EXERCISES. 1. A merchant had several remnants of cloth, measuring as follows, viz. : How many yards in the whole, and what would the whole come to at $3'67 per yard? Note. Reduce the common fractions to decimals. Do the same wherever they occur in the examples which follow. 2. From a piece of cloth, containing 36 sold, at one time, 7 yds., and, at another how much of the cloth had he left? yds., a merchant time, 123 yds.; Ans. 16'7 yds. 3. A farmer bought 7 yards of broadcloth for 8 £., a barrel of flour for 2 £. a cask of lime for 18 £., and 7 lbs. of rice for £.; he paid 1 ton of hay at 37 £., 1 cow at 63 £., and the balance in pork at £. per lb.; how many were the pounds of pork ? Note. In reducing the common fractions in this example, it will be sufficiently exact if the decimal be extended to three places. 4. At 124 cents per lb., what will 37 Ans. 108 lb. lbs. of butter cost? Ans. $4'7182. 5. At $1737 per ton for hay, what will 11ğ tons cost? Ans. $201 92ğ Ans. $1737. 6. The above example reversed. At $201'92§ for 11 tons of hay, what is that per ton? 7. If 45 of a ton of hay cost $9, what is that per ton? Consult ¶ 65. Ans. $20. 8. At '4 of a dollar a gallon, what will '25 of a gallon of molasses cost? Ans. $1. sugar 9. At $9 per cwt., what will 7 cwt. 3 qrs. 16 lbs. of cost? Note. Reduce the 3 qrs. 16 lbs. to the decimal of a cwt., extending the decimal in this, and the examples which follow, to four places. Ans. 71'035+. 10. At $69'875 for 5 cwt. 1 qr. 14 lbs. of raisins, what is that per cwt.? Ans. $13. 11. What will 2300 lbs. of hay come to at 7 mills per lb.? Ans. $16'10. 12. What will 765 lbs. of coffee come to, at 18 cents per Ans. $137'79. lb.? N* 13. What will 12 gals. 3 qts. 1 pt. of gin cost, at 28 cents per quart? Note. Reduce the whole quantity to quarts and the decimal of a quart. Ans. 14'42. 14. Bought 16 yds. 2 qrs. 3 na. of broadcloth for $100 125; what was that per yard? Ans. $6. 15. At $1'92 per bushel, how much wheat may be bought for $72 ? Ans. 1 peck 4 quarts 16. At $9272 per ton, how much iron may be purchased for $60'268? Ans. 13 cwt. 17. Bought a load of hay for $9'17, paying at the rate of $16 per ton; what was the weight of the hay? Ans. 11 cwt. 1 qr. 23 lbs. 18. At $302'4 per tun, what will 1 hhd. 15 gals. 3 qts. of wine cost? Ans. $94'50. 19. The above reversed. At $94'50 for 1 hhd. 15 gals. 3 qts. of wine, what is that per tun? Ans. $302'4. Note. The following examples reciprocally prove each other, excepting when there are some fractional losses, as explained above, and even then the results will be sufficiently exact for all practical purposes. If, however, greater exactness be required, the decimals must be extended to a greater number of places. 20. At $1'80 for 34 qts. of | wine, what is that per gal. ? 22. If of a ton of potashes cost $60'45, what is that per ton? 21. At $2215 per gal., what cost 34 qts.? 23. At $96'72 per ton for pot-ashes, what will § of a ton cost? 24. If '8 of a yard 25. If a yard of 26. At $25 per of cloth cost $2, cloth cost $2'5, yard, how much what is that per what will '8 of a cloth may be puryard? yard cost? chased for $2? 27. If 14 cwt. of 28. If a ton of 29. At 27 £.10 s. pot-ashes cost 19 £. pot-ashes cost 27. a ton for pot-ashes, 5 s., what is that 10 s., what will 14 what quantity may per ton? cwt. cost? be bought for 19 £. 5 s. ? Note. After the same manner let the pupil reverse and prove the following examples: 30. At $18'50 per ton, how much hay may be bought for $12'025? 31. What will 3 qrs. 2 na. of broadcloth cost, at $6 per yard? 32. At $22 10 for transportation of 65 cwt. 46 miles, what is that per ton ? 33. Bought a silver cup, weighing 9 oz. 4 pwt. 16 grs. for 3 £. 2 s. 3 d. 33 q.; what was that per ounce ? 