ADORE usage, however. ] The term is also applied to a ceremonious manifestation of respect and submission shown by the cardinals to the pope after his election.-2. Homage, or an act of homage, paid to one in high esteem or place; profound reverence; the utmost respect, regard, or esteem; the highest degree of love, as of a man for a woman; heart's devotion. How does he love me? With aderations, fertile tears, With groans that thunder love, with sighs of fire. Shak. 3. A mode by which the cardinals in conclave sometimes elect the Roman pontiff. In adoration, unlike scrutiny, the cardinals rush hastily, as if actuated by some overpowering internal impulse, and elect a pope by acclamation.-4. In art, a pictorial representation of the adoration of the infant Jesus by the magi and the shepherds. Adore (a-dor), v. t. pret. & pp. adored; ppr. adoring [L adoro, to ask in prayer, to adore-ad, to, and oro, to ask. Root or, seen also in os, oris, the mouth.] 1. To worship with profound reverence; to address with exalted thoughts by prayer and thanksgiving, to pay divine honours to; to honour as a god or as divine. Bishops and priests bearing the host which he publicly adored.' Sinollett. God shall be all in all. But, all ye gods, Adore him, who to compass all this dies; Ader the Son, and honour him as me. Milton. 2 To honour and regard in the highest degree; to regard with the utmost esteem, love, and respect; to love in the highest degree, as a man a woman. The people appear adoring their prince. Tatler. Make future times thy equal act adore. Pope. When he who adores thee has left but the name Of his faults and his follies behind, Moore. Adore † (a-dōr'), v.t. (L. ad, to, and aurum, gold) To gild; to adorn. Like to the hoar Congealed drops which do the morn adore. Spenser. Adorement (a-dōr'ment), n. Adoration; worship. Adorement of cats, lizards, and beetles.' Sir T. Browne. Adorer (a-dor'èr), n. 1. One who adores: (a) one who worships or honours as divine; one who admires or esteems greatly. An adorer of truth.' Clarendon. (b) One who esteems or respects highly; a lover; an admirer. I profess myself her adorer, not her friend.' Shak. Adoring (a-dōr′ing), n. Act of adoration; act of homage paid by a lover. And soft aderings from their loves receive. Keats. Adoringly(a-dör'ing-li), adv. With adoration. Adorn (a-dorn'), v. t. [L. adorno-ad, to, and orno, to deck or beautify.] 1. To deck or decorate; to add to beauty or attractiveness by dress or ornaments; hence, in general, to set off to advantage; to render pleasing, or more pleasing or attractive; to embellish; as, to adorn a speech by appropriate action, sentiments with elegance of language, or a gallery with pictures. To point a moral and adorn a tale.' Johnson. A bride adorneth herself with her jewels. Is. lxi. 10. Loveliness Needs not the foreign aid of ornament, Batis, when unadorned, adorned the most. Thomson. 2 To display the beauty or excellence of; as, to adorn the doctrine of God. Tit. ii. 10. SYN. To deck, decorate, embellish, ornament, beautify, grace, garnish, dignify, exalt, honour-Adorn, Decorate, Embellish. Adorn, to enhance the beauty of an object; to make a real addition to the beauty or attractiveness of a thing, so that it is more pleasing as a whole. It may be used of what is purely moral; as, many virtues adorn his character. Decorate, to add something for the purpose of adornment; to beautify or attempt to beautify by the addition of something external and material-something which tends to attract notice to itself as a detail or part of a whole; as, to decorate one's self with flowers or feathers; to decorate a room with wreaths of flowers or hangings. Embellish, to deck, beautify, or ornament for the purpose of attracting attention: often used of gaudy or meretricious ornament. Adorn + (a-dorn'), n. Ornament. Her breast all naked as nett yvory, Without adorne of gold or silver bright. Spenser. Adorn↑ (a-dorn), a. Adorned; decorated. Made so adorn for thy delight.' Milton. Adornate (a-dor'nāt), v. t. To adorn. To adornate gardens.' Frampton. Adornation (ad-or-na'shon), n. Ornament. Memory is the soul's treasury, and thence she hath her garments of adornation. Wits' Commonwealth, Such and such pictures; there the window; such The adornment of her bed. Shak Adorsed, Adossed (a-dorst', a-dost'), a. [Fr. adossée, part. of adosser, to set back to back, from dos, L. dorsum, the back.] In her. applied to any two animals, birds, fishes, or other bearings placed back to back. Adosculation (ad-os'kūla"shon), n. [L. ad, to, and osculatio, a kissing, from osculum, a kiss, or little mouth, dim. of os, oris, the mouth. See ORAL.] 1. In bot. (a) the impregnation of plants by the falling of the farina on the pistils. (b) The inserting of one part of a plant into another.-2. In physiol. impregnation by external contact merely, and not by intromission, as in fishes. Adossed. See ADORSED. Two dolphins adorsed. Adown (a-doun), prep. [Prefix a, off, and down, A. Sax. of-dune, off or from the down or hill.] 1. From a higher to a lower situation; down: implying descent. Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair. Dryden. 2. From top to bottom of; along the length of; downwards; all along. Full well 'tis known adown the dale, Though passing strange indeed the tale. Percy, Reliq. From a higher to a Adown (a-doun'), adv. lower part; downward; down; to or on the ground. Crept adown to where the waters slept.' Tennyson. 'Thrice did she sink adown,' Spenser. (Gr. a, without, and Adoxa (a-doks'a), n. doxa, glory.] A genus of plants, nat. order Caprifoliace. The only species, A. moschatellina (moschatel), is a little inconspicuous plant, 4 or 5 inches high, found in woods and moist shady places in all parts of Europe. The pale-green flowers have a musky smell, and the plant is much sought after by the curious for the sake of its modest delicate appearance. In bot. a term Adpressed (ad-prest'), a. applied to branches or leaves which rise parallel and close to the stem, and are brought into contact with it without adhering to it. Adpromissor (ad-pro-mis'or), n. [L] In Rom. law, an accessory to a promise in order to give a stipulator greater security. Ad quod damnum. [L] In law, a writ to inquire whether certain liberties to be granted by the crown, as a fair, highway, &c., will be to the public damage. Adragant (ad'ra-gant), n. Gum-tragacanth. Adread (a-dred'), a. [O. E. adrad, adradde --prefix a, in, or a (for of), intens., and dread. See DREAD.] Affected by dread. Thinking to make all men adread.' Sir P. Sidney. Adreamt (a-dremt'), pp. or a. Used only in the phrase, I was adreamt, for, I dreamed. I was adreamt on thee too. Webster. [In Oxfordshire adreamt means dosing. Halliwell.] Adrianople-red (ad' ri- an-ō-pl-red), n. [From Adrianople, a city of Turkey. ] Turkey-red: a dyer's term for red obtained from madder. Adriatic (ad'ri-at-ik), a. [L. Adriaticus or Hadriaticus, Adriatic, pertaining to Adria or Hadria, a town between the mouths of the Po and the Adige.] Pertaining to the gulf called, from Venice, the Gulf of Venice. Adriatic (ad'ri-at-ik), n. The Gulf of Venice; a sea that washes the eastern coast of Italy. Adrift (a-drift'), a. or adv. [Prefix a, on, and drift, a driving or floating. See DRIVE.] 