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Abrégé des mémoires pour fervir à l'histoire du Jacobinifme, par l'abbé Barruel, 8vo. 6s. juft imported by the fame.

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Ammorvin et Zalida, 2 vols. 4s. 6d. Analyfe des travaux für les Sciences Naturelles, 4s. 6d.

De l'Inde en rapport avec l'Europe, 2 vols,

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Théorie des fonctions Analytiques, contenant les principes du calcul différentiel, par Lagrange, 4to. 10s.

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145.

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THE NEW PATENTS lately enrolled.

JOSHUA COLLIER, FOR A CHEMICAL

PROCESS FOR FREEING FISH OILS
FROM THEIR IMPURITIES, &c.

A PATENT was granted last year to,

JOSHUA COLLIER, of Southwark, broker, for a chemical procefs for freeing fith oils from their impurities in fimell, taste, and colour, and for improved ftrainers for oil and other liquids, with other inftruments for afcertaining their qualities and aflifting their burning.

Of this patent which combines an ingenious application of machinery, with the antifeptic properties of charcoal, well known to all chemifts by the ftriking experiments of Profeffor Lowitz, we shall give a detailed account.

The chemical procefs confifts in pour

ing a quantity of any fpecies of fish oil, or a mixture of different forts of fifh oil into any convenient veffel, which is to be heated to the temperature of 110 or 120 degrees of Fahrenheit's fcale, and then adding of cauftic mineral alcali of the fpecific gravity commonly defcribed as 1.25, or of fuch ftrength that a phial containing 1000 grains of distilled water will contain 1250 grains of thefe lees, a quantity equal to four parts of the 100 by weight of the quantity of oil; the mixture is then to be agitated, and left th ftand a fufficient time for the falts and fediments to fubfide, it is then drawn. off into another veffel, containing a fufficient quantity of fresh burnt charcoal, finely powdered, or any other fubftance poffell

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quantity of freth burnt charcoal, finely The chemical process confifts in pour powdered, or any other fubftance poffell

ing antifeptic properties, in a powdered or divided ftate, with an addition of a fall proportion of diluted fulphuric acid, fufficient only to decompofe the finall quantity of faponaceous matter still suspended in the oil, which appears by the oil becoming clear at the furface, the contents of this veffel are alfo agitated, and the coaly faline and aqueous particles left to fubfide, after which the oil is paffed through proper ftrainers, herein after defcribed, and is thereby rendered perfectly transparent and fit for ufe.

The principle of the improved ftrainers, or filtering machines, confitts in the means applied to combine hydroftatic preffure, which increases according to the perpendicular height of the fluid, with the mode of filtering per afcenfum, thereby procuring the new and peculiar advantage that the fluid and its fediment take oppofite directions. A great advantage attending this invention is, that the dimenfions of the chamber in which the fediment is received may be varied while the filtering furface remains the fame. To adapt the machines not only to the purpose of families, work-houles, hofpitals, public charities, the navy, or the merchant fervice, but alfo to all the purposes of oil-men, of diftillers, of the laboratory, the brewery, &c. chambers of various capacities muft be provided for the fediment and precipitated matter. With refect to the oiltrade, the space required is very great, efpecially for fpermaceti, or Brafil bottoms. In the various purposes of the laboratory, no limits can be fixed, but all dimenfions will be occafionally required: in diftilleries and breweries they may be fmaller in proportion, and in that defigned for water and for domeftic use, a very fmall chamber will be fufficient. When water is to be fweetened, or freed from any putrid or noxious particles, it paffes, in its way to the filtering chamber, through an iron-box, or cylinder, containing charcoal finely powdered, or any other antifeptic fubitance infoluble in water, the water being forced into it by hydrostatic preffure, through a tube of any fufficient height. This box has two apertures to receive and deliver the fluid, and these are opened and clofed by cocks, or fcrews, or any other method ufed for fuch purposes, and being affixed to the machine by other fcrews, may be easily detached from the fame. Thus, whenever the charcoal begins to left its antifeptic properties, the box is removed and heated, till it is red hot, by which means the foreign matter efcapes through the

fmall apertures, after which the box is cooled, and the charcoal becomes sweet, pure, and equally fit for ufe as at first, though the procefs be ever so often repeated.

Another part of the invention consists in filtering machines in the form of stills, in which charcoal may be repeatedly burned after any fluid fubftances have paffed through it, for the purpofe of freeing them either from putrid or noxious particles or of difcharging their colouring matter, which filtering ftills are fo contrived, that the fluid may psís through in any quantity; without difplacing the charcoal; the part of the fluid remaining interfperfed among the charcoal, may be driven over by heat and be employed for many inferior purposes of the arts or manufactures. Laftly, the heat may be raifed fo as to purify the charcoal as has been before defcribed in the machines for water. The flue of thofe ftills is fo conftructed that water may be employed to cool them without the lofs of time requifite for their gradually parting with their heat to the furrounding atmosphere, fo as to be fit for a fubfequent operation.

