AHISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES AND ITS PEOPLE

FROM THEIR EARLIEST RECORDS TO THE PRESENT TIME

BY

ELROY MCKENDREE AVERY

IN FIFTEEN VOLUMES
VOLUME II

THE

CLEVELAND

THE BURROWS BROTHERS
COMPANY ~~~~MCMV

HE purpose back of this book is the same as that set forth in the preface to its predecessor. The reception given to that volume has justified the important features of the original plan.

I had accepted, almost as an axiom, the fact that "history cannot be written upon one scale or for one purpose only; that the needs of the public are very different from those of the professed student."

I felt sure that the general public would approve an avoidance of "abysmal notes, overladen with trivial details, and told with such portentous long-windedness that only professional students, examinees, schoolmasters and their pupils really master them."

I had been influenced by Frederic Harrison's statement that "our analytic and microbic Research immensely overshadows our co-ordinating activity."

I thought that it was possible to write so that what was written would be actually read and easily understood and still to avoid falling into the quicksands of blunders, partisanship, and curious delusions.

With such beliefs, and with a strong desire to be clear and fair and accurate, this second volume, like the first, has been written. I hope that they who read it will find that I have not failed.

The tendencies of the period covered by this volume seem to me to afford a good example of the unity of our colonial history which compels its study by what Mr. Sloane well describes as transverse sections rather than by longitudinal fibers."

Cleveland, August, 1905

ELROY M. AVERY

vii

Introductory: Lists of Maps and Illustrations; Old Style and
New Style; Some European Rulers; Brief Summary of Events.

I. Champlain and New France (1600-35)

II. The Evolution of a Colonial System

III. Virginia Under the Charter (1602-24)

IV. The Settlement at Manhattan (1609-28)

V. The Growth of Separatism in England

(1580-1600)

VI. The Pilgrims (1600-30)

I

20

33

80

94

103

VII. The Council for New England (1620-38) 138

VIII. Massachusetts Bay (1625-32)

IX. The Old Dominion (1624-74)

148

170

218

X. Maryland Before the Restoration (1623-60) 198

XI. New Netherland (1628-64)

XII. New Sweden (1627-55).

XIII. Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson.

(1633-63)

. 255

XV. Annexation and Confederation (1640-54) 338

XVI. Massachusetts Troubles (1634-61).

XVII. The Puritan and the Heretic (1640-61).

XVIII. A Glimpse at Plymouth (1633-61).

A List of the "Mayflower" Passengers

Colonial Governors .

This portrait is attributed with considerable probability to Vandyke. The original hangs in the senate chamber of the Massachusetts State House. Signature:

From an original autograph letter, dated March 14, 1629, now in the New
York Public Library (Lenox Building).

Coat of Arms:

Reproduced in colors of original from Vermont's America Heraldica,
plate xvii.

Map Illustrating the Period of Champlain (with map
of the Huron country in corner)

Title-page of Champlain's Des Savvages

This is the earliest printed account of New France, and relates to Cham-
plain's expedition of 1603 (Paris, 1604).

Photographed from the original in the New York Public Library (Lenox
Building).

Map of the Bay of Fundy (illustrating the period

Facsimile of Champlain's Map of Port Royal and

3

of Champlain)

4

View of Fort

5

Reproduced from Les Voyages du Sieur de Champlain (Paris, 1613); copy
in the New York Public Library (Lenox Building).

Map of Dochet (Saint Croix) Island, where Champlain and De Monts first Settled

5

Showing also by dotted lines the old coast-line and the location of Cham-
plain's and De Monts's settlements, as they appear on Champlain's maps of
the island.

6

From Champlain's Voyages (Paris, 1613) in the New York Public
Library (Lenox Building).

Montmorency Falls

6

From recent photograph furnished by the Richelieu and Ontario Naviga-
tion Company.