Canned grapefruit and orange for salad, commonly known as canned citrus salad, is prepared from sound, mature grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfadyen) and sound, mature oranges of the orange group (Citrus sinensis). The fruit ingredients have been properly washed, segmented, and cored; and seeds and major portions of membrane have been removed. The product is packed with a suitable packing media which may be water, fruit juice, orange juice, nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners, artificial sweeteners, or any other safe and suitable ingredients permissible under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The product is sufficiently processed by heat to assure preservation in hermetically sealed containers.

§ 52.1252 Grades.

(a) "U.S. Grade A" (or "U.S. Fancy") is the quality of canned grapefruit and orange for salad that:

(1) Has a drained weight of orange fruit that is not less than 371⁄2 percent nor more than 60 percent of the drained weight of the product;

(2) Has an average drained weight of not less than 53 percent of the water capacity of the container, of which not less than 65 percent by weight of each fruit ingredient consists of practically whole segments;

(3) Has a good color;

(4) Is practically free from defects;
(5) Has a good character;

(6) Has a good flavor and odor; and (7) Scores not less than 90 points when scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart.

(b) "U.S. Grade B" (or "U.S. Choice") is the quality of canned grapefruit and orange for salad that:

(1) Has a drained weight of orange fruit that is not less than 321⁄2 percent nor more than 60 percent of the drained weight of the product;

(2) Has an average drained weight of not less than 53 percent of the water capacity of the container, of which not less than 50 percent by weight of each

fruit ingredient consists of practically whole segments;

(3) Has a reasonably good color;

(4) Is reasonably free from defects; (5) Has a reasonably good character; (6) Has a reasonably good flavor and odor; and

(7) Scores not less than 80 points when scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart.

(c) "U.S. Broken" is the quality of canned grapefruit and orange for salad that:

(1) Has a drained weight of orange fruit that is not less than 321⁄2 percent nor more than 60 percent of the drained weight of the product;

(2) Has an average drained weight of not less than 53 percent of the water capacity of the container, of which less than 50 percent of the drained weight of either fruit ingredient consists of practically whole segments;

(3) Has a reasonably good color; (4) Is reasonably free from defects; (5) Has a reasonably good character; (6) Has a reasonably good flavor and odor; and

(7) Scores not less than 70 points when scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart.

(d) "Substandard" is the quality of canned grapefruit and orange for salad that fails to meet the requirements of U.S. Grade B and U.S. Broken.

§ 52.1253 Liquid media and Brix meas

(c) The densities of the packing media, as listed in this section, are measured on the refractometer, expressed as percent by weight sucrose (degrees Brix) with correction for temperature to the equivalent at 20° C. (68° F.), but without correction for invert sugars or other substances. The degrees Brix of the packing media may be determined by any other method which gives equivalent results.

(d) Brix determination is made on the packing media 15 days or more after the grapefruit and orange for salad is canned or the blended homogenized slurry of the comminuted entire contents of the container if canned for less than 15 days.

§ 52.1254 Fill of container.

The recommended fill of container is not incorporated in the grades of the finished product since fill of container, as such, is not a factor of quality for the purposes of these grades. It is recommended that each container be filled as full as practicable with grapefruit and orange for salad without impairment of quality and that the product and packing media occupy not less than 90 percent of the total capacity of the container.

Total capacity of the container means the maximum weight of distilled water, at 20 degrees C. (68 degrees F.) which the sealed container will hold.

§ 52.1255 Minimum drained weights.

(a) General. The minimum drained weight requirements for the various container sizes are listed in Table I. The drained weight of the grapefruit and orange for salad is not less than 53 percent of the water capacity of the container.

(b) Definitions.

(1) Sample average-the average of all the drained weights of the sample containers representing a lot.

(2) Xa-a specified minimum sample average drained weight.

(3) LL-lower limit for individual container drained weights.

(c) Method for determining drained weight. The drained weight of canned grapefruit and orange for salad is determined by emptying the contents of the container upon a U.S. Standard No. 8 circular sieve of proper diameter containing 8 meshes to the inch (square openings 0.0937 inch (2.38 mm) ±3 percent) so as to distribute the product

evenly over the sieve. Without shifting the product, incline the sieve at an angle of approximately 17° to 20° to facilitate drainage and allow to drain for 2 minutes. The weight of drained grapefruit and orange for salad is the weight of the sieve and product less the weight of the dry sieve. A sieve 8 inches in diameter is used if the contents of the container is less than 3 pounds and a sieve 12 inches in diameter is used if the contents of the container is 3 pounds or

more.

