Of Windsor. Windsor, the shire town of Windsor eounty, and one of the seats of the government, is one of the most considerable towns in the state. It lies on the Connecticut, about one hundred and forty miles north of Hartford in Connecticut. It contains many elegant houses, and in 1800, two thousand and two hundred inhabitants. Over the Connecticut at this place, is a handsome bridge, connecting the town with Cornish.

Of other considerable Towns. There are many handsome and thriving towns in this state, as Westminster, Newfane, Brattleborough, Newbury, Woodstock, Middlebury, Burlington, Vergennes and others. Middlebury and Vergennes on Otter Creek, are furnished by the falls, with excellent mill-seats-as is Burlington by falls on Onion River. Burlington is situated on a beautiful bay of Lake Champlain, which forms a crescent at the foot of the town, and the town has a fine view of the lake.

Of the Employments of the People. The principal occupation of the inhabitants is agriculture. The lands in the state are in general very rich, and covered with forests of heavy wood. In all new settlements, the first object is to clear the land of wood, which is done by girdling, or falling the trees, and burning them with the leaves and dry branches. No sooner is the land in Vermont cleared, than it produces great crops of wheat, maiz, flax, oats, and other useful articles.

Of the Trade of Vermont. The course of trade follows the course of the rivers and the lake. On the east side of the mountains, goods are exported and imported chiefly by means of the Connecticut; and of course, the connections in business are with Hartford and New-York. The north-eastern parts, however, communicate more easily with Boston, Portsmouth, Kennebeck or some eastern port. On the west of the mountains the trade is with Troy, Albany, or other towns on the Hudson, and by that river with NewYork; or to the north with Canada by means of lake Champlain and its outlet.

Of the Exports. The chief articles exported are poi and pearl ashes, wheat and other grain, bar iron, nails, beef, pork, cattle, horses, lumber and peltry; with some flax and maple sugar. As all the commodities exported from Vermont are transported through other states, except what pass to Canada, the amount of their value cannot be known, being included in the returns of exports from the ports where the articles are shipped. Thus a large part of the exports from New-York is the produce of Connecticut, New-Jersey and Vermont.

Of the Manufactures. The manufactures of Vermout are chiefly of the domestic kind, furnishing the inhabitants with coarse woollens and linens for the greater part of their necessary clothing The sheep in Vermont are good, and flax is raised to great advan tage. Iron is found to be abundant in the state, and large quantities are manufactured into nails. Many furnaces and forges are established in the western sourties. The burning of wood in clearing new lands, supplies vast quantities of ashes, for the manufacture of pot and pearl ashes. Maple sugar is made in large quantities.

Of the state of Learning. Learning receives from the people of Vermont all the encouragement that can be expected from an agricultural people in a new settlement. Schools for common education are planted in every part of the state; and two colleges are estab lished, one at Middlebury, the other at Burlington, in which are taught classical learning, and the higher branches of mathematies, philosophy, and other sci

ences.

Of the state of Religion. In the grants of townships by the legislature of Vermont, two rights of land have been reserved for the support of the clergy-one for a perpetual parsonage another for the first settled minister in the town, of whatever denomination. In many of the oldest towns, there are settled ministers ; in others, occasional preaching by delegates from societies of the clergy in the other states. The inhab itants are chiefly of the congregational persuasion, or baptists. but perfect freedom in religion is recognized.

by the constitution; and in this, as in other states, are found people of almost every denomination.

Of the Government of Vermont. The constitution of Vermont, originally formed in 1778, revised in 1786, and again in 1792, lodges the legislative power, in a house of Representatives, consisting of a deputy from each town chosen annually on the first Tuesday of September, and stiled, the General Assembly. The an nual meeting of the legislature is on the second Thursday of October.

Of the Executive Power. The power of administering the laws is vested in a governor, or in his absence, a lieutenant governor, and a council of twelve men, chosen annually by the freemen; or if no person has a majority of votes, the governor is chosen by the couneil and general assembly. No property is necessary to qualify a man for any legislative or executive office.

Of the Freemen. Every man of full age, and of quiet behavior, after a year's residence in the state is entitled to be a freeman, and to vote for public officers. But two years residence is requisite to qualify a man for the office of governor, lieutenant governor, treasuTer, counsellor or representatitive.