1. Floating at random; impelled or moving without direction; not fastened by any kind of moorings; at the mercy of winds and currents as an adjective it always follows its noun. Trees adrift down the great river.' Milton. ADULARIA Adrogate (ad'rỏ-gát), v.t. To adopt by adrogation. Clodius, the enemy of Cicero, was adregated into a plebeian family. Smith, Dict. Antiq. Adrogation (ad-ro-ga'shon), n. [L. adrogatio, arrogatio-ad, to, and rogo, to ask, whence rogation, interrogation.] A species of adoption in ancient Rome, by which a person capable of choosing for himself was admitted into the relation of a son by a vote of the Comitia Curiata, or in later times a rescript of the emperor: so called from the questions put to the parties. Written also Arrogation. All the later writers, call the kind of adoption which was confirmed by a law of the people an adrogation. Middleton. Adroit (a-droit'), a. [Fr. adroit, dexterous -a, to, and droit, right, as opposed to left (comp. dexterous, from L. dexter, right); Pr. dreit, It. dritto, diritto, from L. directus, straight di for dis, and rego, rectum, to guide straight.] Dexterous; skilful; active in the use of the hand, and, figuratively, in the exercise of the mental faculties; ingenious; ready in invention or execution. 'Adroit mechanics.' Prof. Bain. He (Halifax) was adroit in intrigue; and it was difficult, even for shrewd and experienced men, who had been amply forewarned of his perfidy, to withstand the fascination of his manner, and to refuse credit to his professions of attachment. Macaulay. SYN. Dexterous, skilful, ingenious, expert, ready. Adroitly (a- droit 'li), adv. In an adroit manner; with dexterity; readily; skilfully. Use yourself to carve adroitly and genteelly. Chesterfield. Adroitness (a-droit'nes), n. The quality of being adroit; dexterity; readiness in the use of the limbs or of the mental faculties. Adroitness was as requisite as courage. Motley. Adry (a-dri'), a. or adv. [Prefix a for of intens., and dry.] Thirsty; in want of drink. Doth a man that is adry desire to drink in gold? Adscititious (ad-si-ti 'shus), a. [From L. adscisco, ascisco, to take knowingly, to appropriate ad, to, and sciscor, to seek to know, an inceptive from scio, to know.] Added; taken as supplemental; additional; not requisite. Burton. The fourth epistle on happiness may be thought adscititious, and out of its proper place. F. Warton. Adscititiously (ad-si-ti'shus-li), adv. In an adscititious manner. Adscript (ad'skript), n. [L. adscriptus, pp. of adscribo, to enrol-ad, to, and scribo, to write.] One who is held to service as attached to some object or place; as, when a slave is made an adscript of the soil. Adscriptive (ad - skript'iv), a. Held to service as attached to some object or place, as a serf or slave. terms. Many estates peopled with crown peasants have been ceded to particular individuals on condition of establishing manufactories; these peasants, called adscriptive, working at the manufactories on fixed Brougham. Adscriptus glebæ (ad - skrip'tus glê'bė). [L.] Belonging or attached to the soil, as a serf. This term was in Rome applied to a class of slaves attached in perpetuity to and transferred with the land they cultivated. Colliers and salt-workers in Scotland were in a similar position till the passing of 15 Geo. III. xxviii. Adsignification (ad-sig'ni-fil-kā"shon), n. A modification of meaning by means of a prefix or suffix. Tooke. Adsignify (ad - sig'ni-fi), v. t. To add signification or meaning to a word by a prefix or suffix. Tooke. [Rare.] Adstipulator (ad-stip'u-lât-ér), n. In law, an accessory party to a promise, who has received the same promise as his principal did, and can equally receive and exact pay Adstringent (ad-strin'jent). See ASTRINAdularia (ad-û-lâ'ri-a), n. [From Adula, the summit of St. Gothard, where fine specimens are got.] A very pure, limpid, translucent variety of the common felspar, called by lapidaries moonstone, on account of the play of light exhibited by the arrangement of its crystalline structure. It is found on ADULATE the Alps, but the best specimens are from Ceylon. Adulate (ad'u-lat), v. t. [See ADULATION.] To show feigned devotion to; to flatter servilely. It is not that I adulate the people, Adulation (ad-u-lä'shon), n. [L. adulatio, adulationis, a fawning. Origin doubtful, many etymologies being suggested; as, ad, and root ul-Gr. oura, a tail, the primary sense being to wag the tail like a fawning dog; ad, and aula, a hall, the primary sense being to wait in the hall, as a Roman client on his patron; ad, and ululo, to whine like a dog; ad, and Gr. doulos, a slave.] Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is merited; high compliment. Adulation pushed to the verge, sometimes of nonsense, and sometimes of impiety, was not thought to disgrace a poet. Macaulay. -Adulation, Flattery, Compliment. Adulation, praise proceeding from a fawning servile spirit, and generally intended to produce some ulterior advantage to the bestower of such homage; flattery, praise bestowed to gratify the vanity of the object of it, with or without a purpose on the part of the flatterer; compliment is less strong and more sincere than flattery, and may be the expression of the respect or esteem the bestower entertains for the recipient. Adulator (ad'ū-lāt-ér), n. A flatterer; one who offers praise servilely. Adulatory (ad'û-lāt-o-ri), a. Flattering: containing excessive praise or compliments; servilely praising; as, an adulatory address. You are not lavish of your words, especially in that species of eloquence called the adulatory. Chesterfield. Adulatress (ad'ū-lāt-res), n. A female adulator or flatterer. Adullamite (a-dulʼam-it), n. A member of a party of the more moderate Liberals who seceded from the Whig leaders and voted with the Conservatives on the occasion of 44 2. Debased by foreign mixture; adulterated. 'Adulterate copper.' Swift. Adulterately (a-dul'tér-at-li), adv. In an adulterate manner. Adulterateness (a-dul'tér-at-nes), n. The quality or state of being adulterated or debased. Adulteration (a-dul'tér-a"shon), n. The act of adulterating, or the state of being adulterated or debased by foreign mixture; the use of ingredients in the production of any professedly genuine article, which are cheaper and of a worse quality, or which are not considered so desirable by the consumer as other or genuine ingredients for which they are substituted. The adulteration of liquors, drugs, tea, bread, beer, &c., is punishable by law. See further in extract. Adulteration, a term not only applied in its proper sense to the systematic mixture of articles of commerce, food, drink, drugs, &c., with noxious or inferior ingredients, but also by magistrates and analysts to accidental impurity, and even in some cases to actual substitution. The chief objects of adul teration are to increase the weight or volume of the article, such as water added to milk, butter, &c.; to give a colour which either makes a good article more pleasing to the eye or else disguises an inferior one, as Prussian blue, black lead, &c., to green teas, annatto to cheese, alum to bread, &c.; to substitute a cheaper form of the article, or the same substance from which the strength has been extracted, as tea mixed with spent leaves; and to give it a false strength, as cocculus indicus to beer and alcohol to wine. Рор. Енсу. One who Adulterator (a-dul'tér-at-ér), n. adulterates. Adulterer (a-dul'tèr-ér), n. [Formed either from the E. verb adulter, or more probably from L. adulter, with an additional English noun termination.] 