which have taken a high stand in the estimation of the world. It is a Catholic institution, and is justly the boast of that people. From all parts of the world it attracts its pupils; foreign countries as well as all parts of our own fair land, contributing their quota to swell the number who haunt the lovely shades of Notre Dame and imbibe instruction and knowledge in its princely halls. The professors, who deal out learning in the ablest manner, are selected with wondrous care, and by their attainments and power of imparting the gleanings of studious years of research, have made an education gained at this university a high honor to any young man. Not only in the more substantial elements of learning does this famed institution excel. The aesthetic is given a prominent place in the curriculum of study, and combines with the more solid and practical branches to form a result but little short of perfection. The extent and magnitude of the grounds and buildings are ever the wonder of the admiring stranger. He had dreamed of something on an enormous scale, but falling short of this. To the guest of South Bend, Notre Dame is a prominent place of interest, and the affability of its polite brothers tends not a little to make it so. The presiding genius of the institution is well and widely known as Father Lemonnier, revered, and loved of all. It is the headquarters of Father Sorin, general of the order.

"St. Mary's is none the less perfect in its own peculiar attributes. Erected on a garden spot of earth, and in the midst of grounds which nature and art have both tried their most skillful hands upon, it affords within its hallowed shades a perfect home and school together. The common branches and the rugged paths of learning are by no means ignored nor slighted; but St. Mary's particularly excels in the perfecting of those accomplishments which adorn the mind of lovely woman and which send the elegancies of art into an otherwise sordid and too common-place existence. Music, painting and needlework here receive that critical attention so often disregarded in other academies of this kind. From early morn till dewy eve' music, dropping from rose-bud mouths, like pearls, or brought from ivory keys in some mysterious man

ner, sounds through these stately buildings. Prominent among the delightful features here seen is the care bestowed upon the amenities of life. The polished manners of the Sisters of the Holy Cross are insensibly communicated to the students, giving a well-bred and courteous air which a pupil of St. Mary's never loses. At commencement there are gala days here; crowds of friends, from afar, come to see and hear the 'sweet girl graduates with their golden hair,' and to praise the skill and excellence evinced in their instruction.

"St. Joseph's Academy is under the same supervision, but situated on a commanding spot in our city, instead of some distance down the banks of the beautiful river, as is St. Mary's. It possesses the same excellencies, however, although on a less colossal scale. At both of these institutions special attention is given to health, and the watchful care and tender nursing of these gentle sisters is a great object to parents who would not otherwise dare to send their little ones away from home."*

The public schools of South Bend are in a good, efficient condition. The high school has all the attractions of the metropolitan high school, and is under a very able management. The schools throughout the whole county are above the average county schools of the State.

The manufacturing interests of South Bend are very extensive, and are yearly increasing. The city has excellent banking facilities; and the commercial industries are full of promise. There is no city in Indiana growing faster. The population is about twelve thousand.†

* Compiled from Turner's Annual.

There are many of the special features of the county which we are compelled to pass over for want of space.

CHAPTER LVIII.

MADISON COUNTY

HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE.

MADISON county was first settled in 1820, or during the year preceding. In 1820, the county contained, probably, one hundred settlers, who were located, for the most part, near the falls of Fall creek. Among this number may be mentioned the names of Elias Hollingsworth, Samuel Holliday, Thomas and William McCartney, Thomas Scott, Israel Cocks, and Saul Shaul. Adam Dobson, Parmer Patrick, and William and Thomas Silver followed soon after. "From this infant settlement," says Mr. Harding, "we have grown to a population of 25,000."

The county, as a rule, might be called level; "there are, however, on White river and Fall creek, hills of considerable size. There is comparatively little waste land in the county. The prairie, between Pendelton and Anderson, for many years considered as waste land, is gradually being subdued, and will soon become the garden spot of the county, instead of being the home of miasma and noxious weeds."* Improvements in this land, by a system of ditching, are rapidly going forward. The county is well watered by numerous creeks, which have served a valuable day for mill owners, and which drain the soil admirably.

Madison county was organized in 1823. At that time the county seat was located at Pendleton, where it remained until 1836, when is was permanently located at Anderson. The population of the county in 1830, was 2,238; in 1840, it was 8,874; in 1850, it was 12,375; in 1860, it was 16,518; in 1870, it was 22,770; and, in 1875, is estimated in round numbers at *Mr. Harding's work.

25,000, with a voting population of 5,272. The number of acres of improved land in 1870, was 133,190. The number of acres of woodland was 87,521. A survey of the county at this time would show an extension of the former, not a little flattering to the husbandman. The cash value of farms in 1870, was $9,399,441; the value of farm implements and machinery, $242,571; value of orchard products, $70,262. The compilers of this work have ascertained that the increase in these items during the last five years has been over sixty per cent. per annum.

There is nothing remarkable in the early history of the county, except the Indian murders of 1824, of which we have the following account in Mr. O. H. Smith's "Early Reminiscences of Indiana:"

At the time of the Indian murders on Fall creek, the country was new and the population scattered here and there in the woods. The game was plenty, and the Indian hunting grounds had not been forsaken by several of the tribes. The white settlers felt some alarm at the news of an Indian encampment, in the neighborhood, and although they were all friendly, a watchful eye was kept on all their movements. The county of Madison had been organized but a short time before. Pendleton, with a few houses at the falls, was the seat of the new county. Anderson, on White river, was a small village. Chesterfield and Huntsfield were not then heard of. There were only a few houses between Indianapolis and the falls, and still fewer in other directions from the capital. Early in the spring of 1824, a hunting party of Seneca Indians, consisting of two men, three squaws, and four children, encamped on the east side of Fall creek, about eight miles above the falls. The country around their camping ground was a dense, unbroken forest, filled with game. The principal Indian was called Ludlow, and was said to be named for Stephen Ludlow, of Lawrenceburg. The other man I call Mingo. The Indians commenced their seasons hunting and trapping—the men with their guns, and the squaws setting the traps, preparing and cooking the game, and caring for the children - two boys, some ten years old, and two girls of more tender years. A week had rolled around, and the success of the Indians had been very fair, with better prospects ahead, as the spring was opening, and racoons were beginning to leave their holes in the trees in search of frogs that had begun to leave their muddy beds at the bottom of the creeks. The trapping season was only just commencing. Ludlow and his band, wholly unsuspicious of harm, and unconscious of any approaching enemies, were seated around their camp fire, when there approached through the woods five white men - Harper, Sawyer, Hudson, Bridge, Sen., and Bridge, Jr. Harper was the leader, and stepping up to Ludlow, took him by the hand and told him his