Psychological Monographs: General and AppliedAmerican Psychological Association, 1914 |
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absolute accuracy adaptation of attention antagonistic movement apparatus average reaction break key cards change in intensity chronoscope circuit column comparison weight condition of attention consonance consonance and dissonance constant correlation decision decrease degree of attention detraction effect detractor different degrees dissonance distraction distractor errors experimental experiments fact factors fifth final reaction movement form of reaction forms of movement given h e 1 h e increase in pressure intensity of stimulus Interval of Uncertainty introspections investigation JAMES ROWLAND ANGELL judgments letters major third mean variation measurement of attention ment method metronome minor ninth Minor sevenths motor series number of changes obtained occurred octave practice preparatory interval present pressure curve procedure produced Psychology psychometric function psychophysical react reactor records regularly repeated repeated 2 sec sensory series shown situation test slight sound speed stroke Stumpf suggestibility Table tachistoscope tendency tion varies warning signal writing ΙΟ
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Página 3 - A very close parallelism was found to exist between introspectively distinguishable variations of attention and corresponding differences in the precision of work performed at these levels, under the condition that the estimation of degrees of attention was made in terms of clearness and that the work itself was not influenced by anything else but change in attention.
Página 5 - to arrange a series of tasks of increasing degrees of complexity which should from the normal make ever greater demands on the mind until the attention should pass from a fully concentrated to a completely distracted state.
Página 140 - ... extant and inhibitory habits. (5) But in all these cases, the instances of inhibition as well as those of reinforcement and incorporation, it seems probable that a certain gain in the power to use and sustain attention will accrue from any purposeful and persistent intellectual application. This result may be expected to come in part from the suppressing or disregarding of disagreeable and distracting sensations, and in part from the discipline afforded to the common element in all acts of attention,...
Página 53 - ... dissonance the increase in the parallel value of an interval ; and, as a measure of the increased fusion or synthesis of an interval already consonant, the decrease in parallel value. This is by no means an identification of consonance with the inherent pleasantness of an ™ Parry, op. cit., 88. interval, for we have to do here not with isolated intervals, but with consecutive parallels. As before stated, the experiment is concerned directly with four intervals, — two consonances, the fifth...
Página 30 - I doubled a melody in sths and octaves they believed themselves to be doing no more than extending and diversifying the means by which a melody might be sung in unison by different voices. How they came to prefer for this purpose the 4th to the...
Página 17 - Konsonanz und Dissonanz sind nur graduell verschieden, und es kann der Grenzstrich an verschiedenen Punkten der Reihe gelegt werden, wie er denn tatsächlich von den Alten schon nach der Quarte gezogen wurde, während wir ihn nach der Terzen- und Sextengruppe setzen und spätere Musiksysteme ihn vielleicht nach den Siebenern setzen werden.
Página 9 - Attention may be measured introspectively in terms of attributive clearness. For introspectively distinguished variations of attention (ie, clearness) are closely paralleled by corresponding differences at the same level in accuracy of work performed, in rate of reaction, and in degree of precision as expressed by the mv...
Página 33 - whereas in modern times a man feels that he wants something more when he is without it, in medieval times he wanted something more because he had it." A twelfth century writer, comparing his own sense of consonance with that of the Greek, might have made exactly the same statement in regard to the fifth; for this interval left the Greek with a sense of disturbed equilibrium,92 whereas in the twelfth century it was the regular resolution of the major third and minor sixth. The exact steps by which...
Página 4 - However, the determination of a difference limen for clearness would be the most important step toward an exact measurement of the concentration of attention. It would enable one, by starting with a certain clearness degree of a given mental process under fixed experimental conditions, either to increase or decrease that clearness by just noticeable differences, until the maximum or the minimum of attention to the particular process is reached.