ings, and taking the account of the trial in the Gospels as entitled to that credence which contemporary history generally claims, I, as a Jew, do say, that it appears to me, Jesus became the victim of fanaticism, combined with jealousy and lust of power in Jewish hierarchs, even as in later ages, Huss and Jerome of Prague, Latimer and Ridley, became the victims of fanaticism, combined with jealousy and lust of power in Christian hierarchs. And while I, and the Jews of the present day, protest against being identified with the zealots who were concerned in the proceedings against Jesus of Nazareth, we are far from reviling his character, or deriding his precepts, which are indeed, for the most part, the precepts of Moses and the prophets. You have heard me style him the great teacher of Nazareth, for that designation, I and the Jews take to be his due. No enlightened Jew can, or will deny, that the doctrines taught in his name have been the means of reclaiming the most important portion of the civilized world from gross idolatry, and of making the revealed word of God known to nations, of whose very existence the men who sentenced him were, probably, ignorant. Nor do I, and the Jews of the present day, stand alone in this view, since it was held by the great Maimonides 600 years ago."

The lecturer closed his interesting discourse by a reference to the administration of the other procurators, the outbreak of the war of independence, and the character of Josephus the historian, to whom he was by no means favourable. British Friend.

globes or umbrella-like forms. Thus, season after season, plants perish and add to the soil, which is at the same time increased in depth by the disintegration of the rock over which it is laid, which is quickened by the operations of vegetable life. The minute seeds of the ferns floating on the breeze now find a sufficient depth of earth to germinate in, and their beautiful fronds eventually wave in loveliness to the passing winds. Plants of a higher and a higher order gradually succeed each other, each series perishing in due season, and giving to the soil additional elements for the growth of their own species or those of others. Flowering plants find a genial home on the once bare rock; and the primrose pale, the purple foxglove, or the gaudy poppy, open their flowers to the joy of light. Eventually the tree is seen to spring from the soil; and where once the tempest beat on the bare cold rock, is now the lordly and branching tree, with its thousand leaves, affording shelter from the storm for the bird and the beast.-R. Hunt in Pharmaceutical Times.

The following anecdote is taken from a periodical called the Golden Rule.

A BEAUTIFUL REPLY.-A young girl about seven years old, was asked by an atheist how large she supposed her God to be; to which she, with admirible readiness, replied: "He is so great the heavens cannot contain him, and yet so kindly condescending, as to dwell in my little heart."

DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETABLE LIFE.

The progress by which the surface of the earth becomes covered with vegetable life is sufficiently curious to merit some of our attention. Let us suppose the bare surface of a rock under the action of those changes which all bodies exposed to atmospheric influences undergo. In a little time we shall discover upon its face little coloured cups or lines, with small hard disks. These at first sight would never be taken for plants, but on close examination they will be found to be lichens. These minute plants shed their seed and die, and from their own remains a more numerous crop springs into life. After a few of these changes, a sufficient depth of soil is formed, upon which mosses begin to develope themselves, and give to the stone the first faint tint of green, which, although a mere film, indicates the presence of a beautiful class of plants, which, under the microscope, exhibit in their leaves and flowers many points of singular beauty. These mosses, like the lichens, decaying, increase the film of soil, and others of a larger growth supply their places, and run themselves the same round of growth and decay. By and bye fungi of various kinds mingle their little

WISDOM AND ZEAL.

Two ships were aground at London Bridge. The proprietors of one sent for a hundred horses and tore it to pieces. Those of the other waited for the tide, and then with sails and rudder directed it as they pleased.-Charles Simeon.

"GOD IS LOVE."

1 JOHN 4: 8.

I cannot always trace the way
Where Thou, Almighty one, dost move;
But I can always, always say

That "God is Love."

When fear her chilling mantle flings
O'er earth, my soul to heaven above,
As to her sanctuary, springs,
For God is Love."

When mystery clouds my darkened path,
I'll check my dread, my doubts reprove:
In this my soul sweet comfort hath,
That "God is Love."

The entanglement which restless thought,
Mistrust, and idle reasoning move,
Are thus unravelled and unwrought,—
For "God is Love."

Yes, "God is Love"-a thought like this
Can every gloomy thought remove,
And turns all tears, all woes to bliss,
"For God is Love."

COMMITTING THE SOUL TO THE SAVIOUR. Into thy hand I commit my spirit; thou hast redeemed me,

O Lord God of Truth "-Psalm 31: 5.

My spirit on thy care,

Blest Saviour, I recline;
Thou wilt not leave me to despair,
For Thou art love divine.

In Thee I place my trust,

On Thee I calmly rest;

I know thee good-I know thee just,
And count Thy choice the best.
Whate'er events betide,

Thy will they all perform;
Safe in thy breast my head I hide,
Nor fear the coming storm.

