orange juice has a fairly good color, a score of 32 to 35 points may be given. Canned orange juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade C, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). "Fairly good color" means a color that is not as good as USDA OJ 6. It may be slightly amber or very light in hue, or it may show slight evidence of browning; but is typical of canned orange juice. (f) (SStd.) Classification. If the canned orange juice fails to meet the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section a score of 0 to 31 points may be given. Canned orange juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above Substandard, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). § 52.1558 Defects. (a) General. The factor of defects refers to the degree of freedom from recoverable oil; from particles of membrane, core, or skin; from seeds or seed particles; and from other defects. (b) (A) classification. Canned orange Juice that is practically free from defects may be given a score of 18 to 20 points. "Practically free from defects" means that there may be present not more than 0.035 percent by volume of recoverable oil and that the juice does not contain particles of membrane, core, or skin, seeds, or seed particles, or other defects that affect more than slightly the appearance of the product. (c) (C) classification. If the canned orange juice is fairly free from defects, a score of 16 or 17 points may be given. Canned orange juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade C, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). "Fairly free from defects" means that there may be present not more than 0.055 percent by volume of recoverable oil and that the juice does not contain particles of membrane, core, or skin, seeds, or seed particles, or other defects that affect materially the appearance of the product. (b) (C) Classification. If the canned orange juice possesses a good flavor, a score of 32 to 35 points may be given. Canned orange juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade C, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). "Fairly good flavor" means & good, normal canned orange juice flavor which may have a slightly caramelized or slightly oxidized flavor but is free from off flavors of any kind and meets the following requirements for the respective (c) (SStd) Classification. Canned orange juice that fails to meet the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section, or is off flavor for any reason, may be given a score of 0 to 31 points and shall not be graded above Substandard, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). [29 F.R. 15356, Nov. 17, 1964, as amended at 31 FR. 16515, Dec. 28, 1966; 34 F.R. 7860, May 17, 1969] EXPLANATIONS AND METHODS OF ANALYSES § 52.1560 Definitions of terms and methods of analyses. (a) Brix. "Brix" means the degrees Brix of canned orange juice when tested with a Brix hydrometer calibrated at 20 degrees C. (68 degrees F.). If used in testing juice at a temperature other than 20 degrees C. (68 degrees F.) the applicable temperature correction shall be made to the reading of the scale as prescribed in the "Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists." The degrees Brix of canned orange juice may be determined by any other method which gives equivalent results. (b) Acid. "Acid" means the grams of total acidity, calculated as anhydrous citric acid, per 100 grams of canned orange juice. Total acidity is determined by titration with standard sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as indicator. (c) Brix-acid ratio. The "brix-acid ratio" is the ratio of the degrees Brix of the canned orange juice to the grams Standard bromide-bromate solution-prepared and standardized to 0.099N in accordance with Chapter 42, Standard Solutions in the current edition of the AOAC.1 For use, add 1 volume of standard solution to & volumes of water to make 0.0247N solution. 1 ml. of 0.0247N solution supplies bromine to react with 0.00085g., or 0.0010 ml., of d-limonene. The solutions are stable for & months. 2-Propanol-Reagent grade ACS (American Chemical Society). Dilute hydrochloric acid-prepared by adding 1 volume of concentrated acid to 2 volumes of water. Methyl orange indicator-0.1 percent in water. (1) Pipette 25 ml. of well-mixed sample (juice or reconstituted juice) into the distillation flask containing carborundum chips or glass beads, and add 25 ml. of 2-Propanol. (ii) Distill into a 150 ml. beaker. Continue distilling until solvent ceases to reflux then remove the flask from the heater. (iii) Add 10 ml. of dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 drop of indicator. (An alternative method would be to prepare a solution containing 5 ml. of indicator and 1,000 ml. of dilute hydrochloric acid-then add 10 ml. of this acid-indicator mix to the 150 ml. beaker.) (iv) Titrate with the dilute bromate solution while stirring. The major portion of the titrant may be added rapidly, but the endpoint must be approached at about 1 drop per second. Disappearance of color indicates the endpoint. (v) Determine the reagent blank by titrating three separate mixtures of 25 ml. 2-Propanol and 10 ml. of dilute hydrochloric 1"AOAC" refers to the Official Methods of Analysis published by the Association of Official Analytical (formerly Agricultural) Chemists. Copies may be obtained from the Association at Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington, D.C. 20044. Subpart-United States Standards for Grades of Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice SOURCE: 52.1581 to 52.1592 appear at 29 FR. 12575, Sept. 4, 1964, unless otherwise noted. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION, STYLES, GRADES § 52.1581 Product description. Frozen concentrated orange juice (or frozen orange juice concentrate) is the product as defined in the standards of identity (28 F.R. 10900, 21 CFR 27.109) issued pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. § 52.1582 Styles. (a) Without sweetener. The Brix value of the finished concentrate is not less than 41.8 degrees and shall be such that when reconstituted according to directions, the reconstituted juice tests not less than 11.8 degrees Brix. (b) With sweetener. The Brix value of the finished concentrate is not less than 42.0 degrees and shall be such that, when diluted according to directions. the reconstituted juice contains not less than 11.8 percent, by weight, of soluble orange solids. § 52.1583 Grades. (a) "U.S. Grade A" (or "U.S. Fancy") is the quality of frozen concentrated orange juice that reconstitutes properly and of which the reconstituted juice: (1) Has an appearance similar to that of fresh orange juice, (2) has a very good color, (3) is practically free from defects, (4) possesses a very good flavor, and (5) scores not less than 90 points when scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart. (b) "U.S. Grade B" (or "U.S. Choice") is the quality of frozen concentrated orange juice that reconstitutes properly, and of which the reconstituted juice: (1) Has a good color, (2) is reasonably free from defects, (3) possesses a good flavor, and (4) scores not less than 80 points when scored in accordance with the scoring system outline in this subpart. (c) "Substandard" is the quality of frozen concentrated orange juice that fails to meet the requirements of U.S. Grade B. FILL OF CONTAINER § 52.1584 Recommended fill of container. The recommended fill of container is not incorporated in the grades of the finished product since fill of container, as such, is not a factor of quality for the purposes of these grades. It is recommended that the container be as full of frozen concentrated orange juice as practicable without impairment quality. § 52.1585 FACTORS OF QUALITY of Ascertaining the grade of a sample unit. (a) General. The grade of a sample unit of frozen concentrated orange juice is ascertained by considering the faculty of reconstituting properly and the appearance of the reconstituted juice, which are not scored; the ratings for the factors of color, defects, and flavor which are scored; the total score; and the limiting rules which may be applicable. (b) Factors rated by score points. The relative importance of each factor which is scored is expressed numerically on the scale of 100. The maximum number of points that may be given such factors are: spectral quality approximating that of daylight under a moderately overcast sky and a color temperature of 7500 degrees Kelvin, ±200 degrees. (3) The USDA Orange Juice Color Standards range from yellow-orange to yellow color, with USDA OJ 1 being the most orange color in the series. (b) Procedure in evaluating color. (1) Place the product in a clear glass test tube of 1 inch diameter. (2) Arrange color standards in a test tube rack or similar device so that light coming from above strikes the standards at a 45 degree angle. The standards are inclined at a 45 degree angle against a neutral grey background. Observe the standards and product at right angles to the tubes. (3) Classify the juice after inserting the tube of juice where it bests fits in the series of color standards. Orange juice differing in color and brightness from the most nearly matching USDA Orange Juice Color Standard is evaluated by considering the amount of difference and its effect on the total appearance of the juice. (c) Availability of color standards. The USDA Orange Juice Color Standards cited in this section are official color standards which may also be applied to other orange juices. Information regarding these color standards, and their availability, may be obtained from: Processed Products Standardization and Fruit and Vegetable Division, (d) (A) Classification. Frozen concentrated orange juice of which the reconstituted juice possesses a very good color may be given a score of 36 to 40 points. "Very good color" means a very good yellow to yellow-orange color that is bright and typical of rich-colored fresh orange juice. Frozen concentrated orange juice that meets this criterion may be assigned score points in accordance with the following schedule: As compared with USDA Orange Juice Color Standards: Score (points) (e) (B) Classification. If the reconstituted juice possesses a good color, a score of 32 to 35 points may be given. Frozen concentrated orange juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade B, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). "Good color" means that the color is the yellow to yellow-orange color typical of fresh orange juice which may be dull but is not off color for any reason. Frozen concentrated orange juice that meets this criterion may be assigned score points in accordance with the following schedule: As compared with USDA Orange Score (sjujod) 35 84 Better than USDA OJ 6 but not as good as USDA OJ 5... Equal to USDA OJ 6.... Not as good as USDA OJ 6------- 33 or 32 (f) (SStd.) Classification. If the reconstituted juice fails to meet the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section a score of 0 to 31 points may be given. Frozen concentrated orange juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above Substandard, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). (a) General. The factor of defects concerns the degree of freedom from small seeds and portions thereof; from discolored specks, white flakes, harmless extraneous material, and other similar defects; from recoverable oil; and from juice sacs and particles of membrane, core, and peel in excess of that normally present in orange juice. (b) Definitions-(1) Small seeds and portions thereof. "Small seeds and portions thereof" means seed, whether fully developed or not, and particles of seed that could pass readily through round perforations 3 inch (3.2 mm.) in diameter. (2) Recoverable oil. "Recoverable oil" means oil recoverable by the method outlined in this subpart. (c) (A) classification. Frozen concentrated orange juice of which the reconstituted juice is practically free from defects may be given a score of 18 to 20 points. "Practically free from defects" means that any combination of defects present may no more than slightly detract from the appearance or drinking quality of the juice, and that there may be no more than 0.035 milliliter of recoverable oil per 100 milliliters of the reconstituted juice. (d) (B) classification. If the reconstituted juice is reasonably free from defects, a score of 16 or 17 points may be given. Frozen concentrated orange juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade B, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). "Reasonably free from defects" means that any combination of defects present may not seriously detract from the appearance or drinking quality of the juice, and that there may be no more than 0.040 milliliter of recoverable oil per 100 milliliters of the reconstituted juice. (e) (SStd.) Classification. Frozen concentrated orange juice that fails to meet the requirements of paragraph (d) of this section may be given a score of 0 to 15 points and shall not be graded above Substandard, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). [29 F.R. 12575, Sept. 4, 1964, as amended at 33 F.R. 11884, Aug. 22, 1968; 33 F.R. 15199, Oct. 11, 1968] |