our ornamental and semi-ornamental hedges will cost double that.

(12) Devices.-The use of wire with hedges is a combination of considerable value under certain conditions. It serves to make an ornamental hedge able to hold back an animal that happens to break loose. I have found it equally useful against interlopers and fruit thieves. The wire may be entirely concealed by skillful interweaving through the branches of the hedge. I have known of such a hedge, when somewhat dilapidated, being used as a background or trellis for climbing roses. These almost entirely covered the original hedge and became an object of remarkable beauty.

We are not shut out entirely from devices for wet land. I never saw a willow hedge of much use except where it ran along by wet places. Yet a close grove of willows makes a splendid protection against the northwest. Let such a hedge pass on into the form of a windbreak, and then front it with a row of red bark dogwood, a bush which remarkably enjoys itself in marshy ground. Plant it freely and you will say that of all hedges in winter it is the most beautiful. As the leaves fall in autumn the bark turns a beautiful crimson, and retains a warm glow throughout the winter. Nothing in the shrubbery equals it for contrast with the unbroken white of the snow. A single bush will grow only to a hight of ten feet, and fifteen feet in diameter. It does not, therefore, need any severe cutting or pruning. For a moist swale it is just the thing, but it will grow finely on a dry knoll, only much more slowly, and not to above half the size.

Either have a good hedge, or none at all. A poor hedge is unsightly and a nuisance. If by the roadside, and untrimmed or poorly trimmed, it scratches the pedestrian who passes by, and in wet weather it brushes him with its wet branches. If bordering a drive it disgraces the owner instead of honoring him. If I were to sum up this section, I should say that, under ordinary conditions, I should prefer the buckthorn for the general purposes which I have indicated, and as likely to endure all the provocations likely to be inflicted upon it by carelessness and negligence.

Note 1.-It may be necessary to add a note on winter injury to hedges. This will rarely if ever occur where the wood has not been weakened by too late or improper trimming. A very thorough report on hedges injured during the winter of 1898 says: "The neglected hedges, that is, those having one year's growth or more on the old stalks, came out universally alive. On a new purchase of 240 acres I had some three miles of untrimmed hedge, a considerable part of which had been neglected for some years. We trimmed about 100 rods in January, just before the noted cold spell; this was badly injured. The remainder was trimmed after March 1st, and made a fine new growth. Ninety per cent of our hedges throughout this section are dead, and this much is certain, that the hedge not trimmed during the winter or just previous to the winter is all right." From personal observation I am satisfied that winterkilling may be in all cases traced to enfeeblement of the plants by improper trimming.

Note 2.--Kerosene emulsion, for spraying

FIG. 4.

hedges infested with lice, should always be kept on hand. It is made by dissolving one pound of hard soap in one gallon of hot water; to this add three gallons of kerosene. Churn together with a force pump for ten minutes, or until the materials are. thoroughly assimilated into a mass, semi-fluid, and much like the best soft soap. Store this for usage, and it will keep for several weeks or months. When needed, use about one pint to a pail of water. If this solution does not prove strong enough to kill the lice, double the quantity of the emulsion. Let the spray be applied as soon as the lice appear, and so thoroughly, that the undersides of the leaves will be well wetted. Use the McGowan nozzle, adjusted to any good spraying pump.

GROUND PLAN OF SUBURBAN HOME, WITH

FRUIT GARDEN.

Street:

CHAPTER III.

HEDGES FOR SMALL LAWNS, OR FOR DIVIDING LAWNS; AND WITHOUT SPECIAL REGARD TO UTILITY.

The distinction which I here draw between hedges strictly ornamental and those which are both ornamental and useful, is one that cannot be strictly carried out, for every hedge is useful and every hedge ought to be ornamental. Yet there is a distinction which owners of landscape gardens thoroughly appreciate.

SECTION I-MATERIAL.

In the line of deciduous ornamental hedges I do not believe that anything can surpass the Tartarian honeysuckles. These occur in several shades of color, and are somewhat varied in vigor of growth. The pink-flowering is the most robust, sending up strong shoots with great rapidity, and when these are injured, renewing them quickly. The red-flowering is very handsome, and hardly inferior to the pink for hedging. The white-flowering is several degrees feebler in shoots, and it is less vigorous every way. Whichever color is selected, if you wish for an even growing hedge, do not select but one color. In May the flowering is astonishingly profuse, filling the whole air with sweetness. I should like to know where one can find a more charming sight than such a hedge in full bloom, unless it be the same hedge

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when loaded with berries in July and August. These are of different shades of color, according to the color of the flowers. The pink-flowering produces a fine carmine berry. Of the value of these berries as bird food I shall speak in another place.

The lilac has some value as a hedge plant, but easily grows ugly with age, while the intense suckering tendency of the plant decreases the blossoming power of the bushes. The Persian lilacs will do much. the best, provided you have room for them; but a good Persian lilac hedge will require from ten to fifteen feet in diameter. The show of flowers will be inconceivably beautiful during May, and after that the bushes are dense enough to make a very good windbreak. Set the bushes eight or ten feet apart, or if you prefer, set them five feet apart, and later remove every other bush. At the best the inside branches of any lilac will die out every year, and must be carefully removed. Josikea and Charles X are later-blooming varieties, with stout trunks, and can be used in the hedge form. Some of the more recently developed varieties are far better, but at present somewhat costly. I have seen the common white lilac used as a hedge, but with nothing to recommend it, except that it served as a windbreak, and would turn a stray animal.

The Weigelas are among the prettiest plants for hedge rows, but more particularly the variegatedleaved sort. This is one of the handsomest of all shrubs, as its variegation is clear and bright and lasting. It is not in the least sickly in hue, like many variegations. It has a drooping but compact form, and in florescence is a marvel of beauty. As it is