Of the mode of enacting Laws. All bills which originate in the assembly, are to be laid before the gov ernor and council, and if approved become laws-but if the governor and council propose amendments, as they and the amendments are not agreed to by the assembly, the governor and council may suspend the passing of the bills, until the next session. If a bill is not returned in five days it becomes a law.

may,

Of Appointments and Courts. Judges of the several courts, sheriffs, justices of the peace, and general offieers, are appointed by the general assembly, in conjunction with the governor and council; but officers are commissioned by the governor. The supreme court consists of three judges, and is held in each county. Each county has also a court, consisting of three judg es. Justices of the peace have power to try civil actions, where the demand does not exceed thirteen dol

lars and a third-and criminal actions, where the fine or forfeiture does not exceed six dollars and two thirds They can also punish with stripes not exceeding

ten.

Of Taxation and Expenses. The property of the inhabitants is valued, agreeable to certain rules established by law; and on that property is appointed eve ry public tax. The expences of government in Ver mont amount to about ten thousand dollars a year; and the state is not incumbered with debt.

Of the Militia. The military force of Vermont consists of every able bodied man from sixteen years old to forty five; excepting persons exempted on account of their employments In 1792, there were 20 regi. ments of infantry, divided into four divisions, eight brigades, fifteen companies of cavalry, and six of artil lery, composing a body of eighteen thousand and five hundred men.

MAINE IN MASSACHUSETTS.

Of the Divisions of Massachusetts. The state of Massachusetts is separated into two divisions, by means of Now-Hampshire. That part which lies north and east of New-Hampshire is called the district of Maine, and forms the north-eastern extremity of the United States.

Of the Situation and Bounds of Maine. Maine lies between the forty-third and forty-eighth degrees of north latitude; and between the sixty-fifth and seventyfirst degrees of west longitude. On the west, Maine. has for a boundary, the Pascataway and New-Hampshire; on the north, Canada; on the east, the river Scooduc and New-Brunswick; and on the south, the Atlantic.

Of the Extent. The length of Maine on the sea coast is two hundred and forty miles; and its breadth, on an average, is one hundred and thirty. This extent of surface gives thirty-one thousand and two hundred square miles, and almost twenty millions of acres. What portion is covered with weter is not yet known. Of the face of the Country. Maine is generally hilly,

but not mountainous. The land near the sea coast is stony and barren; but the interior land produces good crops of wheat, rye, barley, oats, maiz, hemp, flax and esculent roots. On the west is a mountain called Agamenticus, within a few miles of the sea; a useful landmark for seamen. On the north a range of mountains divides this district from Canada.

Of the Rivers and Lakes. Maine is well watered with large and small streams, the chief of which are Saco, Kemebec, Penobscot, Androscoggin, and Scoeduc; ali which furnish navigable and boatable water into the interior of the country. The chief lakes are Moosehead, Sebacook or Sebago, Scoodue and Umbagog.

Of the Bays and Islands. No part of the American coast is more indented with bays and inlets, than the coast of Maine. The principal of these are Casco, Pemaquid, Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, and Machias. Numerous islands are scattered along the coast, at a small distance from the land, protecting the harbours from the violence of the waves, and rendering navigation safe.

Of the Counties, Towns and Population. The counties in Maine are six-on the west adjoining to Pascataway, lies York-next to which are Cumberland and Kennebec-then Lincoln-east of which is Hancock, and last of all Washington. These are divided into two hundred and twenty townships. The inhabitants of the district in 1750, were less than ten thousand-in 1790, they were ninety-six thousand; and in 1800, almost one hundred and fifty-two thousand.

Of the Chief Towns. York, a considerable town, nine miles from Portsmouth, is situated on a river of the same name, has a good harbor, and contained by the census of the year 1800, two thousand eight hundred inhabitants. Portland, on Casco Bay, fifty-five miles from Portsmouth, was built on the ruins of Falmouth, which was burnt by the British in 1775. It is a place of considerable trade, has a bank, and contained in 1800, three thousand seven hundred inhabitants. There are many other considerable towns, as Wells, Pownalborough, Biddeford, Wiscasset, and others.