Judicial Review in the Contemporary World

administrative American system annul Austrian Constitution Austrian system binding BISCARETTI DI RUFFIA Calamandrei Cappelletti civil law countries common law concrete Conseil Constitutionnel Conseil d'Etat constitutional issues constitutional law constitutional question constitutionality of legislation control of constitutionality Corte costituzionale Court of Cassation decentralized decision declared doctrine effect Engelhardt erga omnes example exercised FIX ZAMUDIO France French function Geck Germany Giuffrè habeas corpus higher law infra institution interpretation Italian Italy JAHRBUCH DES ÖFFENTLICHEN judges judgment judicial control judicial organs judicial review judiciary JUICIO DE AMPARO jurisdiction legislature MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT México Milano natural law note 9 ÖFFENTLICHEN RECHTS ordinary courts Paris Parliament principle procedures RECHTS DER GEGENWART Republic retroactive review of legislation RIVISTA DI DIRITTO Rozmaryn RUFFIA separation of powers socialist special constitutional courts stare decisis supra note supra note 25 supremacy Supreme Soviet system of judicial tion tional Tribunal de Cassation unconstitutional United Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit