GENERAL OFFICERS OF THE ARMY.-General, William T. Sherman, in command; Lieutenant-General, Philip H. Sheridan; Major-Generals, Winfield S. Hancock, J. M. Schofield and Irwin McDowell; Brigadier-Generals, Philip S. G. Cook, John Pope, Oliver O. Howard, Alfred H. Terry, E. O. C. Ord, Christopher C. Auger.

ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY.- Generals, 1; Lieutenant-Generals, 1; Major-Generals, 3; Brigadier-Generals, 6; Adjutant, Quartermaster, Commissary and Surgeon Generals, with their subordinates' Engineers, 300; Cavalry, 10,000; Artillery, 3,635; Infantry, 15,000; Indian scouts, 1,000; Quartermaster's department, 2,500. Total number of enlisted men and attachés for which rations can be used, under act of Congress, July 15, 1870, 35,284.

PAY OF THE ARMY, PER YEAR.- General, $10,602; Lieutenant-General, $8,072; Major-Generals, $5,672; Brigadier-Generals, $3,918; Colonels of Engineers, Ordinance and Cavalry, $2,724; Lieutenant-Colonels, $2,436; Majors, $2,148; Captains, $1,650; Lieutenants, $1,449.96; Colonels of Infantry, $2,544; Lieutenant-Colonels, $2,156; Majors, $2,028; Captains, $1,530; First-Lieutenants, $1,410; Second-Lieutenants, $1,350; Chief Signal officer, $2,724; Chaplains, $1,416.

There are fifteen military geographical divisions and departments, and twenty-five armories and arsenals in the United States.

COST OF THE FOUR UNITED STATES WARS.

Revolutionary war, seven years.
War of 1812, two and a half years.

Mexican war, two years.

War of the Rebellion, four years.

Aggregate...

$ 135,163,703 107,159,003 66,000,000

-over 3,000,000,000

$3,308,352,706

WAR STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES.

Since the organization of the Federal Government eleven attempts have been made against its authority. 1st, Conspiracy of a few federal army officers, in 1782, to combine the original thirteen states into one, and place Washington in supreme command. 2d, Shay's insurrection in Massachusetts, in 1787. 3d, Whisky insurrection of Pennsylvania, in 1794. 4th, By the Hartford convention, in 1814. 5th, In 1820, on the question of the admission of Missouri into the Union. 6th, Collision between the Legislature of Georgia and the Government in regard to the lands given to the Creek Indians. 7th, In 1830, with the Cherokees in Georgia. 8th, Was the infamous nullifying ordinance of South Carolina in 1832. 9th, In 1842, between the suffrage association of Rhode Island and the State authorities. 10th, On the part of the Mormons in Utah, in 1856, who resisted the authorities of the Government; and the 11th was the late war of the Rebellion.

In the Revolutionary war the original thirteen States furnished troops for the army as follows: Deleware, 2,386; Georgia, 2,679; Rhode Island, 5,908; South Carolina, 6,417: North Carolina, 7,263; New Jersey, 10,726; New Hamshire, 12,497; Maryland, 13,912; New York, 17,781; Pennsylvania, 25,678; Virginia, 26,728; Connecticut, 31,939; Massachusetts, 67,907. Total, 231,791.

TROOPS FURNISHED BY THE STATES FOR THE UNITED STATES DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.

There was enlisted for the three months service 191,985 men; six months, 19,076 men; nine months, 87,558 men; one year service, 394,959 men; two years, 43,113; three years, 1,950,792 men, and for the four years service 1,040 men. Total, 2,688,523 men. But as many of these re-enlisted, it is safe to say that there were 1,500,000 men enlisted and served in the war for the Union from 1861 to 1865. Of this number 56,000 were killed in battle, 35,000 died of wounds, and 184,000 died in hospitals of diseases.

SALARIES OF THE PRINCIPAL GOVERNMENT

OFFICIALS.

The following indicates the increase in the salaries of government offi cials made by vote of congress March third, 1873, and popularly denomi nated the "Salary Grab Bill."

President

Former. Increase.

$25,000 $50,000

Vice-President, Speaker of House, and eight Justices, each 8,000 10,000 Chief Justice...

8,500 10,500

First and Second Ass't Sec'y of State and of Treasury, each

Supervising Architect..

4,000

5,000

Commissioners of Customs, Indian affairs, Pensions, Land

First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Auditors, each 3,000

4,000

The increase in the salaries of the representatives and senators, except the speaker of the house and the congressional employes, was dated back two years, and made to begin March fourth, 1871. The whole amount of the increase is about $1,500,000 a year.

Congress passed an act, approved January twentieth, 1874, repealing the "Salary Grab Bill," except as relates to the president and the justices of the supreme court; Provided that mileage shall not be allowed for the first session of the forty-third congress, that all moneys appropriated as compensation to the members of the forty-second congress in excess of the mileage and allowances fixed by law at the commencement of said congress, and which shall not have been drawn by the members respectively or which having been drawn have been returned in any form to the United States, are hereby covered into the treasury of the United States, and are declared to be the moneys of the United States absolutely, the same as if they had never been appropriated as aforesaid.

NOTE. For the want of room in the Appendix, and having extra room immediately before Chapter I, we have placed a few pages of the Appendix in the fore part of this work.

GENERAL HISTORY.

CHAPTER I.

IN

MIAMI VILLAGES AND FRENCH SETTLEMENTS.

1670, and for many years previous, the fertile region of country now included within the boundaries of the State of Indiana, was inhabited by the Miami Confederacy of Indians. This league consisted of several Algonquin tribes, notably the Twightwees, Weas, Piankeshaws, and Shockeys, and was formed at an early period — probably in the early part of the Seventeenth century for the purpose of repelling the invasions of the Iroquois, or Five Nations, at whose hands they had suffered many severe defeats. By the frequent and unsuccessful wars in which they were compelled to engage, in self defense, their numbers had become greatly reduced, until, at the date mentioned, they could not muster more than fifteen hundred or two thousand warriors. They dwelt in small villages on the banks of the various rivers in Indiana, and extended their dominion as far east as the Scioto, north to the great lakes, and west to the country of the Illinois. Their principal settlements were scattered along the headwaters of the Great Miami, the banks of the Maumee, the St. Joseph, of Lake Michigan, the Wabash and its tributaries. Although once important among the nations of the Lake region, they had become greatly demoralized by repeated defeats in war, and when first visited by the French, their villages presented a very untidy appearance. They were living in constant terror of the Five Nations, practicing only sufficient industry to prevent starvation, and indulging all their viscious passions to a vulgar extreme.

Almost immediately following the discovery and exploration of the Mississippi, by La Salle, in 1682, and a few years

later by James Marquette, the government of France began to encourage the policy of connecting its possessions in North America by a chain of fortifications, and trading posts, and missionary stations, extending from New Orleans on the southwest, to Quebec on the northeast. This undertaking was inaugurated by Lamotte Cadillac, who established Fort Pontchartrain, on the Detroit river, in 1701. At this period the zealous Jesuit missionaries, the adventurous French fur traders, with their coarse blue and red cloths, fine scarlet, guns, powder, balls, knives, ribbons, beads, vermillion, tobacco and rum; and the careless rangers, or coureurs des bois, whose chief vocation was conducting the canoes of the traders along the lakes and rivers, made their appearance among the Indians of Indiana. The pious Jesuits held up the cross of Christ and unfolded the mysteries of the Catholic religion in broken Indian, to these astonished savages, while the speculating traders offered them fire water and other articles of merchandise in exchange for their peltries, and the rangers, shaking loose every tie of blood and kindred, identified themselves with the savages, and sank into utter barbarism.

The Jesuit missionaries were always cordially received by the Miami tribes. These Indians would listen patiently to the strange theory of the Savior and salvation, manifest a willing belief in all they heard, and then, as if to entertain their visitors in return, they would tell them the story of their own simple faith in the Manatous, and stalk off with a groan of dissatisfaction because the missionaries would not accept their theory with equal courtesy. Missionary stations were established at an early day in all of the principal villages, and the work of instructing and converting the savages was begun in earnest. The order of religious exercises established at the missions established among the Miamis was nearly the same as that among other Indians. Early in the morning the missionaries would assemble the Indians at the church, or the hut used for that purpose, and, after prayers, the savages were taught concerning the Catholic religion. These exercises were always followed by singing, at the conclusion of which the congregation was dismissed, the Christians only remaining to