1. A man guilty of adultery; a married man who has sexual commerce with any woman except his wife. See ADULTERY. 2. In Scrip. an apostate from the true faith; a very wicked person. Jer. ix. 2; xxiii. 14; Jam. iv. 4. Adulteress (a-dul'tèr-es), n. 1. A woman guilty of adultery.-2. In Serip, a woman guilty of apostasy from the true faith. Jam. iv. 4. ADVANCE natural union. -6.† Adulteration; corruption. All the adulteries of art.' B. Jonson. 7. Injury; degradation; ruin. You might wrest the caduceus out of my hand to the adultery and spoil of nature. B. Jonson. Adultness (a-dult'nes), n. The state of being adult. Adumbrant (ad-um'brant), a. [L. adumbrans, ppr. of adumbro. See ADUMBRATE.] Giving a faint shadow, or showing a slight resemblance. Adumbrate (ad-um'brat), v. t. [L. adumbro, to shade-ad, and umbra, a shade.] 1. To give a faint shadow of; to exhibit a faint resemblance of, like a shadow; to indicate or give tokens of by resemblance or correspondence; to shadow forth. Heaven is adumbrated by all positive excellences. Decay of Piety. Both in the vastness and the richness of the visible universe the invisible God is adumbrated. Is. Taylor. 2. To overshadow, partially darken, or conceal. Nor did it (a veil) cover, but adumbrate only Her most heart-piercing parts. Marlowe. Adumbration (ad-um-bra'shon), n. 1. The act of adumbrating or making a shadow or faint resemblance. 2. A faint sketch; an imperfect representation of a thing; something that suggests by resemblance, or shadows forth. Our knowledge is . . . at best a faint confused adumbration. Glanville. In distracted black magical phantasmagory,adumbrations of yet higher and higher alliances hover stupendously in the back-ground. Carlyle. 3. In her. the shadow only of a figure, outlined, and painted of a colour darker than the field. Adumbrative (ad-um'bra-tiv), a. Shadowing forth; faintly resembling; suggesting by resemblance. Adumbratively (ad-um'bra-tiv-li), adv. In an adumbrative manner. Adunation (ad-ū-nā'shon), n. [L. ad, to, and unus, one.] The state of being united; union. 'Real union or adunation.' Boyle. Earl Russell and Mr. Gladstone introducing Adulterine (a-dul'tèr-in), a. 1. Proceeding Aduncity (ad-un'si-ti), n. [L. aduncitas, a measure for the reduction of the elective franchise in 1866. They received the name from their being likened by Mr. Bright to the political outlaws who took refuge with David in the cave of Adullam; 1 Sam. xxii. 1, 2. The party was also known collectively as The Cave. Adult (a-dult'), a. [L. adultus, grown to maturity, from oleo, to grow. See ADOLESCENCE.] 1. Having arrived at mature years, or to full size and strength; as, an adult person or plant. The elaborate reasonings of the adult man.' Herbert Spencer. 2. Pertaining or relating to adults; suitable for an adult; as, adult age; adult school. Adult (a-dult'), n. A person, animal, or plant grown to full size and strength; one who has reached the age of manhood or womanhood. Adulted+ (a-dult'ed), p. and a. Completely 'Adultering The person He adulters still; his thoughts lie with a whore. B. Jonson. 2. To pollute; to adulterate. spots.' Marston. Adulterant (a-dul'tér-ant), n. or thing that adulterates. Adulterate (a-dul'tér-at), v. t. pret. & pp. adulterated; ppr. adulterating. [L. adultero, from adulter, mixed, or an adulterer-ad, to, and alter, other.] 1. To debase or deteriorate by an admixture of foreign or baser materials; as, to adulterate liquors; to adulterate drugs; to adulterate coffee. The present war has... adulterated our tongue with strange words. Spectator. 2. To give a hybrid character to. 'Excellent forms of grafting and adulterating plants and flowers.' Peacham. SYN. TO corrupt, debase, contaminate, vitiate, sophisticate. Adulteratet (a-dul'tér-āt), v.i. To commit adultery. But Fortune, oh! She adulterates hourly with thine uncle John. Shak Adulterate (a-dul'tèr-ät), a. 1. Tainted with adultery. The adulterate Hastings.' Shak. from adulterous commerce. 'An adulterine bastard.' Sir F. Palgrave.-2. Debased; spurious. When any particular class of artificers or traders thought proper to act as a corporation, without a charter, such were called adulterine guilds. Adam Smith. Adulterine (a-dul'tèr-in), n. In civil law, a child begotten in adultery. Adulterize (a-dul'tér-iz), v.i. To be guilty of adultery. Milton. [Rare.] Adulterous (a-dul'tér-us), a. 1. Guilty of adultery; pertaining to adultery.-2. Illicit: said of combinations or relations of any kind. Some of our kings have made adulterous connections abroad. Burke. 3. Spurious; corrupt; adulterated. Forged and adulterous stuff.' Trans. of Casaubon. [Rare.]—4. In Scrip. faithless in religion; very wicked. Mat. xii. 39. Adulterously (a-dul'tér-us-li), adv. In an adulterous manner. Adultery (a-dul'tér-i), n. [L. adulterium. See ADULTERATE.] 1. Violation of the marriage-bed; a crime or a civil injury which introduces or may introduce a spurious offspring into a family. When committed between two married persons it is sometimes termed double adultery; and when only one of the parties is married it is termed single adultery. In many continental countries adultery is regarded as a criminal offence, but in none does the punishment exceed imprisonment for a short period accompanied by a fine. In England, formerly, it was punished by fine and imprisonment, and in Scotland it was frequently made a capital offence. In Great Britain at the present day, however, it is punishable only by ecclesiastical censure. But when committed by the wife, adultery is regarded as a civil injury, and forms the ground of an action of damages against the paramour. No corresponding action is competent to the wife either in England or America. Adultery forms the most common ground of divorce. See DIVORCE.-2. In Scrip. (a) all manner of lewdness or unchastity, as forbidden by the seventh commandment. Mat. v. 28. (b) Idolatry or apostasy from the true God. Jer. iii. 8.-3. In old laws, the fine and penalty imposed for the offence of adultery.4. Eccles. the intrusion of a person into a bishopric during the life of the bishop.— 5. In old arboriculture, the grafting of trees, from the process being considered as an un hookedness-ad, to, and uncus, a hook. J Hookedness; a bending in form of a hook. 'The aduncity of the pounces and beaks of the hawks. Pope and Arbuthnot. Aduncous (ad-ungk'us), a. [L. aduncus, hooked. See ADUNCITY.] Hooked; bent or made in the form of a hook. Ad unguem (ad un'gwem). [L] To the nail, or touch of the nail; exactly; nicely. Adunque t (ad-ungk'), a. Aduncous; hooked. Adure † (ad-ür'), v.t. (L'aduro-ad, and uro, 'Parrots have an adunque bill.' Bacon. to burn.] To burn up. Bacon. Adurent't (ad-ür'ent), a. [L. adurens, ppr. of aduro. See ADURE.] Burning; heating. Bacon. Adust (a-dust'), a. [L. adustus, burned, the participle of aduro, to burn. See ADURE.] 