CLARENDON.

When members were expelled, there were, up arms against their King, to withstand his imbrought in in their room mean and obscure per- posing upon them a church government, against sons both in birth and fortune, who were notori- their consciences, can ill pretend to justify their ously known to be disaffected to the government continuing in arms against him, because he will of the church and state." not let them impose upon him a church government against his conscience."

191. Digby's letter to the Scotch lords:"Is there any that would pretend themselves 336. Scandal of entertaining Con.--and inexbound in conscience to enforce the same church cusable intrigues with the Irish Catholics. Here government here which is settled in Scotland? is a feeling evinced of Charles's want of openCertainly, my lords, they who justify their taking | ness to his best servants.

CATO NICHOLS.

337. The Scotch a bare-faced rebellion.

342. Of Digby he says, "Yet truly I more fear that young man's fate, than I do any man's to whom I wish so well."

366. "If ever I come abroad again into the world, and any part be mean enough for me to act, I shall have ambition enough to make some means to be admitted to my lord marquis (Ormond), whom, in good faith, I take to be the most excellent subject the King is lord of."

The very reverse seems to me true.

135

MR. BROOKE says in a letter to Mr. Gough, 1783, "My friend Dade tells me that a family in the East Riding of Yorkshire are in possession of a collection of letters written from Cheshunt by a woman who lived as mistress with Richard Cromwell, which gives a particular account of his death, and of the most material transactions of the latter part of his life."-NICHOLS'S Illustrations vol. 6, p. 413.

compared.

383. 1647. Nicholas writes as news which he has received from England:-"The House of Commons hath again voted the settlement of Presbytery, with liberty for tender consciences, which is a back door to let in all sects and her- James Nichols. Calvinism and Arminianism esies. The Socinians now begin to appear in great numbers under the title of Rationalists; and there are a sect of women lately come from foreign parts, and lodged in Southwark, called Quakers, who swell, shiver, and shake, and when they come to themselves (for in all the time of their fits Mahomet's holy ghost converses with them), they begin to preach what hath been delivered to them by the spirit."

ii. THOSE benevolent men who plead for the perfectly innocuous nature of mental error, would acknowledge the erroneousness of this principle, were they to peruse the strange and unscriptural assertions made by many of the early Calvinists.

Calvin "sophistically changed some of the plain doctrines of the Gospel into the fate of hea

448-9. Charles's most admirable letter to his thenism."

son.

455. Scheme for attempting to release the King from Carisbrook.

iv. Doctrines connected with general redemption suffered greatly from being recommended solely by the Lutherans, some of whose tenets were exceedingly obnoxious to such moderate men as wished to be at the greatest possible distance from Popery.

vi. No Lutherans at Dort.

543. Ascham. "There was found about the person of the man when he was dead, upon the left side next his skin, and nearest his heart, a plate of silver, which is now in his majesty's keeping (of Spain), and a model whereof we vii. The explanatory and often opposite sigherein send your Majesty. We here take it to nifications given by the various parties at Dort, be some combination entered into at that time. occupy a far larger space in the acts than the It may be the hieroglyphic may be better under-canons themselves, and contain curious apologies stood nearer England, though it wants not sev- for every contradictory grade of Calvinism. eral comments here."

554. Whalley.

xxix. Since the middle of the last century Arminianism has been rapidly gaining ground in Scotland.

xxxiii. Grotius's Adversaria published after his death, and the extracts there from other writers, have past for his own, where opinions contrary to his have been ascribed to him.

xxxvii. App. "The King (1647) lately asked Mr. Marshall what exceptions they had against the Liturgy, or against what part of it they took dislike. He answered that the Parliament had made an ordinance that it should not be used, and therefore he could not approve of it. To xlv. Puritans of the Rebellion differ from their which the King replied, that he could have had predecessors, for they commenced offensive opas good a reason as that from the Earl of Pem-erations (the English ones) not as seceders from broke."

Martin, upon reading of letters from Holmby, desiring directions how to deal with such as flocked up to be touched by the King, said he knew not but the Parliament's Great Seal might do it as well if there were an ordinance for it.

xl. "There is a new sect sprung up among❘ them, 1647, and these are the Rationalists; and what their reason dictates to them in church or state stands for good until they be convinced with better; that is, according as it serves their own turns."

Cromwell.

"THOUGH I am sure that he was an usurper, I am not sure that he was a hypocrite, at least all along, though it was most probable he was one at first."-CATO's Letters, vol. 2, p. 293.

the church, but as Calvinists. The trumpeters and drummers and bellows-blowers of rebellion were conformable Episcopalians.

Laud's moderation.

xlvi. After the Restoration, "the rigid Calvinists almost unanimously became Nonconformists, and the more moderate Presbyterians with nearly all the Arminians, took refuge under Episcopacy."

xlvii. Milton defends the regicide by quotations from Calvin and his followers.

xlviii. "it was a general Calvinistic crusade against Arminianism and Episcopacy."

Luther sobered as he advanced in years, and then his sentiments concerning lawful obedience were entirely changed.

xlix. Mr. Scott calls the bellwethers of rebellion a few honest but undiscerning men. Nichols shows that they were neither.

His acknowledgment of obligation to them when they had amended their ways, and confined themselves to the duties of their profession.

