1. An iron boiler.

2. From 25 to 30 wooden tubs, about three feet high, and four feet across.

3. Twelve copper boilers; three feet and a half deep, one foot and a half in diameter at the bottom, and about three feet and a half across at the top.

4. A large ladle, pierced with holes, for the purpote of taking off the feum.

5. A large iron mortar and pestle. 6. An earthenware bafon to beat up whites of eggs in, and a few wooden bowls.

The number of perfons required to carry on an establishment of this fize, is one fuperintendent, and two affiftants.

4. Three of the copper boilers being filled with fresh water, a fufficient quantity of prepared tartar is added, and a very gentle heat is applied by occafionally burn. ing a faggot of brush-wood, fo as that the complete folution of the tartar is not effected in lefs than eight hours; at the end of this time the liquor is changed from a dirty red to a deep yellow wine colour, and is made to boil. While the fuperintendent is thus engaged, his two affiftants are employed in the previous operations.

5. When the ebullition has gone on for half an hour, the liquor is clarified: for this purpose the matter-workman ftations himfelf by the fide of one of the coppers,

with a basket of eggs, a bucket full of wood-afhes finely fifted, the perforated ladle, the earthen bowl, and an empty bucket.

He begins with breaking one of the eggs, and putting the white of it into the bowl, taking particular care not to mix it with the yolk: this he beats up with fome of the boiling liquor, and, when its parts are well mingled, pours it on the furface of the boiler: he then inftantly takes a fmall quantity of wood-ash on the end of the ladle, and ftirs up the liquor with it from the bottom. A brisk effervef cence takes place, and the furface is covered with a red fcum ; this is carefully taken off with the ladle, and put into the empty bucket: a fecond portion of wood-afh is then added, and effervefcence and a red fcum are produced as before. The whole and wood-afh is repeated fourteen or fifof this operation with the white of egg teen times, after which the liquor becomes colourlefs.

6. The fire is now withdrawn, and the liquor fuffered to remain perfe&ly at reft for three days. On the fourth, a faline cruft of a dirty white is removed from the furface, and two-thirds of the liquor ladled lected by the ladle, and washed in the reout the crystals on the fides are then colmaining liquor; they are thus obtained perfectly clean, and require no further preparation than drying on a wicker frame. The crystals from the bottom are still a little coloured, and are either collected for an inferior fort, or fubjected to procefs 2, &c. The liquor in which the crystals were formed, as well as the faline cruft, are both referred to procefs 2, &c.

must be prepared in the following manner. A fufficient quantity of yellow or brown brick clay is to be procured fo moift as to be easily worked; to this is to be added of good quick-lime, which has been flaked, the evening before, with fo much water as to reduce it to the consistence of curd or cream cheese. These materials are to be thoroughly mingled together till no white ftreaks appear in the mafs, and are then to be made up into balls about the fize of a man's head. When a fufficient ftock of thefe is collected, to enfure a conftant fupply to the workmen, the lining of the pond is begun in the following manner: An able-bodied man defcends into the cavity of the bafon, and is fupplied with a clay ball by a labourer stationed on the brink; this he throws down with his whole force upon the ground, near the centre of the cavity the next ball is thrown with equal force in fuch direction, as that it may come clofe into contact with the fide of the firft, and thus all the fucceeding ones are thrown, till the bottom and fides of the intended pool are compleatly covered; the only precaution neceffary being to water the laft row of balls that is laid in the evening, left it fhould not be adhefive enough in the morning to make a perfect junction with the new part of the work. Two or three days after each part of the lining is laid, it must be gently beaten with a flat piece of wood; and, as it becomes firmer, the beating is to be increafed: the furface is from time to time to be gently watered, and again beaten, till the whole floor feems one folid piece. When the work begins to powder under the beater, it is to be again gently watered, and finished with the trowel, taking care to fill up every crevice. It is laftly to be covered with a coating of any cheap oil. By this means the lining becomes much harder and closer than tarras, and rings like a bowl when ftruck: it fhould be covered with about an inch of gravel, before the water is admitted, and will be found no more fubject to leakage, than if it were made of porcelain. If kept conftantly full, no repairs will ever be required: the only thing to be dreaded is an intense froft, which is apt to injure fuch parts as are above the level of the water.

To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine.