1. Burned; scorched; become dry by heat; hot and fiery. The Libyan air adust.' Müton.-2. Looking as if burned or scorched. 'A tall, thin man, of an adust complexion.' Sir W. Scott.-3. † In med. having much heat: said of the blood and other fluids of the body; hence, ardent; sanguine; impetuous. The same adust complexion (temperament) has impell'd Charles to the convent, Philip to the field. Pope. Adustedt (a-dust'ed), a. Become hot and dry; burned; scorched. Howell. Adustiblet (a-dust'i-bl), a. Capable of being burned up. Available. Adustion (a-dust'yon), n. 1. The act of burn- Now morn, her rosy steps in the eastern clime ADVANCE 2. To impel; to incite. That lewd ribauld with vyle lust advaunst.' Spenser.-3. To promote; to raise to a higher rank; as, to advance one from the bar to the bench.4 To commend; to extol; to praise. 'Greatly advancing his gay chivalrie. Spenser.-5. To raise; to enhance; as, to advance the price of goods.-6. To improve or make better, to benefit; to promote the good of; as, to advance one's true interests. As the calling dignifies the man, so the man much more advances his calling. South. 7. To forward in time; to accelerate the growth of; as, to advance the growth of plants-8. To offer or propose; to bring to view or notice, as something one is prepared to abide by; to allege; to adduce; to bring forward; as, to advance an opinion or an argument.-9. To put forth or exhibit with a view to display. [Rare.] And every one his love-feat will advance Unto his several mistress. Shak. 10. In com, to supply beforehand; to furnish on credit, or before goods are delivered, or work done; or to furnish as a part of a stock or fund; to supply or pay in expectation of reimbursement; as, to advance money on loan or contract, or towards a purchase or establishment. They advanced the money out of their own funds, and took the sheriff's deeds in their own name. Kent. 11. To raise; to lift up; to elevate. They ... advanced their eyelids.' Shak. O, peace! Contemplation makes a rare turkey. cock of him: how he jets under his advanced plumes! Shak. A cherub tall; Who forthwith from the glittering staff unfurled Th' imperial ensign; which, full high advanced, Shone like a meteor. Milton. SYN. To bring forward, forward, promote, further, raise, elevate, exalt, improve, heighten, accelerate, allege, adduce, assign. Advance (ad-vans'), v. i. 1. To move or go forward; to proceed; as, the troops advanced-2 To improve or make progress; to grow better, greater, wiser, or older; as, to advance in knowledge, in stature, in wisdom, in rank or dignity, or in years.— 3. To rise in rank, office, or consequence; as, he rapidly advanced through all the grades of promotion. Advance (ad-vans), n. 1. A moving forward or towards the front; a march forward. 2 Gradual progression; improvement; as, an advance in religion or knowledge.3 Advancement; promotion; preferment; as, an advance in rank or office.4. An offer or tender. The advance of kindness which I made was feigned. Dryden. 5. First step towards the attainment of any result to be brought about by the mutual consent of different parties; as, A made an advance towards a reconciliation with B. In this sense it is very frequently used in the plural. The amours of an empress require the plainest advances. Gibbon. 6. In com. (a) addition to price; rise in price; profit; as, an advance on the prime cost of goods; there is an advance on cottons. (b) A giving beforehand; a furnishing of something before an equivalent is received, as money or goods, towards a capital or stock, or on loan, or in expectation of being reimbursed in some way; as, A made large ad rances to B. I shall, with great pleasure, make the necessary advances. Jay. The account was made up with intent to show what advances had been made. Kent. (e) The money or goods thus furnished. In adrance, (a) in front; before; as, the cavalry marched in advance. (b) Beforehand; before an equivalent is received. They paid you in advance the dearest tribute Junius. of their affection. (c) Used adjectively, in the sense of having made an advance; as, A is in advance to B a thousand pounds. Advance (ad-vans), a. Being before, either in time or place; beforehand, or in front; advanced; as, advance money; advance guard-Advance fosse, advance moat, advance ditch, in fort. a ditch thrown round the esplanade or glacis of a place. Advanced (ad-vanst), p and a. in front or before others. Hence-2. In the front, as regards intellectual, scientific, political, or moral progress, and the like; as, an advanced Liberal. Advanced men of science.' H. Spencer. 'The most ad 1. Situated 45 vanced strategic ideas of the day.' Grote. 'The more advanced European thinkers." Buckle.-3. Having reached a comparatively great length of years; as, he is now at an advanced age. Advancement (ad-vans'ment), n. 1. The act of moving forward or proceeding2. The act of promoting, or state of being promoted; preferment; promotion, in rank or excellence; improvement; furtherance. 3. Settlement on a wife, or jointure. Bacon. 4. In law, provision made by a parent for a child during the parent's life, by gift of property to which the child would be entitled as heir after his parent's death.-5. The payment of money in advance; money paid in advance. SYN. Progress, progression, improvement, proficiency, promotion, exaltation, elevation, preferment, enhancement. Advance-note (ad-vans'nōt), n. A draft on the owner or agent of a vessel, generally for one month's wages, given by the master to the sailors, on their signing the articles of agreement. Advancer (ad-vans'ér), n. 1. One who advances; a promoter.-2. A branch of a buck's horn, the second from the base. Advancive, Advansive (ad-vans'iv), a. Tending to advance or promote. [Rare.] Advantage (ad-van'tāj),n. [O. Fr. advantage, Fr. avantage, that which forwards, from avant, before. See ADVANCE.] 1. Any state, condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means specially favourable to success, prosperity, interest, reputation, or any desired end; anything that aids, assists, or is of service; as, he had the advantage of a good constitution, of an excellent education; the enemy had the advantage of elevated ground. The advantages of a close alliance. Macaulay. Advantage is a better soldier than rashness. Shak. What advantage will it be to thee? Job xxxv. 3. Shak And with advantage means to pay thy love. Shak. Advantage (ad-van'tāj), v.t. pret. & pp. advantaged; ppr. advantaging. 1. To bring advantage to; to be of service to; to benefit; to yield profit or gain to. What is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world, and lose himself, or be cast away? Luke ix.25. 2. To gain ground, or win acceptance for; to promote or further. [Rare and obsolete.] The Stoics that opinioned the souls of wise men dwelt about the moon, and those of fools wandered about the earth, advantaged the conceit of this effect. Sir T. Browne. 