34. Bought 9 chests of tea, each weighing 3 cwt. 2 qrs. 21 lbs. at 4 £.9 s. per cwt.; what came they to? 35. If 5 acres 1 rood produce 26 quarters 2 bushels of wheat, how many acres will be required to produce 47 quarters 4 bushels? Note. The above example will require two operations, for which consult ¶ 65, ex. 1. 36. A lady purchased a gold ring, giving at the rate of $20 per ounce; she paid for the ring $125; how much did it weigh? REDUCTION OF CURRENCIES. ¶ 78. Previous to the act of Congress in 1786 establish ing federal money, all calculations in money, throughout the United States, were made in pounds, shillings, pence and farthings, the same as in England. But these denominations, although the same in name, were different in value in different countries. England, The New Eng- Thus, 1 dollar is reckoned in 4 s. 6 d., called English, or sterling money 5 s. called Canada currency. 6 s., called New England currency. 8 s., called New York currency. New Jersey, S. Carolina and Georgia, } 1 dollar is reckoned in 7 s. 6 d., called Pennsylvania currency. 4 s. 8 d., called Georgia currency. 1. Reduce 6£. 11 s. 64 d. to federal money. Note. To reduce pounds, shillings, pence and farthings, in either of the above-named currencies, to federal money, First, reduce the shillings, pence and farthings (if any be contained in the given sum) to the decimal of a pound by inspection, as already taught, T 76. 6£. 11 s. 64 d. = £6'576. ENGLISH MONEY.-Now, supposing the above sum to be English money,-1 £. is 20 s. 240 pence, in all the above currencies. 1 dollar, in English money, is reckoned 4 s. 6 d. 54 pence, that is, of 1 pound. Now, as many times as, the fraction which 1 dollar is of 1 pound, English money, is contained in £6'576, so many dollars, it is evident, there must be; that is,-To reduce English to federal money,-Divide the given sum by, the quotient will be federal money. £6'576 English money. 40 9) 263'040 29'226 federal money, Answer. 60 Note. It will be recollected, to divide by a fraction, we multiply by the denominator, and divide the product by the numerator. CANADA CURRENCY.-Supposing the above sum to be Canada currency,-1 dollar, in this currency, is 5 s. = 60 pence, that is, of 1 pound. Therefore,-To reduce Canada currency to federal money,-Divide the given sum by 4, and the quotient will be federal money; or, which is the same thing,-Multiply the given sum by 4. £6'576 Canada currency. 4 27'304 federal money. Answer. 6 s. 72 pence, that is, = NEW ENGLAND CURRENCY.-1 dollar, in this currency, is , or '3 of a pound. Therefore,-To reduce New England currency to federal money,-Di vide the given sum by '3. 96 3)£.6'576 New England currency. $21'92 federal money, Answer. 96 = NEW YORK CURRENCY.-1 dollar, in this carrency, is 8 s. = that is, 24 pence, , or '4 of a pound. Therefore, To reduce New York currency to federal money,-Divide the given sum by '4. '4) £.6'576 New York currency. $16'44 federal money, Answer. PENNSYLVANIA CURRENCY.-1 dollar, in this currency, is 7 s. 6 d. 90 pence, that is, of a pound. Therefore,To reduce Pennsylvania currency to federal money,-Divide by , that is, multiply the given sum by 8, and divide the product by 3. £.6'576 Pennsylvania currency. 8 3)52608 $17'536 federal money, Answer. GEORGIA CURRENCY.-1 dollar, Georgia currency, is 4 s. 8 d. 56 pence, that is, of a pound. Therefore,To reduce Georgia currency to federal money,-Divide by 5, that is, multiply the given sum by 30, and divide the product by 7. £. 6'576 Georgia currency. $28 1829 federal money, Answer. From the foregoing examples, we derive the following general RULE:-To reduce English money, and the currencies of Canada and the several States, to federal money,-First, reduce the shillings, &c., if any in the given sum, to the decimal of a pound; this being done, divide the given sum b such fractional part as 1 dollar, in the given currency IS a fractional part of 1 pound. |