25. At Edinburgh, Major James Ballantyne of Holylee.

At Falkirk, Mr Robert Taylor.

26. At Mary's Place, Stockbridge, Mrs Susan Sangster, wife of Mr John Parker, Solicitor Supreme Courts.

-At Edinburgh, the Rev. Robert Doig, one of the ministers of the parish of St Nicholas, Aberdeen, in the 56th year of his age, and 34th of his ministry.

-At Ashmore, Robert Gordon, Esq. of Ashmore, younger of Invernettie.

-At Edinburgh, the Hon. Miss Bethia Hamil

ton.

-At Manse of Wamphrey, the Rev. Mr Joseph Kirkpatrick, in the 75th year of his age, and 47th of his ministry.

Her Grace the Duchess of Gordon, after a most severe illness of above a twelvemonth.

28. At Edinburgh, Susan, youngest daughter of the late Major Hamilton Maxwell of Ardwell. -At Dun House, Miss Erskine of Dun. 29. At her house, Hope Street, Miss Blair. 30. At London, on the 30th ult. Mr Wm. Sharp, an eminent engraver.

-At Kilconquhar, Fife, Mrs Magdalene Lizars, wife of Mr John Brewster, printer, Society, Edinburgh.

31. At his house, Park Street, John Brown, Esq. -Tweedie Crawford, infant daughter of Mr Douglas, writer to the signet, Drummond place. Aug. 1. At Scotscraig House, William Dalgliesh, Esq. of Scotscraig.

At Manse of Irongray, Mrs Ann Campbell, wife of the Rev. Dr Dow, minister of Irongray. -At Burnhouse, Joseph Calder, Esq. -At Burntisland, Mr Andrew Hutchison, town clerk.

-At Manchester, Alexander Livingstone, a native of Haddington, aged 98 years. In the early part of his life he served a number of years in the Scotch Greys, during the German war. He had two horses shot under him at the memorable battle of Minden. He was a pensioner of Chelsea Hospital upwards of fifty years.

2. At Godstone, Surrey, Alexander Waugh, A.M. minister of the Scots Church, Miles'-Lane, London; and son of the Rev. Dr Waugh, minister of the Scots Church, Wells Street.

At his house, Richmond Hill, near Aberdeen, Thomas M'Combie, of Easter Skene, Esq. 4. At Orrard, Perthshire, Mrs Richardson, wife of the late James Richardson, Esq. of Pitfour Castle.

5. At St Mary's Cottage Trinity, Mrs John Linning.

7. At Edinburgh, Mrs Jessie Hamilton, wife of John Glassford Hopkirk, Esq. W.S. in the 28th year of her age.

8. At Marseilles, whither he had gone for the recovery of his health, the celebrated German philologer, Frederick Wolf, in his 66th year.

9. At Bath, Major-General William Augustine Prevost, C.B. son of the late Major-General, and brother of the late Lieut.-General Sir George Prevost, Bart.

At Juniper Green, Colinton, Lieutenant Henry Rymer, R.N.

10. At his house, Cornhill, near Perth, Laurence Robertson, Esq. in the 64th year of his age.

-In Laurieston Lane, Francis, the only son of Leonard Horner, Esq.

11. At Aberdeen, Miss Jane Allan Kidd, daughter of the Rev. Dr Kidd.

-At Edinburgh, Maria Jane Craigie, eldest daughter of Captain Edmund Craigie, of the Hon. East India Company's service.

13. At Edinburgh, Mrs Christian Godsman, relict of the late Ebenezer Marshal, minister of Cockpen.

-in Upper-Gower Street, London, Lucy Elizabeth, wife of Lord Maurice Drummond.

14. At Glasgow, Dr William Buchanan, late surgeon of the 82d regiment of foot.

15. At Burnside, George Rodger, Esq. of Burnside, in the 70th year of his age.

- At Drummond Place, Edinburgh, the Rev. James Duguid, third son of the Rev. John Du

guid, minister of Evie and Rendal, Orkney, in the 27th year of his age.

16. At Crieff, Mrs Elizabeth Arnot, relict of Mr James Arnot, merchant there.

-At Portobello, Elizabeth, third daughter of Mr D. Cowan, Canongate, Edinburgh, aged ten years.

-At Edinburgh, Mr James Richardson, surgeon and druggist.

-At Greenock, at an advanced age, Mr Thomas Potts, writer there, and formerly writer in Kelso.

17. At Leith, Peter F. Hay, son of Mr John Hay, ship-owner.

At Meadowside, near Strathaven, James Miller, Esq. advocate.

-At Rockhill, Argyllshire, Mrs M'Lachlan, sen. of M'Lachlan, in the 91st year of her age. -At No. 9, Queen Street, Edinburgh, aged 4 years, Jemima, fifth daughter of Mr William Bell, W.S.

18. Mrs Heugh, relict of John Heugh, of Gartcows, Esq.

19. At Edinburgh, William Calder, Esq. late Lord Provost of this City, much and deeply regretted.

Mrs Susanna Davidson, wife of William Kirkaldy, Esq. merchant in Dundee.

20. At London, Thomas Trevor Hampden, Viscount Hamdpen and Baron Trevor of Bromham.

-At Dalnaspidal, Blair Atholl, Lieut.-Colonel George Johnston, brother to the Right Hon. Lady Gray.

22. At Inverleith Mains, Mr George Lauder, farmer.

-At Sourhope, Mr James Shiell, tenant there, aged 73 years.

At Addingstone, Agnes, third daughter of John Simson, Esq. of Blainslie.

23. At Blairlogie, Stirlingshire, Miss Emilia Husband Baird, daughter of the Very Rev. Dr G. H. Baird, Principal of the University of Edinburgh.

24. At Edinburgh, Miss Elizabeth Dickson, North St Andrew's Street.

--At Edinburgh, Mr Robert Douglas, late of the Advocates' Library.

- At Duntrune, Mrs Stirling Grahame.

- At the residence of his son, in the Vale of Neath, the Right Hon. Earl of Daraven, aged

72.

25. At Halyburton, Berwickshire, after a few days' illness, Mr John Fairbairn, long tenant there, and author of a "Treatise on Sheep-Farming, by a Lammermuir Farmer."

26. At Bankhead, South Queensferry, Captain William Gordon, second son of the late James Gordon, Esq. of Rosieburn.

-In Argyll Square, Janet, the wife of William Wallace, Professor of Mathematics in the University of Edinburgh.

28. At Pentonville, after a short illness, Mr Alex. Greig, in his 69th year.

29. At her house, Ann Street, St Bernard's, Mrs Jean Spalding, eldest daughter of the late Alexander Spalding Gordon, Esq. of Holm and Shirmers, and relict of James Fraser, Esq. of Gorthleck, W.S.

-At Edinburgh, James Butter, Esq. W.S.

- At St John's Hill, James Sutherland Bruce, son of the late Mr Wm. Bruce, banker in Edinburgh.

At Edinburgh, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the late William Cumming, Esq. of Riga. 30. At Craigleith Hill, Elizabeth Grahame, youngest daughter of Mr William Bonar.

Lately, On his passage to Europe for the recovery of health, Ensign George Huntly Gordon, of the Hon. East India Company's Service, youngest son of Lieutenant-General Gordon Cumining Skene of Pitlurg and Dyce.

-At Lyons, whither he had proceeded for the benefit of his health, Mr Abraham Montefiori, the brother of M. Rothschild, aged 38.

Suddenly, off Algiers, Mr William Rogers, mas ter of his Majesty's ship Glasgow.

many was hostile to the French school; but what were a few private scholars and professors, dispersed over the obscure and powerless states of Germany, when opposed to the influence of the only intellectual prince of whom Germany could boast, reigning in a capital upon which the eyes of all Europe were fixed, drawing around him everything that was most likely to adorn the monarchy he might be said to have created, and exerting all his immense influence, personal and regal, in favour of that literature, the spirit of which, although even his lynx eyes could not see it, was not less fixedly and irreconcilably at variance with his own interests and those of his crown, than with all the best and dearest interests of Germany, of Europe, of Christendom? The star of Frederick blazed an evil portent in the intellectual sky of Germany; its meteor-like splendour, though of" the earth earthy," was sufficient to din for a time the more distant and scattered vessels of purer and more stedfast light.

Even the gigantic mind of Johnson, such are the effects of contemporary spleen, could not enter the lists against Voltaire, without denying the greatness of his genius. It is pitiable enough to perceive that this folly still lingers among some who ought to be above it; but what such people say now has certainly no influence upon the general feelings of men. Posterity is, as usual, just; and they who are in the best condition to render a reason for their aversion to Voltaire, are the readiest also to admit, that were nothing but mere power of intellect to be taken into account, there are but very few names on record among mankind, entitled to be placed upon a level with his. He had the daring to design and to commence a warfare, to which even LUTHER's was but child'splay; and he brought to its service a perseverance the most audacious and undaunted, and weapons and skill the most varied and the most exquisite that ever were exerted simultaneously for an unholy and an unhappy cause. That in the government of France, and the religion of Rome, he found many subjects of just reprehension, who can deny? But these merely furnished this Archimedes with a resting-place, from which to bend his myriad engines against the whole system and fabric of European thought. He hated all

alike, and he warred equally against all. He hated the despotism of the French king, and he assaulted all European government. He despised the cruel mummeries of the half-heathenized Christianity he saw in operation immediately around him, and he declared war against the Bible. Through the feeble points of manners, he stabbed at the eternal foundations of morals ;— Pretence and Purity, Cunning and Wisdom, all were alike the objectsthank God, not the victims-of his impartial rancour.

His grand error was, that he could not distinguish between the systems themselves, which he found in operation, and the adventitious absurdities which he found attached to these systems. He determined, therefore, instead of lopping off unseemly excrescences, to make root and branch work of it. He found all the bad things which he hated or despised existing amidst nations professing a certain religion, and accustomed to live under certain forms of government ;-the fundamental principles of that religion, therefore, and the whole substructure of recollections and reverence on which these governments apparently rested their strength, were to be assailed with every art which his ingenuity could devise, and his pertinacity direct. His ambition was to effect a thorough revolution in the political and in the religious feelings and principles of the European mind; and it was no difficult matter for him, having once formed this audacious scheme, to perceive, that his first and great object must be to destroy altogether our respect for our own ancestors. The institutions which he abhorred were all derived from them. They were consecrated in the eyes of living men, by the belief that they had come down from the wise and the noble dead ;—our oracles were also our monuments.

An European antiquity was in his eyes the badge of all abomination. We moderns were treading blindly in the footsteps of generations which we ought altogether to despise. His business was to persuade us, that the mists of the dark ages were only beginning to be dispelled; that it was reserved for him and his contempora ries to have the glory of first beholding the real dawn of truth and light; and that nothing but bigotry and interest could possibly withstand the

influence of the blaze which his bold hand had been destined to reveal. He was, among other things, at the pains to write a history of the whole world, with the express and single purpose of enforcing these new ideas. In this book, and in the more ponderous Dictionnaire Philosophique, there was no one institution subsisting anywhere among the peoples of Christendom which he did not assault through those in whom he supposed it to have originated, and by respect for the memory of whom he supposed it to be in any measure maintained. Everywhere he found or feigned some vile trick of interest or ignorance to come in place of some revered foundation of charity or wisdom. Priesthood, monarchy, no bility, were so many aliases for the domination of impudence, hypocrisy, and fraud. Dexterous was he in the management of his weapons, and deadly the extent to which his cruel paradox for a time prevailed. Plays and romances were written to insinuate the same poison into minds or moods of the most opposite descriptions,-to blend it with the sympathies of the serious, as well as the mirth of the jocular. It was worked up in imposing forms for the would-be-wise-it was mixed in wine for men, and in milk for babes. The ambition of the proud in mind-the scorn of the unsatisfied evil the secret yearnings of the luxurious-for each of these elements he had his appropriate viand. He at once enlisted the bad passions on his side; and, by his skilfulness in the arts of deceit and perversion, he was enabled also to entrap beneath his banner not a little of what was meant to be good.

The massive intellect and the prodigious influence of Dr Johnson formed a rampart against the influx of these pernicious notions for which England can never cease to be grateful. Hume, Tory though he was, did more against us, than for us. Gibbon was Voltaire's partisan, as far as it was possible for a man of his personal virtue and great erudition to be so. Even Robertson stooped to be his apologist. Johnson alone stood firm, cased in the armour of knowledge, of wisdom, and of pride; and opposing a resistance which certainly would not have been the less effectual, had he conciliated, in some measure, the judgment of the lookerson, by confessing, instead of eternally

deriding, the ingenuity and vigour of his Proteus antagonist.

This haughty opposition, however, was entirely a philosophical one, and that was not enough to set against a system which had not disdained to assault everything that is imaginative, through imagination itself, as well as through other channels. But others fortunately arose to supply that in which both the plans and the powers of Johnson were deficient. The publication of Percy's Reliques gave a new turn to the imaginative literature of England. That work certainly had great influence in Germany also. But its business there was not to originate, but to encourage; for, before its treasures were opened, the comprehensive genius of Goethe had already struck the kindred note by this very drama. If it had been otherwise, we had still been abundantly repaid; for a translation of Goetz von Berlichingen was the first publication of Sir Walter Scott; and it is not perhaps too much to say, that as but for Percy we might have had no Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, so, but for Goethe, the genius of the most successful author of our time might have taken some direction less fortunate, in every point of view, than that, the triumph of which is now before us.