3. To increase, as by interest. Advantaging their love with interest of ten times double gain of happiness.' Shak. Advantageable (ad-van'taj-a-bl), a. Profitable; convenient; gainful. [Rare.] It is advantageable to a physician to be called to the cure of declining disease." Sir J. Hayward. Advantage-ground (ad-van'tāj-ground), n. Ground that gives advantage or superiority; a state that gives superior advantages, as for annoyance or resistance; vantage-ground. Clarendon. Advantageous (ad-van-tā'jus), a. Being of advantage; furnishing convenience or opportunity to gain benefit; gainful; profitable; useful; beneficial; as, an advantageous position of the troops; trade is advantageous to a nation. Some advantageous act may be achieved By sudden onset. Milton. SYN. Opportune, convenient, profitable, beneficial, useful, gainful. Advantageously (ad-van-tă'jus-li), adv. In an advantageous manner; profitably; usefully; conveniently. It was advantageously situated, there being an easy passage from it to India by sea. Arbuthnot. Advantageousness (ad-van-ta'jus-nes), n. The quality or state of being advantageous; profitableness; usefulness; convenience. The last property, which qualifies God for the fittest object of our love, is, the advantageousness of his to us, both in the present and the future life. Boyle. ADVENTURE Advectitious (ad-vek-tish'us), a. [L. advectitius, from adveho, to conduct-ad, to, and veho, to carry.] Brought from another place. Advene (ad-ven'), v. i. [L. advenio, to come to-ad, to, and venio, to come.] To accede, or come to; to be added to, or become a part of, though not essential. Where no act of the will adrenes as a co-efficient.' Coleridge. [Rare.] Advenient (ad-vē'ni-ent), a. Advening; coming from outward causes; superadded. Divided from truth in themselves, they are yet farther removed by advenient deception. Sir T. Browne. Advent (ad'vent), n. [L. adventus, an arrival, from advenio-ad, to, and venio, to come.] 1. A coming; approach; visitation. 'Death's dreadful advent.' Young. With the advent of the empire all this was destined to undergo a complete change. Merivale. Specifically-2. The coming of our Saviour. Hence-3. A period including four Sundays before Christmas, beginning on St. Andrew's day, or on the Sunday nearest to it either before or after it, appointed by the English and other Christian Churches, to be kept as a season of devotion, with reference to the coming of Christ in the flesh, and his second coming to judge the world. Advent is first mentioned as a period to be observed by the church on the occasion of the Synod of Lerida in 524 A.D. Adventitious (ad-ven-tish'us), a. [L. adventitius, from advenio. See ADVENT. ] 1. Added extrinsically; not essentially inherent; foreign; accidentally or casually acquired: specifically, in fine arts, applied to that which does not properly belong to a subject, but which is adopted in a picture or other work of art to give it additional power or effect. Th' adventitious fire rais'd by high meats.' Bowles. To things of great dimensions, if we annex an adventitious idea of terror, they become beyond comparison greater. Burke. 2. In bot. applied to anything produced in an abnormal position, as leaf-buds on the surface of a stem, or roots from the aerial stems or branches, as in the banian-tree. Adventitiously (ad-ven-tish'us-li), adv. In an adventitious or extrinsic manner; accidentally. Adventitiousness (ad-ven-tish'us-nes), n. The state of being adventitious. Adventive (ad-vent'iv), a. 1. Accidental; adventitious. "The relative and adventive characters of offences.' Bacon. Specifically2. In bot. applied to plants not commonly indigenous appearing spontaneously in a country. One who or Adventivet (ad-vent'iv), n. that which comes from without. That the natives be not so many, but that there may be elbow-room enough for them, and for the adventives also. Bacon. Adventry (ad-ven'tri), n. An enterprise; an adventure. Act a brave work, call it thy last adventry. B. Jonson. Adventual (ad-vent'u-al), a. Relating to the season of advent. Bp. Sanderson. Adventure (ad-ven'tūr), n. [O. Fr. adventure, aventure, Fr. aventure, Sp. Pr. aventura, It. avventura, L.L. adventura, aventura, from L. aventurus, about to arrive, fut. part. of advenio, adventum, to arrive. (See ADVENT.) The same word appears in G. as abenteur, M.H.G. aventiure.] 1. Hazard; risk; chance. At all adventures' (that is, at all hazards). Shak. To try the fair adventure of to-morrow." Shak - 2. A hazardous enterprise; a bold and dangerous undertaking of uncertain issue. He forged, But that was later, boyish histories Of battle, bold adventure, dungeon, wreck. Tennyson. 3. A speculation of any kind, commercial, financial, or mining; specifically, a speculation in goods sent abroad.-4. A remarkable occurrence in one's personal history; a note-worthy event or experience in one's life; as, to tell all his adventures would fill a volume.-5. † Peril; danger. He was in great adventure of his life. Berners. -Bill of adventure, a writing signed by a merchant, stating that goods shipped in his name belong to another, the adventure or chance of which the person so named is to stand, with a covenant from the merchant to account to him for the produce. Adventure (ad-ven'tür), v. t. pret. & pp. adventured; ppr. adventuring. 1. To risk or Shak. Given I will adventure to be banished myself. Adventureful (ad-ven'tür-ful), a. to adventure; full of enterprise. Adventurer (ad-ven'tür-ér), n. 1. One who attempts or takes part in bold, novel, or extraordinary enterprises; thus the volunteers who went out in the reign of Queen Elizabeth to prey on the Spanish treasureships returning from America were adventurers; Sir Francis Drake had under him 2000 such adventurers. The Young Adventurer was an epithet applied to Prince Charles Edward Stuart. In modern times the word has almost lost this honourable signification, usually meaning-2. One who tries to keep up a certain status in society, and advance his fortune by expedients of a more or less discreditable, if not dishonest character; one who tries to push his fortunes by underhand or equivocal means; one who lives by a system of imposition.— 3. One who engages in an adventure or speculation; a speculator; a shareholder in working a mine. Adventuresome (ad-ven'tûr-sum), a. Bold; daring; incurring hazard. See VENTURE SOME. Adventuresomeness (ad-ven'tür-sum-nes), n. The quality of being bold and venture some. Adventuress (ad-ven'tur-es), n. A female adventurer; a female capable of bold enterprises, especially enterprises of equivocal character. It might be very well for Lady Bareacres.. and other ladies.. to cry fie at the idea of the odious adventuress making her curtsey before the sovereign. Thackeray. Adventurous (ad-ven'tūr-us), a. 1. Inclined or willing to incur hazard or engage in adventures; bold to encounter danger; daring; courageous; enterprising. In many a doubtful fight, Was never known a more advent'rous knight. Dryden. 