Let good or ill befall,

It must be good for me; Secure of having Thee in all, Of having all in Thee.

EVENING THOUGHTS.

It is good, when we lay on the pillow our head,
And the silence of night all around us is spread,
To reflect on the deeds we have done in the day,
Nor allow it to pass without profit away.
A day-what a trifle-and yet the amount
Of the days we have passed, form an awful account;
And the time may arrive, when the world we would give,
Were it ours, might we have but another to live.
In whose service have we through the day been employed
And what are the pleasures we mostly enjoyed?
Our desires and our wishes, to what did they tend-
To the world we are in, or the world without end?
Hath the sense of His presence encompassed us round,
Without whom not a sparrow can fall to the ground?
Have our hearts turned to Him with devotion most true,
Or been occupied only with things that we view?
Have we often reflected how soon we must go
To the mansions of bliss, or the regions of wo?
Have we felt unto God a repentance sincere,
And in faith to the Saviour of sinners drawn near?
Let us thus with ourselves solemn conference hold,
Ere sleep's silken fetters our senses unfold;
And forgiveness implore for the sins of the day,
Nor allow them to pass unrepented away.

REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS IN EUROPE.

It is impossible to regard the events now in progress in France and the south of Europe without great anxiety. Our dates from Paris are to the 9th of last month. Although tranquillity appeared to be restored for the moment, the schools and other institutions renewing their sessions, and the First day of the week having been observed as customary in that gay and licentious metropolis, yet there are evidently causes at work which render extremely uncertain the preservation of peace, even during the month which was to elapse before the National Assembly could meet. The labouring classes, aware of the power with which they have been suddenly invested, are disposed to secure for themselves privileges incompatible with the existence of society. They have called upon the Provisional Government, to decree an increase of wages, to shorten the hours of labour, and to require landlords to accept, during the crisis, one-half the usual

rents. To some of their requisitions the new authorities had yielded; but finding that concession increased the demands, they were compelled at length to resist them. The result is not yet known. Among other causes tending to anarchy, is the prevalence of "community principles." These views, which even in this country, where honest industry seldom fails of its reward, are not without their advocates, are urged with great vehemence in France. Assuming that the inequalities which exist in the social condition of men are to be ascribed to avarice and oppression alone, and forgetting that those very differences are the great means by which Providence designs to stimulate us to the due exercise of our faculties by placing before us the rewards of toil, the communists assail the rights of property, and recklessly urge the equal division of lands and profits, with other schemes as extravagant as they are destructive of the happiness and true elevation of the labouring classes. Already one of the railway companies in Paris has been obliged to declare that hereafter all the labourers in its employ, shall, beside their regular wages, receive a portion of the profits. A meeting of influential individuals has been held, in which it is declared that these principles must be introduced into all associations for industrial purposes. Such views carried out amidst the ferment of the public mind in the most excitable community in Europe, forebode nothing but evil. In about two weeks a National Assembly, composed of 900 persons, chosen by universal suffrage, under circumstances of the highest excitement, is to convene in order to form a fundamental law. Lamartine, Minister of Foreign Affairs, has issued a Circular to the Diplomatic Agents of France, written in the eloquent and impressive style of that distinguished poet and historian. It contains much to excite hope, if it were not so strongly marked by the peculiar vagueness which characterizes French state papers. Nor, while it strongly affirms that peace is the wish of France, can we overlook the singular declaration that certain treaties to which that government was a party, are to be at once abrogated. Belgium is said to have recognised the new Republic. Prussia is in a state of great excitement, and it would seem that the peace of Europe was likely to be first broken, by the rising of Neufchatel, a province which now belongs to this kingdom, although formerly a part of France. In Italy everything is in commotion. It is difficult to see how, with the views which Austria has always adhered to, a disastrous war can be prevented in that country, so often the great battle field of Europe.

It is satisfactory to find the English ministry assuming the position of non-interference, with the sanction apparently of the whole community. The mind naturally reverts to the immense sacrifice of life and treasure which resulted from the efforts to unite the whole of Europe against Napoleon, and it may be fairly considered as an evidence of progress, when, without a dissenting voice, the British people manifest a determination not again to mingle in the contest between monarchy and republicanism. The following eloquent passage from Lord Palmerston's speech in Parliament will be read with interest:

