(b) (B) Classification. If the reconstituted juice possesses a good flavor, a score of 32 to 35 points may be given. Frozen concentrated orange juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade B, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). "Good flavor" means that the flavor is similar to that of fresh orange juice and is free from abnormal flavors and off flavors of any kind. score in this classification the frozen concentrated orange juice-irrespective of style or area of production-shall have a Brix value to acid ratio of not less than 10 to 1.

Το

(c) (SStd.) Classification. If the frozen concentrated orange juice fails to meet the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section, a score of 0 to 31 points may be given. Frozen concentrated orange juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above Substandard, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). [29 FR 12575, Sept. 4, 1964, as amended at 31 FR 881, Jan. 22, 1966] EXPLANATIONS AND METHODS OF ANALYSES § 52.1590 Definitions of terms and methods of analyses.

(a) Reconstituted juice. "Reconstituted juice" means the product obtained by thoroughly mixing the concentrate with the amount of water prescribed on the label or other appropriate directions.

(b) Reconstitutes properly. "Reconstitutes properly" means that the concentrate goes into solution readily; and that in approximately 250 ml. of the reconstituted juice, after standing four (4) hours at a temperature of not less than 68 degrees Fahrenheit in a clear glass cylinder (approximately 14 inches (30 mm.) in diameter), there may be a noticeable separation of suspended matter but any resulting zone of greater clarity shall be definitely turbid and not clear or transparent.

(c) Acid. "Acid" means the percent by weight of total acidity, calculated as anhydrous citric acid, in frozen concentrated orange juice. Total acidity is determined by titration with standard sodium hydroxide solution, using phenolphthalein as indicator.

(d) Brix value. "Brix value" in frozen concentrated orange juice is the refractometric sucrose value determined in accordance with the "International Scale of Refractive Indices of Sucrose Solutions" and to which the applicable correction for acid is added (see Table I of this subpart for corrections). The measurement of Brix value is determined on the thawed concentrate in accordance with the refractometric method for sugars and sugar products, outlined in the "Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists."

(e) Brix value-acid ratio. The Brix value-acid ratio is the ratio of the Brix value of the concentrate in degrees Brix to the grams of anhydrous citric acid per 100 grams of concentrate.

TABLE I-CORRECTIONS FOR OBTAINING BRIX VALUE

(1) Pipette 25 ml. of well-mixed sample (juice or reconstituted juice) into the distillation flask containing carborundum chips or glass beads, and add 25 ml. of 2-Propanol.

(11) Distill into a 150 ml. beaker. Continue distilling until solvent ceases to reflux then remove the flask from the heater.

(iii) Add 10 ml. of dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 drop of indicator. (An alternative method would be to prepare a solution containing 5 ml. of indicator and 1,000 ml. of dilute hydrochloric acid-then add 10 ml. of this acid-indicator mix to the 150 ml. beaker.)

(iv) Titrate with the dilute bromate solution while stirring. The major portion of the titrant may be added rapidly, but the endpoint must be approached at about 1 drop per second. Disappearance of color indicates the endpoint.

(v) Determine the reagent blank by titrating three separate mixtures of 25 ml. 2Propanol and 10 ml. of dilute hydrochloric acid with indicator-without refilling the burette. Divide the total ml. of titrant used by three to obtain the average blank. Subtract the average blank thus obtained from the ml. of titrant used to titrate the distillate.

(vi) Multiply the remainder by 0.004 to obtain the percent recoverable oil by volume in the juice sample.

129 FR 12575, Sept. 4, 1964, as amended at 33 FR 11884, Aug. 22, 1968]

Subpart-United States Standards for
Grades of Canned Pears

SOURCE: §§ 52.1611 to 52.1625 appear at 38 FR 13330, May 21, 1973, unless otherwise noted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION, STYLES, GRADES § 52.1611 Product description.

(a) "Canned pears" means the canned product prepared from properly prepared, mature pears, as such product is purported to be in the standards of identity for canned pears (21 CFR 27.20; 27.24) issued pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

(b) For the purposes of the standards in this subpart, the canned pears are peeled and the term "canned pears" includes "canned pears", "canned spiced pears", and "canned artificially sweetened pears" as defined in the aforesaid standards of identity.

§ 52.1612 Styles.

(a) "Halves" or "halved" canned pears are peeled pears, with cores and stems removed, cut longitudinally from stem to calyx into approximate halves.

(b) "Quarters" or "quartered" canned pears are peeled pears, with cores and stems removed, cut longitudinally from stem to calyx into approximate quarters.

(c) "Slices" or "sliced" canned pears are peeled pears, with cores and stems removed, cut longitudinally from stem to calyx into approximately equal segments smaller than quarters.

(d) "Dice" or "diced" canned pears are peeled pears, with cores and stems removed, cut into approximate cubes.

(e) "Whole" canned pears are peeled, cored or uncored, whole pears with or without stems removed.

(f) "Mixed pieces of irregular sizes and shapes" are peeled and cored cut units of canned pears that are predominantly irregular in size and shape which do not conform to a single style of halves, quarters, slices, or dice and which may consist of:

(1) Units (commonly called "salad cuts" or "salad pieces" or "chunk style"), which may have been prepared originally as pear halves but which are irregular in size and shape in that more than onefourth of the unit appears to have been removed at the outer curved surface and which have been cut further into pieces;

(a) "U.S. Grade A" (or "U.S. Fancy"), is the quality of halves, quarters, slices, diced, or whole canned pears that:

(1) Possess similar varietal characteristics;

(2) Possess a normal flavor and odor; (3) Possess a good color;

(4) Are practically uniform in size and symmetry;

(5) Are practically free from defects; (6) Possess a good character; and (7) For those factors which are scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart the total score is not less than 90 points:

(8) Provided, That halves, quarters, slices, diced, or whole pears may possess

a reasonably good color and may be fairly uniform or reasonably uniform in size and symmetry, if the total score is not less than 90 points.