2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring courage; as, an adventurous undertaking. And followed freedom on the adventurous tide. Shak In -Rash, Reckless, Adventurous. RASH. SYN. Bold, enterprising, daring, courageous, rash, foolhardy. Adventurously (ad-ven'tür-us-li), adv. an adventurous manner; boldly; daringly. They are both hanged, and so would this be, if he durst steal anything adventurously. Adventurousness (ad-ven'tür-us-nes), n. The quality of being adventurous. Adverb (ad'verb), n. [L. adverbium-ad, to, and verbum, a word, a verb.] In gram. one of the indeclinable parts of speech, so called from being frequently joined to verbs for the purpose of limiting or extending their signification; as, I fear greatly; I readily admit. They may also qualify adjectives; as, very cold; naturally brave; and other adverbs; as, very generally acknowledged; much more clearly. Adverbs may be placed either before or after the words they qualify. They may be classified as follows:1. Adverbs of time, as now, then, never, &c. 2. Of place, as here, there, where, &c. 3. Of degree, as very, much, nearly, almost, &c. 4. Of affirmation, negation, or doubt, as yes, no, perhaps, &c. 5. Of manner, as well, badly, clearly, &c. Adverbial (ad-vérb'i-al), a. 1. Pertaining to or having the character or structure of an adverb.2. Much inclined to use adverbs. He is also wonderfully adverbial in his expressions, and breaks off with a Perhaps and a nod of the head upon matters of the most indifferent nature. Tatler. Adverbially (ad-vèrb'i-al-li), adv. In the manner or with the force or character of an adverb. Adversablet (ad-vérs'a-bl), a. Contrary to; opposite to. Bailey. Adversaria (ad-vér-să'ri-a), n. [L. adversaria (scripta), lit. (writings) opposite each other, a note-book, journal, from adversus, 46 in front of, opposite ad, to, and verto, versum, to turn. See VERSION.] A miscellaneous collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a commonplace book. These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's adversaria. Bp. Hall. Adversarious (ad-ver-sa'ri-us), a. Adversary. Southey. [Rare.] Adversary (ad'vér-sa-ri), n. [L adversarius, opposite, opposing, an antagonist, an adversary. See ADVERSE.] 1. An enemy; a foe; an antagonist; an opponent. The Lord will take vengeance on his adversaries. Nah. i. 2. Specifically-2. An opponent or antagonist in a suit at law; an opposing litigant. Mat. v. 25; Luke xii. 58.-Adversary, Antagonist, Enemy. Adversary, one who is opposed to another, without necessarily having hostile feelings, one who takes an opposite side; it does not necessarily involve so close and personal a relation as that which exists between antagonists, an antagonist being one who strives personally against another for victory, the two being directly pitted against each other; an enemy is one who entertains feelings of personal hostility, and thus attempts, or at least desires, to injure a person. SYN. Antagonist, opponent, opposer, foe, enemy. Adversary (ad'vér-sa-ri), a. 1. Opposed; opposite to; adverse. Adversary forces. Bp. King. [Rare or obsolete.]-2. In law, having an opposing party, in contradistinction to unopposed; as, an adversary suit. Adversation (ad-ver-sa'shon), n. The state of being adverse; adverseness; opposition. Adversative (ad-vèrs'at-iv), a. Expressing difference, contrariety, or opposition; as, an adversative conjunction; thus, in the sentence, John is an honest man, but a fanatic, but has an adversative force, and is called an adversative conjunction. Adversative (ad-vèrs'at-iv), n. A word denoting contrariety or opposition. Adverse (ad'vèrs), a. [L. adversus, opposite -ad, to, and versus, turned, from verto, to turn.] 1. Acting in a contrary direction; conflicting; counteracting; opposing; as, adverse winds. With adverse blast up-turns them from the south, Milton. 2. Opposed to; hostile; inimical; as, an adverse party; adverse criticism.-3. Opposing desire; contrary to the wishes or to supposed good; hence, unfortunate; calamitous; pernicious; unprosperous; as, adverse fate or circumstances. He lived, we are told, to experience sport of adverse fortune. Merivale. -Adverse leaf, in bot. a leaf which has its margin turned towards the stem. -Adverse possession, in law, occupancy of realty without molestation which may at length ripen into an unimpeachable title.-SYN. Opposite, opposing, contrary, inimical, hostile, unfortunate, calamitous, unprosperous. Adverset (ad-vèrs'), v. t. To oppose. 'Fortune should him adverse.' Gower. Adversely (ad'vers-li), adv. In an adverse manner; oppositely; inimically; offensively; unfortunately; unprosperously; in a manner contrary to desire or success. If the drink you give me touch my palate adversely, I make a crooked face at it. Shak. Adverseness (ad'vers-nes), n. 1. Opposition; repugnance. This would account for an adverseness to all our overtures for peace. Hallam. 2. Adversity; unprosperousness; as, adverseness of circumstances. Adversifoliate, Adversifolious (ad-vers'. i-fō"li-át, ad-vèrs′i-fō"li-us), a. [L. adversus, opposite, and folium, a leaf.] In bot. having opposite leaves: applied to plants where the leaves are arranged opposite to each other on the stem. Adversity (ad-versi-ti), n. 1. An event, or series of events, which oppose success or desire; misfortune; calamity; affliction; distress; state of unhappiness. Ye have rejected God, who saved you out of all your adversities. 1 Sam. x. 19. Sweet are the uses of adversity, 2. Applied to a crabbed, cross-grained person. Well said, adversity.' Shak. -SYN. Calamity, misfortune, affliction, distress, misery. Advert (ad-vért'), v. i. [L. adverto-ad, to, and verto, to turn.] To turn the mind or attention; to regard, observe, or notice; to refer ADVERTISING or allude: now always with the preposition to before the object regarded, formerly sometimes with upon; as, he adverted to what was said, or to a circumstance that occurred. The mind of man being not capable at once to advert to more than one thing.' Ray. As I cannot be conscious of what I do not perceive, so I do not perceive that which I do not advert upon. That which makes me feel makes me advert. Wollaston Advert, Allude, Refer. Advert, to turn to directly, and it may be abruptly; allude, lit. to play upon-to refer to a thing slightly and without making any direct mention of it, it may be in a very vague and uncertain manner; refer, lit. to carry back-to bring a thing already well known into notice; to mention or speak of directly. He adverted to the king's well-known disinclination to and inaptitude for business, the supineness of the nation, and the lethargy of parliament. Smollett. These speeches of Jerome and Chrysostom do seem to allude unto such ministerial garments as were then in use. Hooker. To do good is the great duty to which Solomon refers in the text. Sharp. Advert (ad-vért), v. t. To advise, warn, or counsel. I can no more, but in my name advert All earthly powers beware of tyrant's heart. Mir. for Mags. Advertence, Advertency (ad-vért'ens, advért'en-si), n. A turning or directing of the mind; attention; notice; regard; consideration; heedfulness. To this difference it is right that advertence should be had in regulating taxation. 7. S. Mill. Advertent (ad-vért'ent), a. Attentive; heedful. Advertent lest he should be deceived." Sir M. Hale. In an Advertently (ad-vért'ent-li), adv. advertent manner. Advertise (ad-vér-tiz', formerly pronounced ad-vértiz), v.t. pret. & pp. advertised; ppr. advertising. [Fr. avertir, avertissant, to warn, to inform, from L. adverto, to turn, or direct towards-ad, to, and verto, to turn. See VERSION.] 