"We have endeavoured, said his lordship, to extend the commercial relations of this country, and to place them, where extension was not required, on a firmer basis, and on a footing of greater

security. I think that in that respect we have done good service to the country; and I hold that, with respect to alliances, England is a power sufficiently strong and potent to steer her own course, and need not tie herself as a necessary appendage to the policy of any other country. I hold that the real policy of England, as separate from questions which involve her own particular political and commercial interests, is to be the champion of justice and of right. In pursuing that course with moderation and prudence, not becoming the Quixote of the world, but giving the weight of her moral sanction and support wherever she thinks justice is in pursuing that course, and in pursuing the more limited direction of our own particular interests, my conviction is, that, as long as England keeps herself in the right, and as long as she wishes to promote no injustice--as long as she wishes to countenance no wrong, as long as she seeks legitimate interests of her and sympa. own, thizes with right and justice in reference to others, she never will find herself altogether alone, but will be sure to find some other State of sufficient power, influence, and weight to support her in the course which she should think fit to pursue. There fore I say that it is narrow policy to suppose that this country or that country is to be marked out as our eternal ally or our eternal enemy. We have no eternal allies and enemies. Our interests are eternal, and these it is our duty to follow. When we find other countries marching in the same course, and pursuing the same objects, we so long consider them as fellow companions in the same path, and regard them with the most cordial feeling; and when we find other countries pursuing an opposite course, and thwarting us, it is our duty to make allowances for their different conduct, and not to pass too harsh a judgment on them because they do not exactly see things in the same light as we do. It is our duty not lightly to engage this country in the dreadful responsibilities of war, because from time to time we may find this or that Power disinclined to concur with us. That has been, as far as possible, the guiding principle of my conduct, and if I may be allowed to express in one sentence the principles which ought, in my mind, to guide an English statesman, I would adopt the expression of Mr. CANNING, and say to every British Minister, that the interest of England ought to be the Shibboleth

of Peace."

The precarious state of the health of the head of the English Ministry, and other circumstances, are said to have induced their resignation. However this may be, the peace policy appears to be so universally sanctioned, that no departure from it is likely to occur.

Some disturbances have occurred in several towns in England and Scotland, but they were readily put down by constabulary force.

Bread is said to be cheaper in London than it has ever been known to be since a record of its price has been kept. C.

SUMMARY OF NEWS. CONGRESS.-The Loan Bill passed the Senate on the 28th. The Oregon Territorial Bill has been under discussion in the House. Resolutions expressive of sympathy with the cause of republicanism in France, have been offered in both

Houses.

PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATURE.-The Senate has been chiefly engaged upon the General Appropria tion Bill. The House has passed an act to encour age the further developement of the mineral resources of Pennsylvania, and a supplement to the act laying a duty on the retailers of merchandize, making a very considerable increase in these duties.

JOHN JACOB ASTOR, the richest man in the United States, died on the 29th ult., in his 85th year. From biographical sketches, published in some of the papers, it appears that he was born in 1763, in the Duchy of Baden, in Germany, and came to this country when a very young man. He was then poor, but by industry and skill, he at length acquired sufficient property to engage in the fur trade, in which he accumulated the immense wealth, estimated at nearly twenty millions of dollars, which he now leaves behind him. It is under

stood, that by his will, the sum of $400,000 is left for the establishment in the city of New York, of a library for the free use of the public.

AN IMPORTANT INVENTION.-An ingenious man at Boonsboro, Md., has invented a process for hulling wheat. The outer husk or skin of the berry is removed very perfectly before grinding. This prevents the great loss of farina which now results from grinding the whole together, and so saves from forty to fifty pounds of wheat in making a barrel of flour.

A melancholy circumstance occurred in this city, on the 3d inst., which furnishes a fresh intimation of the necessity of examining the atmosphere of close rooms or vessels where fermenting liquors are kept, before venturing in them. At a vinegar establish ment belonging to Robert and Joseph S. Richie, a coloured man descended into a large vat, which had been filled with vinegar, and the liquid drawn off, except a thick sediment on the bottom. Soon after he entered the vessel, his situation attracted the attention of Joseph S. Richie, who attempted to descend along a ladder to his relief; but before reaching the bottom he was overpowered by the gas and fell. The vat was at length overset, and access thus obtained to the helplesss bodies; but life was extinct, and all efforts at resuscitation proved unavailing. Joseph S. Richie leaves a widow and four children; the coloured man had no family.

It ought to be known that a lighted candle let down into a vessel containing this suffocating gas, will be immediately extinguished; and thus its presence is detected. Air, in which a candle will not burn, is not safely respirable.

WANTED,

At Friends' Boarding School, New Garden, North Carolina, a Teacher for the boys' school. Apply to the editor of Friends' Review, Philadelphia, Samuel Boyd Tobey, Providence, R. I., or to Thos. T. Hunt, Superintendent, New Garden, Guilford Co., N. C.

Friends in the country who may wish coloured boys or girls on their farms, from 8 to 14 years old, may apply to the Bedford Street School, between South and Shippen streets, above Seventh.