The inftruments for afcertaining the comparative qualities of oils, depend in part on the principle of their specific gravities; fpermaceti oil, contrafted with other fish oils, being as $75 to 920. For this purpose, a glafs veffel of any convenient fhape, is made ufe of, furnished with a bubble alfo of glass, and a thermometer. If the oil is pure, this bubble finks, when the mercury rifes to a certain ftandard, by the application of the hand, or any other heat to the vellel containing the oil. the fpermaceti oil is impure, the bubble will till float, though it is of the temperature required, and the degree of impure," or foreign matter, will be fhewn by the ftate of the thermometer at which the bubble finks.

If

To determine what tendency oils ufed for burning have to congeal in cold weather, a freezing mixture is put in a phial· of thin glas, or any other convenient vellet, into this a thermometer is immeried, and a fingle drop of the oil under experiment, fuffered to fall on the outfide of the veffel, where it inmediately congeals; as the cold produced by the mixture gradually ceases, it is easy to obferve by the thermometer at what point of temperature the oil becomes fluid, and runs down the fide of the glass.

References to the plate.

FIG. 1. A.-The ciftern into which the water or other fluid to be filtered is put

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BB. A tube opening into the bottom of the ciftern A. and bent along the bottom of the machine conveying the fluid into

CCC. The filtering chamber, which is covered with leather bound down round its circular rim, and through which leather the water is percolated.

DD. The baton rifing above the level of the chamber and receiving the filtered liquor. E. The fpout by which it runs off into a pitcher or other veffel.

F. Another spout furnished with a cock to draw off the foul water from the chamber when neceffary.

GG G. The air-tub, which begins above the level of the chamber, is covered with a button, which faves the leather from being cut, and has a small lateral aperture for the air to be carried off. This pipe paffes along the bottom and up the fide, and rifing above the level of the water in the ciftern, is there clofed, except a small lateral aperture through which the air escapes.

H. A guard or rim with cross bars put over the leather to keep it from being forced up by the water. It is fastened down by means of two notches on oppofite fides of the guard, by which it locks into two ftaples rivetted into the bottom of the bafon.

1. The lid fliding down to cover the water from duft, and fufpended at pleasure by means of

KK. Two fprings on each tube for that purpose.

LMN O. A cylindrical box containing charcoal, which is connected with the above by means of the tube P, and a continuation of the tube B.

L M. The water' tube B continued below the charcoal apparatus, fo that the fluid may pafs through the fame into the cylinder,

A

from whence it enters the chambers at P, fo as to be filtered through the leather as before defcribed.

RR. Collars which may be unferewed at pleasure, fo as to detach the charcoal apparatus whenever the charcoal requires to be purified by heat.

SS. Two cocks to direct the fluid through the charcoal cylinder or immediately to the filtering chamber.

FIG 2. A.A tub or ciftern containing the oil to be filtered, and fupplying a tube of fufficient height for the hydroftatic preflure to operate.

B.B. A main tube of wood, tin, leather, or cloth, to which any number of bags of the fize and fhape of corn facks or any CC, convenient fize or fhape may be connected. Thefe are bound to

DDD. ftraight double iron bars, furnifhed with a hinge at one end and a screw at the other, by opening which the bags may be emptied.

F. A trough underneath, made to receive the filtered oil from the receivers EE E.

FIG. 3. A.-A funnel cafk or ciftern, inte which the fluid is put which pafies down. B. A tube fitted into the fame, through which it enters.

C. An iron still, or ftill of any other fubftance capable of fuftaining heat, full of finely powdered and fifted charcoal, through the head of which the fluid paffes into any receiver.

D. A fire-place of any construction to drive over the fluid remaining interfperfed among the charcoal, and alfo to purify the charcoal by an increafe of temperature when required.

E. A cock to let water into the flues to cool the apparatus for a fubfequent operation.

REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS. Second collection of Glees; Rounds and Canons, for two, three, four, five and fix Voices, compofed by the Members of the Harmonic Society of Cambridge, and published by Charles Hague. Mus. Bac. Camb. IOS. 6d.

Longman and Clementi.

THE readers of our Monthly Magazine, will recollect the handfome terms which we found ourselves juftified in apply ing to the first fimilar publication produced by the Harmonic Society of Cambridge. The prefent work, which merits equal approbation, flows from the tributary talents of Mr. Hague, Mr. Wheeler, Mr. Carnaby, Mr. Wright, Mr. Dixon, and the Reverend Mr. Richmond. All the pieces are written in a ftyle much above mediocrity, both in fancy and fcience; and fome of them do the highest honor to the taste, judgment, and theoretical proficiency of their refpective compofers.

"Death's Trueft Image" by Mr. Hague, for five voices, is conftructed with great art the parts flow together with that eafe, and produce that happy union of effect, which only ingenuity, and a tafte highly cultivated can command. "Offian's Addrefs to the Sun" by Mr. Richmond, exhibits a greatnefs of conception in the compofer, highly correfpondent to the noble fpirit of the poetry, and in fome paffages a peculiar force and felicity of expreffion.

"Fierce the Torrid Blaze

Defcends" does great credit to the fancy and judgment of Mr. Wheeler. The bold glowing ftyle in which he has treated the fubject of the words demonítrates great powers of imitation, and gives the fenfe of the author with a penetrating force. "The Kits" by Mr. Wright, is fweetly pleating in its melody, and the parts coalefce with fcientific propriety.

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