SIR,

your Magazine about twelve months back, was agitated between two genMONTHLY MAG. NO. LIIL

tlemen, your correfpondents, the fubject of the expediency and inexpediency of handmills for grinding of corn, which I was forry to find terminated fo foon and unfatisfactorily: the latter gentleman advanced that the manual labour of grinding the corn was more than equal to the toll taken by the miller, fo he drew an hafty conclufion, that no faving would be made by the experiment: but one and the chief thing he forgot, viz. identity of the corn, that every one would be fure to have his own. It is a common trick with those honeft clafs of men to change your grift; I myfelf have fent to the mill good wholefome and found wheat, which, by the metamorfis of the agent, has been changed into fo much melilot falve that no mortal could eat, and other abufes as bad or worfe; now at this very crifis, when fo much is circulated, good, bad, and indifferent, the fatisfaction of having your own, is of no fmall confideration. If a strike of wheat or barley can be turned off in an hour or two, I should think myself well employed; or, by the help of a donkey; rather than truft it to one of this fet of men, the most felf-interested of mankind.

If, therefore, you could recommend a machine of this fort, upon an eafy and cheap construction, which are requifite to render it of general utility, you would ferve the public effentially.

One Sharpe, of Leadenhall Street, London, fome years ago, published engravings of hand-mills of different forts; whether his or any other have come into ufe, fome of your correfpondents will be fo kind as to give me all the intelligence in their power. From your obedient

For the Monthly Magazine.

A PEDESTRIAN EXCURSION THROUGH

SEVERAL PARTS OF ENGLAND AND WALES, DURING THE SUMMER OF 1797.

(Continued from p. 785.)

AT Salisbury, the first object of our

attention was of courfe the Cathedral. The outward ftructure is, perhaps, fomewhat too plain for this fpecies of architecture. But the proportions are excellent, and the richness and loftinefs of its fine tapering fpire cannot be too much admired. In fhort, it is altogether, I think, the finest and most perfect building of the kind I have ever feen. Within every thing is grand. The many-flafted pillars and Saracenic (or Normo-Gothic) arches that divide the nave and circles, are handfome, uniform, and in excellent proportion. The fcreen of the choir is more modern; and, together with the adjoining arch on each fide, highly wrought in the ftile of St. George's chapel, Windfor. When the doors of the choir are firft thrown open and the curtain drawn afide, the effect is truly fublime: nor is it weakened as you approach. All the windows in the neighbourhood of the altar being richly ftained, diffufe a fombrous and aweful gloom, which finely harmonizes with the general ftyle of the building; and the conception and ftyle of colouring in the principal window are very impreffive. The fubject is the Refurrection, by Sir Joshua. It confifts of a fingle figure, furrounded with rays of glory and a profufion of clouds; with the three croffes on Calvary at a distance. The drawing, indeed, like many of Sir Joshua's, is but indifferent. The eyes have a funken blacknefs about them, and the expreffions of the countenance, altogether, are far from pleasing. There is allo a fine sketch from Mortimer above (the elevation of the brazen ferpent) vilely degraded by gaudy patches of incongruous colouring. In this part of the building are feen the lofty and flender fingle hafted pillars, fo much talked about; and which, perhaps, by exciting a fort of confufed idea of danger, heighten the aweful impreffion of the fcene.

The Chapter-house is, allo, a very fine ruin, worthy of the noble pile to which it is attached. It is to be lamented, that it was not repaired at the fame time with the cathedral. But its fortunate efcape from the foppery of white-wash almost compenfates for all it has fuffered by neglect. The cloifters, alfo, are exceedingly fine-fpacious, and highly wrought in the old florid ftile.

There is, alfo, another piece of antiquity worthy of obfervation, on the outer wall at the weft end of St. Thomas's Church. This is a curious wooden monument, rather in a mutilated `ftate, carved by the sculptor, whole memory it perpetuates. It is adorned with rude reprefentations, in alto relievo, of Abrahamn offering up Ifaac; Jacobs dream, his ladder, and facrifice, and his bargain about the ftriped and ringed cattle; and, in another compartment, with two fhepherds, one of them fitting, and the other leaning on a rock. Of this I could make neither head nor tail; though it is the only part the writer of the Salisbury Guide pretends to explain. He calls it "the Lord" (the Angel of the Lord he means)" appearing to the fhepherds.' But if this was the ftory reprefented, the angel has fince flown away; which (being a winged creature) would, to be fure, be no great mi racle. Below, on a fmall entablature, is the following infeription. "Here under lieth the body of Humphry Beckham, who died the 2d day of February, Anno 1671, aged 88. His work." This infcription has given rife to a proverbial joke in Salisbury. When a man prides himself en any particular performance, it is faid, in way of banter, to be "Humphry Beck, ham's own work."

