Ritual and Religion in the Making of HumanityCambridge University Press, 1999 M03 25 - 535 páginas Roy Rappaport argues that religion is central to the continuing evolution of life, although it has been been displaced from its original position of intellectual authority by the rise of modern science. His book, which could be construed as in some degree religious as well as about religion, insists that religion can and must be reconciled with science. Combining adaptive and cognitive approaches to the study of humankind, he mounts a comprehensive analysis of religion's evolutionary significance, seeing it as co-extensive with the invention of language and hence of culture as we know it. At the same time he assembles the fullest study yet of religion's main component, ritual, which constructs the conceptions which we take to be religious and has been central in the making of humanity's adaptation. The text amounts to a manual for effective ritual, illustrated by examples drawn from anthropology, history, philosophy, comparative religion, and elsewhere. |
Contenido
Introduction | 1 |
The evolution of humanity | 3 |
Adaptation | 5 |
The symbol | 7 |
The great inversion | 9 |
The lie | 11 |
Alternative | 17 |
The ritual form | 23 |
Coordination communitas and neurophysiology | 226 |
Eternity | 230 |
Myth and history | 233 |
The innumerable versus the eternal | 234 |
Simultaneity and hierarchy | 236 |
The Yu Min Rumbim | 237 |
Language and liturgy | 251 |
Analysis vs performance | 253 |
Ritual defined | 24 |
The logical entailments of the ritual form | 26 |
Ritual and formal cause | 27 |
Form and substance in ritual | 29 |
encoding by other than performers | 32 |
formality | 33 |
invariance more or less | 36 |
performance ritual and other performance forms | 37 |
formality vs physical efficacy | 46 |
Ritual as communication | 50 |
Selfreferential and canonical messages | 52 |
Symbols indices and the two streams of messages | 54 |
Appendix | 58 |
Selfreferential messages | 69 |
On levels of meaning | 70 |
Variation and indexicality in the Maring ritual cycle | 74 |
Index icon and number in the Maring ritual cycle | 77 |
Natural indices in the Maring cycle | 80 |
Ordinal and cardinal messages | 82 |
Quantification and the substantial representation of the incorporeal | 84 |
The digital representation of analogic processes | 86 |
The binary aspect of ritual occurrence | 89 |
Ritual occurrence and the articulation of unlike systems | 97 |
Ritual occurrence and buffering against disruption | 101 |
Enactments of meaning | 107 |
The physical and the meaningful | 108 |
Speech acts | 113 |
The special relationship between rituals and performativeness | 115 |
Rituals first fundamental office | 117 |
Acceptance belief and conformity | 119 |
Performativeness metaperformativeness and the establishment of convention | 124 |
Ritual and daily practice in the establishment of convention | 126 |
The morality intrinsic to rituals structure | 132 |
Ritual and myth and drama | 134 |
Ritual as the basic social act | 137 |
Word and act form and substance | 139 |
Substantiating the nonmaterial | 141 |
Special and mundane objects | 144 |
Acts and agents | 145 |
Predication and metaphor | 147 |
Ritual words | 151 |
The reunion of form and substance | 152 |
The union of form and substance as creation | 155 |
Ritual creation and the naturalization of convention | 164 |
Time and liturgical order | 169 |
The dimensions of liturgical orders | 170 |
Temporal experience and public order | 175 |
Succession division period and interval | 177 |
Temporal principles | 181 |
The grounds of recurrence | 188 |
Schedules and societies | 190 |
The temporal organization of activities | 193 |
Regularity length and frequency | 196 |
Sequence and space | 209 |
Intervals eternity and communitas | 216 |
Tempo and consciousness | 220 |
Tempo temporal regions and time out of time | 222 |
Frequency and bonding strength | 225 |
Ritual representations and hyperreality | 257 |
Mending the world | 262 |
The hierarchical dimension of liturgical orders | 263 |
The idea of the sacred | 277 |
Sanctity as a property of discourse | 281 |
The ground of sanctity | 283 |
Axioms and Ultimate Sacred Postulates | 287 |
Sanctity heuristic rules and the basic dogma | 290 |
Sanctity unquestionableness and the truth of things | 293 |
Divinity truth and order | 297 |
The truths of sanctity and deuterotruth | 304 |
Sanctification | 313 |
Sanctified expressions | 317 |
Falsehood alienation sanctity and adaptation | 319 |
Major variations in sanctification | 324 |
Sanctity community and communication | 326 |
The sacred the sanctified and comparative invariance | 328 |
Truth and order | 344 |
Logos | 346 |
Logoi | 353 |
The numinous the Holy and the divine | 371 |
Religious experience and the numinous in William James Rudolph Otto and Emile Durkheim | 374 |
Order disorder and transcendence | 381 |
Grace | 382 |
Grace and art | 384 |
Ritual learning | 388 |
Meaning and meaningfulness again | 391 |
Belief | 395 |
The notion of the divine | 396 |
Illusion and truth | 399 |
The foundations of humanity | 404 |
Religion in adaptation | 406 |
Adaptation defined again | 408 |
Adaptation as the maintenance of truth | 410 |
Selfregulation | 411 |
Religious conceptions in human adaptation | 414 |
The structure of adaptive processes | 419 |
The structural requirements of adaptiveness | 422 |
Hierarchical organization of directive value and sanctity | 425 |
Sanctity vacuity mystery and adaptiveness | 427 |
The Cybernetics of the Holy | 429 |
The breaking of the Holy and its salvation | 438 |
Sanctity and specificity | 440 |
Oversanctification idolatry and maladaptation | 441 |
Adaptive truth and falsity | 443 |
Idolatry and writing | 444 |
Sanctity power and lies of oppression | 446 |
Breaking the Holy and diabolical lies | 447 |
Inversion in the order of knowledge | 449 |
Humanitys fundamental contradiction | 451 |
Dissonance between law and meaning | 453 |
Postmodern science and natural religion | 456 |
Notes | 462 |
References | 499 |
519 | |
Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology | |
Términos y frases comunes
acceptance actions adaptive argued aspects associated Bateson become behavior called canonical canonical invariance changes chapter Christian communication communitas conception concerned conformity constitute continuous contrast conventional cultural cybernetic dance deutero-truths discourse discussion distinction distinguish divine dreamtime efficacy elements encoded entails established eternity experience expressions formal fundamental ground groups Heraclitus hierarchy Holy human illocutionary force important indexical indicates instance intrinsic invariant kaiko language least liturgical orders logical Logos Ma'at marsupials matter meaning meaningful metaphor moral mundane myth nature noted numinous objects obvious occult occurrence Ometeotl organization participation particular passim performance phronesis physical pigs planting possible processes proto-language Rappaport recurrence Red Spirits relations relationship religion religious representation represented ritual ritual cycle rumbim sanctification sanctity seems sense sequences significance significata social societies specific structure subincision substance suggested symbolic temporal things tion Torah transformed truth Ultimate Sacred Postulates understandings University Wakan-Tanka Walbiri words YHVH Zoroastrian