The wise, no less than magnificent, design which Goethe too soon abandoned, and which the other great poet has so splendidly pursued, was the only one through which there could be any just hope of opposing, in the hearts of modern men, the influence of those new doctrines by which the revolutionary literature of France had appealed so powerfully to the self-love of its generation. The main-spring of this rival engine was a noble disbelief in the possibility of men's soon or easily losing all sympathy for those who had gone before them. Its object was the vindication of the past-not the vindication of its errors-not the denial of its evils-but the assertion of the fact that the old times had their good also

that our fathers were neither the fools nor the slaves it suited the audacity of living conceit to represent them

that we were sprung from noble and virtuous races, and ought to imitate their virtues and amend their errors, but not draw a broad line of separation between us and them-nor hug the flattering unction, that it was a

nobler and a better part to demolish and rebuild than to preserve and embellish.

In Germany, all things considered, it is not perhaps to be wondered at that the chief characteristic of the new spirit had been, from the very beginning of its influence, a savage hatred and scorn for the institution of nobility. The abuses which had grown around that institution in Germany were great -and unhappily they have not yet been corrected, except in a few portions of the old empire. It was obvious, however, to Goethe, and to every man capable of taking a calm and philosophical view of the subject, that this institution was far too deep ly inwoven into the whole frame and fabric of society in that country, to admit of its being pulled down without peril of the most deadly effects upon its national character-the root of all real good, and the source of all really philosophical expectation of good. This poet, therefore, undertook to vindicate the old chivalry, which was every day assailed in every form of banter-he undertook to make men sympathize once more with the reverence which their fathers had felt for the frank and lofty virtues of the old German Baronage; that body, which, in despite of all the sneers of ungrateful posterity, had stood, throughout a long course of troubled ages, the eternal barrier between the prince and the people, fighting the battles of both, and preventing the one from the active, the other from the passive curse of despotism. He undertook to meet in the teeth the insulting array, of which "Guerre aux Chateaux" was the war-cry. He undertook to shew that the place which men envied had been won; and with great and consummate art he undertook to do all this, without betraying openly what was the purpose he had in view-he undertook to insinuate, not to declaim-he appealed to the hearts of men, not doubting that his doctrine would from thence find its own way to their heads.

There was great art as well as boldness in the selection of the period, and of the hero of this dramatic attempt. The poet has taken a time of the utmost turbulence and confusion-exactly one of those periods which had been most frequently decried as made up of nothing but brutal ignorance on the one side, and brutal oppression on the other. Goctz von Berlichingen

himself was one of the knightly freebooters of old Germany-one of those petty barons, who, by means of brotherhoods established within their own rank, contrived to set at defiance the power of the greater authorities of the empire, even when that power was exerted apparently for worthy purposes. This, however, was perhaps the necessary result of their being systematically, and as a class of men, accustomed, and indeed very often compelled, to make common cause against princely and imperial ambition. We must take the evil with the good in all things. These noble robbers laid abbeys and free towns under contribution; but they more than repaid this, both to the clergy and the commonalty, by that spirit of daring which they nourished, and in which they gloried; that high and haughty soul of independence which animated them to the great and perpetual struggle which they alone had the power of maintaining, and to withdraw them from which, all the blandishments and temptations of courtly intrigue and proffered favour were continually exerted.

But perhaps enough of all this disquisition-in which we are by no means certain, after all, that there may not have been a good deal of over-refining upon things. Let us come to the play itself, or rather to the translation of it, which was published in London " by Walter Scott, Esq. Ad vocate, Edinburgh!" (such is the style of the title-page,) in 1799; and which, never having been reprinted, has long since become, according to an old phrase of ours, "as good as MS." The tone of the preface to this version is very modest.-The writer talks of the obligations he has been under to "a gentleman of high literary eminence," for revising his performance. This, we suppose, was that clever and audacious plagiarist of the Germans, Monk Lewis, to whose Tales of Terror Mr Scott contributed not long afterwards his two splendid ballads, Glenfinlas, and the Eve of St John, pieces which at once established his reputation, and effectually lowered that of his eminent friend's Alonzo the Brave, et hoc genus omne, with which, until then, the public had been marvellously contented. We are rather surprised, that, if it were but for the curiosity of the thing, Mr J. Bell, of Oxford Street, the publisher of this translation, or his representative, whoever that may