Monday 3.-Rofe at half past fix; employed ourselves in making notes, &c. till nine; and then, having breakfafted, fallied forth, in a heavy thower of rain, in quest of further information. In our way we visited the new Town-Hall; a handfome building of light brick, with a portico, and other ornaments of tone. It was built at the fole expence of the Earl of Radnor,recorder of the city: the foundation. ftone being laid 16 Sept. 1788, and the building concluded 23 Sept. 1795. was furnished by one of the present members of parliament. The town's-people fay, that the corporation have fold them, and all their pofterity, for a new house to banquet in. It is thought, however, that the contract will not be indiffo luble; the corporation beginning to be very much divided, and diffatisfied with their fubjection.

It

The principal manufactures of the town are cutlery, woollen ferges, kerfeymeres, figured goods for waistcoats, and fine flannels. The manufacturers begin to feel the effects of the war very feverely; particularly the war with Spain, from which country the demand for kerfey. meres, fancy woollens, and fine flannels, ufed to be very confiderable.

There

There are four or five booksellers, and two circulating libraries. The demand, however, is principally for novels. Politics are little read, and hiftory ftill lefs; works of philofophy and profound inquiry fcarcely at all. (Yet this is a cathedral town, and has, of course, a great body of refident clergy!) Book-club there is none; nor public reading-room; nor news-room; nor popular, nor philofophical fociety. Of newspapers, we learned that "The Courier was most read of any; notwithstanding the arts made ufe of to circulate "The Sun" of which we were exprefsly affured, that the Poft-master had a given number which were diftributed about, and received back without coit or charge. "The Times," alfo, was much read; "The Chronicle," but little. The minifterial papers were all declining in fale; the Courier, principally, increating. While we were examining a volume of large diftrict maps at the principal bookfellers, that we might afcertain the route that would comprife the greateft number of interefting objects, a perfon coming into the fhop to counter-order the provinpaper, gave the fhopman occafion to obferve, that their impreffion had already diminished a full third in confequence of

cial

the new tax.

From Salisbury we proceeded, unintimidated by the rain, to Wilton-Houfe, whofe park, viewed at a distance from the road, is a confiderable embellishment to the scenery of this flat and uninterefting country. In our way we paffed through the village of Quidhampton, which in a manufacturing point of view may be confidered as a fort of fuburb or colony to Wilton. The woollen manufactories around furnish employment not only to men

garden. To complete the catalogue of mifery, there is a work-house in the parish, in which a number of poor deferted infants are configned to captivity and inceffant application. In addition to the wretched habitations already noticed, there are some fubftantial and comfortable cottages, a few decent houfes, and a fulling-mill of very fimple ftructure. Children of five or fix can earn 11s. 6d. per week; as they grow older they earn fomething more. Men and women much the fame as at Overton.

(To be continued.)

To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine.

I

SIR,

Prefume, through the very extensive circulation of your valuable Repofitory, to requeft fome of your well-inform ed correfpondents, to favor me with fuch texts of fcripture, or other fentences, as they may have obferved in courts of juftice, in this or other countries. The laws of the twelve tables, fo celebrated in the Roman jurifprudence, were engraven on tablets of copper, and expofed in the most confpicuous part of the public Forum, for the admonition and inftruction of the people; in the manner, it fhould feem, the decalogue is difplayed in our places of public worship. The object of this inquiry is to obtain an appropriate felection of texts of fcripture, or other folemn and impreffive fentences of admonition, to be arranged for public obfervation in a new court of juftice, now in erection. Nov. 8, 1799.

W. E.

To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine.

SIR,

OUR correfpondent, M. J. in the ma

as between five and fix years of age. The daily toil of thefe little infants (who, if they are ever to attain the vigour and healthful activity of manhood, ought to be ftretching their wanton limbs in noify gambols over the green) is added to the labours of their parents; whole burthens will, of courfe, be confidered as relieved by their earnings: yet, Quidhampton feems to have little to boat in point of comfort and accommodation. The cottages in general are wretched, fmall and dirty. Some of them are built with brick, others are plaiftered, and many exhibit nothing but miferable mud walls, equally naked without and within. They are wretchedly and fcantily furnished; and few have even the advantage of a bit of