(b) "U.S. Grade B" (or "U.S. Choice"), is the quality of halves, quarters, slices, diced, whole, or mixed pieces of irregular sizes and shapes of canned pears that: (1) Possess similar varietal character

istics;

(2) Possess a normal flavor and odor; (3) Possess a reasonably good color; (4) Are reasonably uniform in size and symmetry for the applicable style;

(5) Are reasonably free from defects; (6) Possess a reasonably good character; and

(7) For those factors which are scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart the total score is not less than 80 points:

(8) Provided, That halves, quarters, slices, diced, or whole canned pears may be fairly uniform in size and symmetry, if the total score is not less than 80 points.

(c) "U.S. Grade C" (or "U.S. Standard"), is the quality of halves, quarters, slices, diced, whole, or mixed pieces of irregular sizes and shapes of canned pears that:

(1) Possess a normal flavor and odor; (2) Possess a fairly good color; (3) Are fairly uniform in size and symmetry for the applicable style;

(4) Are fairly free from defects; (5) Possess a fairly good character; and

(6) For those factors which are scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart the total score is not less than 70 points.

(d) "Substandard" is the quality of canned pears that fail to meet the applicable requirements of U.S. Grade C and is the quality of canned pears that may or may not meet the minimum standard of quality for canned pears issued pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

LIQUID MEDIA, FILL OF CONTAINER, DRAINED WEIGHTS, AND FILL WEIGHTS § 52.1614 Liquid media and Brix meas

urements.

"Cutout" requirements for liquid media in canned pears are not incorporated in the grades of the finished product since

sirup or any other liquid medium, as such, is not a factor of quality for the purposes of these grades. The designa

Designations

tions of liquid packing media and the Brix measurements, where applicable, are as follows:

Brix measurement

18° or more but less than 22°. 14 or more but less than 18°. Less than 14°.

10° or more but less than 14°.

Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable.

minimum

(a) General. (1) The drained weight recommendations for the various applicable styles in table I of this subpart are not incorporated in the grades of the finished product since drained weight, as such, is not a factor of quality for the purposes of these grades. recommended (2) The minimum drained weights are based on equilization of the product 30 days or more after the product has been canned.

(b) Method for ascertaining drained weight. The drained weight of canned pears is determined by emptying the contents of the container, turning the seed cavities down in halves, upon a U.S. Standard No. 8 circular sieve, of proper diameter, containing 8 meshes to the inch (0.0937-inch±3 percent, square openings) so as to distribute the product evenly, inclining the sieve slightly to facilitate drainage, and allowing to drain for 2 minutes. The drained weight is the weight of the sieve and pears less the weight of the dry sieve. A sieve 8 inches in diameter is used for the equivalent of No. 3 size cans (404 x 414) and smaller, and a sieve 12 inches in diameter is used

for containers larger than the equivalent of the No. 3 size can.

(c) Definitions of symbols. (1) X The average drained weight of all the sample units in the sample.

(2) LL-Lower limit for drained weights of individual sample units.

(d) Compliance with recommended drained weights. A lot of canned pears is considered as meeting the minimum drained weight recommendations if the following criteria are met:

(1) The average of the drained weights from all the sample units in the sample meets the recommended average drained weight (designated as X), in tables I, II, and III; and

(2) The number of sample units which fail to meet the recommended minimum drained weight for individuals (designated as LL) in tables I, II, and III does not exceed the applicable acceptance number specified in the single sampling plan of table IV.

TABLE I.-RECOMMENDED MINIMUM DRAINED WEIGHTS FOR CANNED PEARS

Styles of quarters; slices, mixed pieces of irregular sizes and shapes]

§ 52.1617 Recommended fill weights.

(a) General. The minimum fill weight recommendations for the various applicable styles in tables V, VI, and VII of this subpart are not incorporated in the grades of the finished product since fill weight, as such, is not a factor of quality for the purpose of these grades.

(b) Method for ascertaining fill weight. The fill weight of canned pears for the applicable styles is determined in accordance with the U.S. Standards for Inspection by Variables and the U.S. Standards for Determination of Fill Weights.

(c) Definitions of terms and symbols. "Subgroup" means a group of sample units representing a portion of a sample.

X'min-means the minimum lot average fill weight.

LWL means the lower warning limit for subgroup averages.

LRL means the lower reject limit for subgroup averages.

LWL-means the lower warning limit for individual fill weight measurements.

LRL-means the lower reject limit for individual fill weight measurements. R'-means a specified average range value. Rmax-means a specified maximum rangefor a subgroup.

"Sampling allowance code" means a letter on the sampling allowance chart of the U.S. Standards for Inspection by Variables. This letter identifies the appropriate line which gives the amount of sampling allowance to be applied to the specification average for fill weights in order to determine compiance with requirements for fill weight averages for a sample.

(d) Subgroup size. The subgroup size for the determination of fill weights shall be 5 sample units.

(e) Compliance with recommended fill weights. Compliance with the recommended fill weights for canned pears shall be in accordance with the acceptance criteria specified in the U.S. Standards for Inspection by Variables and the U.S. Standards for Determination of Fill Weights.