1. To inform; to give notice, advice, or intelligence to, whether of a past or present event, or of something future. I will advertise thee what this people will do to thy people in the latter day. Num. xxiv. 14. I thought to advertise thee, saying, Buy it before the inhabitants and elders of my people. Ruth iv. 4. In this sense it has of before the subject of information when the subject is a noun; as, to advertise a man of his losses.-2. To give information to the public concerning to make public intimation of, as of anything for sale, lost or found, a meeting or entertainment, or the like; as, to advertise goods for sale, a house to let, a meeting of shareholders, a Christmas pantomime.-3. To instruct; to assist with counsel; to advise. Wherein he might the king his lord advertise Whether our daughter were legitimate. Shak SYN. To apprise, inform, make known, announce, proclaim, promulgate, publish. Advertise (ad-vér-tiz), v.i. To make public announcement of goods for sale or of anything of which it is desired to inform the public; to announce one's wishes or intentions by advertisement; as, if you wish to succeed in business, advertise. We have witnessed in later times scenes of blood enacted under his successors, and torments as cruel as the torture which he had abolished, inflicted on the very spot where he had advertised for a free statement of all the grievances of which his Italian subjects could complain. Brougham. Advertisement (ad-ver'tiz-ment), n. 1.+ The giving of notice; information; intelligence. An advertisement of danger.' Bp. Burnet, 'This advertisement is five days old.' Shak. 2. Instruction; advice; moral admonition. 'That is an advertisement to a proper maid to take heed.' Shak.-3. A written or printed notice intended to make something known to the public; especially a printed and paid notice in a newspaper or other public print. The best evidence of the enormous increase of advertising since that year (1853), will be found in the increase of newspapers, the advertisements in which are one of the main sources of their profits. Advertiser (ad-vér-tiz'êr), n. One who or that which advertises: a title often given to newspapers. M Culloch Advertising (ad-vér-tiz'ing, formerly pronounced ad-vér'tiz-ing), a. 1. Fond of using advertisements; furnishing many advertisements to newspapers; as, an advertising ADVESPERATE firm.-2+ Monitory, or active in giving advice or intelligence. As I was then Shak Advertising and holy to your business, Not changing heart with habit, I am still Attorney'd at your service. Advesperatet (ad-ves'pêr-at), v. i. [L. adresperascit, it grows towards evening-ad, to, and vesper, evening.] To draw towards evening. Bailey. Advice (ad-vis'), n. [O. Fr, advis, opinion; hence, expressed opinion, counsel-L ad, to, and visum, seen or judged proper, as in the expression visum est, it has seemed good to me. I think. See VISION.] 1. An opinion recommended, or offered, as worthy to be followed; counsel; suggestion. What adrice give ye?' 2 Chr. x. 9.-2. Deliberate consideration; reflection; cogitation. That's not suddenly to be performed, but with advice and silent secrecy. Shak. 3. Information; notice; intelligence; as, we have late advice from Paris of the outbreak of a revolution. Specifically-4. In com. a notification by one person to another in respect of a business transaction in which they are mutually engaged, as information given by one party to another, by letter, as to the bills or drafts drawn upon him.-To take advice, to consult with others; specifically, to consult one who has a special knowledge of a subject; to take the opinion of a professional or skilful man, as a physician, lawyer, and the like.-SYN. Counsel, admonition, recommendation, exhortation, persuasion, information, notice, intelligence. Advice-boat (ad-vis'bōt), n. A small, swiftsailing vessel employed to carry despatches or information. Advigilate (ad-vij'il-āt), v.t. [L. advigilo, ad vigilare-ad, to, and vigilo, to watch, from rii, watchful.] To watch diligently. Bailey. Advisability (ad-vizʼa-bil"i-ti), n. Quality of being advisable or expedient; advisableness; expediency. Mr. Benjamin Allen was holding a hurried consultation with Mr. Bob Sawyer on the advisability of bleeding the company generally. Dickens. Advisable (ad-viz'a-bl), a. [See ADVISE.] 1. Proper to be advised; prudent; expedient; proper to be done or practised. Some judge it advisable for a man to account with his heart every day; and this, no doubt, is the best and surest course. 2. Open to advice. South. He was so strangely advisable that he would advert unto the judgement of the meanest person. Bp. Fell. SYN. Prudent, expedient, proper, desirable. Advisableness (ad-viz'a-bl-nes), n. The quality of being advisable or expedient. Advisably (ad-viz'a-bli), adv. With advice. Advise (ad-viz), v. t. pret. & pp. advised; ppr. adrising [Fr. aviser. See ADVICE.] 1. To give counsel to; to offer an opinion to, as worthy or expedient to be followed; as, I advise you to be cautious of speculation.2. To give information to; to communicate notice to; to make acquainted with: followed by of before the thing communicated; as, the merchants were advised of the risk. SYX. To counsel, admonish, inform, apprise, acquaint, make known. Advise (ad-viz′), v.i. 1. To deliberate, weigh well, or consider; to reflect. Now, reader, close thy book, and then advise, Be wisely worldly, but not worldly wise. Quarles. Advise, and see what answer I shall return to him that sent me, 2 Sam. xxiv. 13. Sometimes followed by a kind of reflexive or complementary pronoun; as, 'advise thyself of what word I shall bring again to him that sent me.' 1 Chr. xxi. 12. Advise you what you say: the minister is here. Shak. There's for thy labour, Montjoy, Go, bid thy master well advise himself. Shak. 2. To take counsel; to join others in deliberating; to seek the advice of another or others: followed by with; as, I shall advise with my friends as to what is to be done. Advised (ad-vizd'), p. and a. 1. Cautious; prudent; acting with deliberation. Let him be... advised in his answers. Bacon, With the well advised is wisdom. Prov. xiii. 10. 2 Done, formed, or taken with advice or deliberation; intended; as, an advised act or scheme. We have no express purpose... nor any advised determination. Hooker. Advisedly (ad-viz'ed-li), adv. With deliberation or advice; heedfully; purposely; by 47 design; as, I speak advisedly; an enterprise advisedly undertaken. Advisedness (ad-viz'ed-nes), n. The state of being advised; deliberate consideration; prudent procedure. Advisement (ad-viz'ment), n. 1. Counsel; advice. I will, according to your advisement, declare the evils which seem most hurtful. Spenser. 2. Deliberation; circumspection; consultation. Among those that do all things with advisement there is wisdom. Prov. xii. 10 (Trans. 1539). Adviser (ad-viz'ér), n. 1. One who gives ad vice or admonition; also, in a bad sense, one who instigates or persuades. Specifically-2. In politics, one of the royal counsellors or ministers, who are legally responsible for the sovereign's acts in his or her official capacity. The advisers whom necessity had compelled Charles to call around hin were by no means men after his own heart. Macaulay. The office Advisership (ad-viz'èr-ship), n. of an adviser. [Rare.] Advising (ad-viz'ing), n. Advice; counsel. Fasten your ear on my advisings. Shak. Advisot (ad-viz'ō), n. Advice; consideration. 