fome account of the COURT OF CONSCIENCE, I have therefore felected the following notes for his obfervation. This court in London was erected in the 9th year of Henry VIII. by an act of the common council, authorifing the court of aldermen to affign two aldermen and four commoners to fit as commiffioners twice a week in this court, and determine in all cafes where the fum contefted did not exceed forty fhillings. This act of common council was confirmed by statute 1 james I. c. 14. which was afterwards by 3 James I. c. 15. greatly amended and explained. It was thereby declared, that every citizen and freemen of London, and every other perfon inhabiting in London or its liberties, being a tradelman, victual8H2

ler,

1

ler, or labouring man, who fhould have any debt due to him, not amounting to forty fhillings, by any other fuch perfon, may caufe him to be fummoned by the beadle or officer of the court, by writing left at his dwelling-house, or by other reafonable writing or notice given to him to appear before the court. And that any three of the commiffioners should have power to make fuch order relative to the debt "as they should find to ftand with equity and good confcience."

witneffes on oath.

For which purpose they fhould have power to examine the parties and their And if any creditor fhould fue in any other court, and it appear to the judge, that his debt to be recovered did not amount to forty fhillings, and the defendant fhould prove by his own oath, or by witneffes, that he was then refident in London, the plaintiff should not be allowed any costs, but should pay all the defendant's cofts. And that the commiffioners fhould have power to enforce obedience to their court by commitment to 'one of the compters. But rent and any fubjects properly cognizable in the ecclefiaftical courts are declared to be not cognizable in the court of confcience.

Thus ftood the jurifdiction of this court until 1741, when, in confequence of the great increafe of inhabitants in London and its liberties, the beadle of the court found more to do than he could poffibly execute; and the commiffioners were not protected fufficiently from infult. To remedy thefe inconveniencies, the legislature further enacted, by 14th Geo. II. c. 10. That every citizen and freeman of London, and every other perfon inhabiting therein, and in the liberties, and all perfons renting or keeping any flop, fhed, ftall, or ftand, or feeking a livelihood therein, having any debt not exceeding forty fhillings due from any fuch perfon, fhall proceed as is directed in the preceding ftatute, and fhall "obferve, perform, and keep in all points" the order made between them. Thefe words take away the right of appeal. That if any perfon " contemptuously affront, infult, or abufe" the commiffioners then fitting, the commiffioners may cer. tify their names to the Lord Mayor, who may fine them twenty fhillings, or commit them to prifon for ten days, or both. Fine to be levied by warrant, distress, and fale, (redeemable in five days) and payable to the poor of the parif. The court of Aldermen may increase the number of beadles to four. Actions brought for any thing done under this act are limited to fix months, with double cofts if a verdict be found against the plaintiff.

When the parties could not pay the fums awarded, they were liable to an execution against their perfons OF goods, as they were at common law, but the legislature difcovered that many perfons were imprisoned for great length of time, and were thereby with their families brought to ruin, in cafes where the debt was very trifling, and therefore by two fubfequent acts in the prefent reign, 25th Geo. III. c. 45. and 26th Geo. III. c. 38. it was enacted that no such debtor, where the fame did not exceed twenty fhillings, fhould be committed to prifon for more than 20 days, and if it did not exceed forty fhillings for more than forty days, unless it be proved to the court that he had money and concealed it fraudulently, in fuch cafe the imprisonments were extended to thirty and fixty days.

This, fir, is the best account I can fend you of the court of confcience, which certainly relieves the people very much from the harrailing diftrefs to which they would be liable if their differences fc. fmail debts were neceflarily to be fettled by the expenfive process of a court of law at Westminster; and as this court is also a court of equity, many would be obliged to give up their juft claim, or purfue it in the court of chancery. October 3. 1799.

T

A. H.

For the Monthly Magazine. A NORWEGIAN BALLAD, tranflated from La Nord Litteraire. By A. S. CoTTLE. HE eve of Sunday at length arrives: the fun fets behind the diftant hills: the heat of day abates, as the evening mist fpreads over the furrounding rocks: the warbling of birds is no longer heard. This is the first moment of day, which gives being to the murmurings of the quiet ftream. The fharded beetle, waked from his repofe, is on the wing, and foothes the traveller with his joyous hum. Silence, and the dumb repofe of evening steal on.

Alone and at night I returned from the city*; I haftened, yet expectation told me I lingered by the way. From Chriftiana, ere I reached home, fix times had the fin

ger of time pointed out the hour: ge more fwiftly ye who are able! to me the way was long-my feet were way-worn, yet I felt no pain.

See me hang my hat by the wall, and clofe at its fide my polished fabre. My good father fees me, fhakes me by the hand, and in the fervour of his rude embraces almost throws me down. Choaked with tears of joy, he could fcarcely at first Copenhagen.