(d) Compliance with drained weight requirements. A lot of canned grapefruit and orange for salad is considered as meeting the minimum drained weight requirements when the following criteria are met:

(1) The sample average meets the specified minimum sample average drained weight (designated as "Xa" in Table I); and

(2) The number of containers which fail to meet the minimum drained weight for individual containers (designated as "LL" in Table I) does not exceed the applicable acceptance number specified in Table II.

TABLE I.-Minimum drained weights

§ 52.1256 Sample unit size.

Compliance with requirements for factors of quality is based on a sample unit comprised of the entire contents of one container, irrespective of container size. § 52.1257 Determining the grade of a sample unit.

(a) General. The grade of a sample unit of canned grapefruit and orange for salad is determined by considering the factor of flavor and odor which is not scored; the ratings for the factors of wholeness, color, defects, and character which are scored; the total score; and the limiting rules which may be applicable.

(1) "Percentage of orange fruit" means the drained weight of the orange ingredient multiplied by 100 and divided by the drained weight of the total fruit ingredients. Compliance with this requirement shall be based on the sample average (average of all sample units representing a lot): Provided, that the weight of drained orange fruit in no single container is less than 25 percent or more than 75 percent of the drained fruit in such container. It is recommended that the number of orange units be not less than the number of grapefruit units.

(2) "Good flavor and odor" means that the product has a distinct and normal flavor and odor typical of canned grapefruit and orange for salad and is free from objectionable flavors and objectionable odors of any kind.

(3) "Reasonably good flavor and odor" means that the product may be lacking in good flavor and odor but is free from objectionable flavors and objectionable odors of any kind.

§ 52.1258 Determining the rating for the factors which are scored.

The essential variations within each factor which is scored are so described that the value may be determined for each factor and expressed numerically. The numerical range within each factor which is scored is inclusive (for example, "23 to 25 points" means 23, 24, or 25 points).

that consists of not less than 65 percent by weight of each drained fruit ingredient in practically whole segments may be given a score of 21 to 25 points.

(c) "B" classification. Sample units of canned grapefruit and orange for salad that consist of less than 65 percent but not less than 40 percent by weight of either or both of the drained fruit ingredients in practically whole segments may be given a score of 17 to 20 points. In addition the sample average (average of all sample units representing a lot) shall not be less than 50 percent by weight in practically whole segments. Sample units of canned grapefruit and orange for salad that fall into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade B, regardless of the total score for the product. (This is a limiting rule.)

(d) "Broken" classification. Sample units of canned grapefruit and orange for salad that individually consist of less than 40 percent by weight of either or both of the drained fruit ingredients in practically whole segments, or average (average of all sample units) less than 50 percent by weight of either or both of the drained fruit ingredients in practically whole segments may be given a score of 0 to 16 points. Sample units of canned grapefruit and orange for salad that fall into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Broken, regardless of the total score for the product. (This is a limiting rule.) § 52.1260

Color.

(a) "A" classification. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that has a good color may be given a score of 23 to 25 points. "Good color" means that:

(1) With respect to the grapefruit, a practically uniform, bright, typical color free from any noticeable tinge of amber; and

(2) With respect to the orange fruit, a practically uniform, bright, typical

orange color.

(b) "B" classification. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that has a reasonably good color may be given a score of 21 or 22 points. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade B, regardless of the total score for the product. (This is a limiting rule.) "Reasonably good color" means that:

(1) With respect to the grapefruit, at least a fairly bright color which may be variable but is not off-color for any reason; and

(2) With respect to the orange fruit, at least a fairly bright, typical orange color which may be variable.

(c) "SStd." classification. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that fails to meet the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section may be given a score of 0 to 20 points and shall not be graded above Substandard, regardless of the total score for the product. (This is a limiting rule.)

§ 52.1261 Defects.

(a) General. The factor of defects refers to the degree of freedom from extraneous vegetable material, from seeds, from portions of albedo, from portions of tough membrane, from damaged units, and from other similar defects.

(1) "Extraneous vegetable material" means, portions of leaves, small pieces of peel, and other similar material that is harmless.

(2) "Seed" means any seed or any portion thereof, whether or not fully developed, that measures more than 16 inch in any dimension.

(3) "Large seed" means any seed or any portion thereof, whether or not fully developed, that measures more than 3% inch in any dimension.

(4) "Damaged unit” means any grapefruit or orange segment or portion thereof that is damaged by lye peeling, by discoloration, or by similar injury or that is otherwise damaged to such an extent that the appearance or eating quality of the unit is materially affected.

(b) "A" classification. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that is practically free from defects may be given a score of 23 to 25 points. "Practically free from defects" means that:

(1) All defects present, whether or not specifically defined or listed in this section, do not more than slightly affect the appearance or edibility of the product; and

(2) The defects that may be present in a sample unit and in the entire sample do not exceed the allowances specified in Table III.

(c) "B" classification. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that is reasonably free from defects may be given