'Counsels and advisos.' Whitlock. 1. Having power Advisory (ad-viz'o-ri), a. to advise. The general association has a general advisory superintendence over all the ministers and churches. B. Trumbull, 2. Containing advice; as, their opinion is merely advisory. Advizet (ad-viz), v. t. and i. Same as Advise. Spenser. Advocacy (ad'vō-ka-si), n. 1. The act of pleading for; intercession. 2. Judicial pleading; lawsuit. Chaucer. Advocate (ad'vō-kát), n. [L. advocatus, one summoned to aid, counsel, or plead forad, to, and voco, vocatum, to call. See VOICE, VOCAL. ] 1. One who pleads the cause of another in a court of law. Specifically, (a) the title given to the counsel who practised in the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts in England, which, as separate courts, are now extinct. (b) The title given in Scotland, first, to the counsel practising before the supreme court, and, second, to those procurators or solicitors who act before the inferior courts at Aberdeen, and are members of the society there.-2. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses a cause by argument; a pleader in favour of; an upholder; a defender; as, an advocate for peace or for the oppressed. That cause seems commonly the better that has the better advocate. Sir W. Temple. vowson. In Scrip. Christ is called an advocate for his people. We have an advocate with the father. 1 Jn. ii. 1.-3. Eccles. (a) a person appointed to defend the rights and revenues of a church or monastery. (b) Formerly, the patron of a church or owner of an adSee ADVOWSON.-Faculty of advocates, in Scotland, a society of lawyers, who practise in the highest courts, and who are admitted members after following a certain course of study, undergoing the prescribed examinations, and paying the requisite fees. It consists of about 400 members, and from this body vacancies on the bench are usually supplied. Lord advocate, in Scotland, the principal crown counsel in civil cases, the public prosecutor of crimes, and the highest political functionary in the management of Scottish affairs. His tenure of office ceases with that of the administration with which he is connected. He is assisted in the discharge of his duties by the solicitor-general and four advocates-depute, appointed by himself. The lord advocate has usually a seat in parliament; and he and the solicitor-general alone wear silk-gowns. Called also Crown Advocate, Queen's (or King's) Advocate.--Judge advocate, in courtsmartial, a person who manages the prosecution.-Devil's advocate, (a) in R. Cath. Ch. a person appointed to act as accuser of any one proposed for canonization at the examination preceding this rite, and to state all possible objections to its consummation. Hence, (b) a scandal-monger; one given to bring forward malicious accusations. -God's advocate, in R. Cath. Ch. the defender of the character of the person proposed for canonization at the examination preceding this rite. Advocate (ad'vō-kát), v.t. pret. & pp. advocated; ppr. advocating. 1. To plead in ADVOYER favour of; to defend by argument before a tribunal; to support or vindicate. This is the only thing distinct and sensible which has been advocated. Burke. The most eminent orators were engaged to advo cate his cause. Mitford. 2. In Scots law, formerly to transfer from an inferior court to the Court of Session, as an action while still pending, or after judgment had been given, in order that the judgment might be reviewed. See ADVOCATION. Advocate (ad'vō-kāt), v.i. To act as an advocate; to plead. To advocate in my own child's behalf.' Dawbeny. [Rare.] Advocateship (ad'vō-kat-ship), n. The office or duty of an advocate. Advocatesst (ad'võ-kat-es), n. A female advocate. [Rare.] Shak God hath provided us with an advocatess. Fer. Taylor. Advocation (ad-vo-kashon), n. 1. The act of advocating; a pleading for; plea; apology. My advocation is not now in time. 2. In Scots law, a form of process, the object of which was to remove a cause from an inferior to the Supreme Court, in order that a judgment might be reviewed, or that future procedure might be conducted in the Court of Session. Abolished in 1868, process of appeal being substituted. Advocatus Dei (ad-vō-ka'tus de'i), n. [L.] Same as God's Advocate. See under ADVOCATE. Advocatus Diaboli (ad-võ-kā'tus di-a'bō-li), n. [L.] Same as Devil's Advocate. See under ADVOCATE. Advoke (ad-võk), v.t. [L. advoco, to summon-ad, to, and voco, to call.] To transfer to a higher court. [Rare and obsolete.] (He) had privately prevailed with the pope to advoke the cause to Rome. Fuller. Advolationt (ad-võ-la'shon), n. [L. ad, to, and volo, volatum, to fly.] Act of flying to Advolution+ (ad-vo-lu'shon), n. [L. ad, to, something. Bailey. and volvo, volutum, to roll.] A rolling towards something. Bailey. Advoutrert (ad-vou'trèr), n. [O.Fr. advoutre, advoultre, from L. adulter, an adulterer. See ADULTERATE.] An adulterer. Advoutress (ad-vou'tres), n. An adulteress. Advoutroust (ad-vou'trus), a. Adulterous. Advoutry (ad-vou'tri), n. [See ADVOUTRER.] Adultery. A marriage compounded between an advoutry and a rape." Advowee (ad-vou-e'), n. One who has the right of advowson. Bacon. Advowson (ad-vou'sn), n. [0.Fr. advoesin, right of presentation to a church living, from L. advocatio, advocationis, a calling to one for help. In the early ages of the church ecclesiastics could not appear before lay tribunals. They therefore had recourse to the aid of laymen to plead their cause, and these persons receive the name of advocates, Fr. advoués. In the decline of the Roman Empire, when defence from violence was more necessary than legal skill, the church selected as their advocates powerful nobles able to defend her property from rapine and plunder or enrich her by donations, and in return conferred on them the right of presentation to livings. Advocatio thus came to mean not only defence in a court, and protection, aid, and support generally, but also the right of presentation to a living, to which last meaning advowson is now restricted. Patronus, the Latin name for an advocate in the court, a protector, benefactor, has undergone a similar change of meaning, and now signifies the person in whom such a right vests.] The right of presentation to a vacant benefice. Adrowsons are of three kinds, presentative, collative, and donative; presentative when the patron presents his clerk to the bishop of the diocese to be instituted; collative when the bishop is the patron, and institutes or collates his clerk by a single act; donative when a church is founded by the king, and assigned to the patron, without being subject to the ordinary, so that the patron confers the benefice on his clerk without presentation, institution, or induction. Advowsons are also appendant, that is, annexed to a manor; or in gross, that is, annexed to the person of the patron. Advoyer, Avoyer (ad-voi'êr, a-voi'èr), n. [Fr. avoyer.] A chief magistrate of a town or canton in Switzerland. |