1. John Durye had been employed under Laud for many years in trying to effect a union among the Protestants. He became a Bellwether. lii. Opportunities of religious instruction which the Long Parliament enjoyed!

Effect of their perversion of religion in producing irreligion.

liv. Complaints by the preachers of the Parliament as being sermon-proof.

lvii. The judges, not the bishops, occasioned the grievance and the rebellion.

Comparison between the loyal and the Parlia

ment sermons.

baited to death by beasts than sentenced with
any colour of law or justice.
cxxi. P. Heylyn. 310.

cxxxvi. Peter Du Moulin-he and his family firebrands.

cxli. William Orme's rascally book. 380.
cxlvii. Winwood's character of Grotius.
cl. Abbot.

clxi. Hooker attacked as not Calvinistic. Tol-
erance of opposite doctrines in his time.
clxii. All the turbulent spirits, with very few
exceptions, high Calvinists.

exliv. Evangelical reviewers he calls regular traders in misrepresentation.

4. Many converts to Arminianism during the Rebellion.

5. Mr. Knowlittle is Hugh Peters-Dr. Du,

lviii. When did these abominations break out? -when the Covenant triumphed. A good pas-bious is Baxter. sage.

lix. Episcopacy popular-made so by the consequences of destroying it.

lx. The Puritans were the fathers of English liberty, just as the devil was the cause of Job's final earthly prosperity.

Ixi. Intolerance preached by them.

lxiii. Saying of John Hales that he would renounce the Church of England to-morrow if it obliged him to believe that any other Christians should be damned, and that nobody would conclude another man to be damned who did not wish him so. xciv.

Ixiv. Cudworth's description of zeal.

ful.

9. Debates by word of mouth useless or hurtThis is beautifully said by Womack. 16. Franeker, the grand hotbed of the rankest Calvinism. 197. Its character.

There are good names in this Exam. Mr. Frybabe, and Dr. Damman-which is the better for being a real name-and of a Calvinist divine, whom it suited to a letter.

31. Sudden conversions. "The ordinary course is not for the kingdom of heaven to offer violence to us, and to take us by force; but for us to do so by it."

71. Calvin's ill temper.-"That wild beast of impatience," he called it, "that raged in him lxix. Cromwell's policy with the Independ- and was not yet tamed. He would frequently ents, setting them to prepare a Confession of reproach his brethren (especially if they dissentfaith, which would, ipso facto, have Presby-ed from him in the matter of predestination, &c.)

terianized them.

lxxi. English oath and English consciences: happily likened by Jeremiah Burroughes. Ixxiv. Owen acquits the zeal of those who put Servetus to death.

Sedgewick. Opposite revelations concerning the King's murder.

lxxviii. An hundred and fourscore new opinions. 707.

lxxix. Arminianism and Episcopacy both as such formally excluded from the benefits of toleration, even in the republican army.

lxxxv. Change in the Long Parliament. lxxxvi. lxxxvii. Good effect that some good men remained.

The second hot inquisition against Arminianism (1653) undertaken at the earnest solicitation and under the immediate conduct of the Independents that of 1643 was by the Presbytery. In this the Calvinists agreed heartily.

c. Cudworth not asked to preach after a sermon upon the life of Christ.

Jackson.

by the name of Knave, Dog, and Satan. And he so vexed the spirit of Bucer, that he provoked the good, mild man to write thus to him, 'Judicas prout amas, vel odisti; amas autem vel odisti, prout libet:' that his judgement was governed by his passions of love and hatred, and these by his lust. And for his bitter speeches Bucer gave him the title of a fratricide."-Bishop Womack.

203. It was common for a church, i. e. a congregation, to educate a promising young man for their pastor. But whether this were done in the English Church I know not. It is the Hugonot church of Bourdeaux which is spoken of, as thus doing in the case of Cameron what "was very common at that period, and worthy to be more generally adopted in modern times."-It cannot be done by congregations who have not the patronage in their own disposal.

205. James a friend, but not patron of Cam

eron.

C. lost his life for opposing the seditious Hugonots.

206-7. Political character of Calvinism.

Cudworth's father was editor of Perkins's Conditional obedience the only trace of condi

works.

cv. Cudworth's description of holiness. cviii. Schism sown by the Papists.

cxiv. Host of Calvinistic prophets.

cxv. Mede had defended the rites which An

drews, not Laud, revived.

cxvi. Strafford and Laud, they were rather

tionality which is to be found throughout their fatal system.

207. The preachers stirred up civil wars in France.

208. Knight's sermon, and Paræns's book burnt.

1622.

209. Grotius's foresight that no empire would

be safe any longer than while those who held Perrin concerning resistance to kings in matters such principles were destitute of power. contrary to God's word.

210. Here is the opinion of a French Protestant Charpentier that the massacre was just and necessary, in order to subdue an impious faction, -for there were two parties among the Protestants, and the turbulent party provoked it. I doubt the Protestantism of such an apologist. I believe the peaceable part would not have escaped persecution: but I believe also, that nothing but the violence and crimes and extravagance of the Reformers prevented the perfect triumph of the Reformation.

- Upon referring to Thuanus it appears that Charpentier was paid by the French court for writing its apology.

212. Grotius induced to palliate Popery by his learning, "having traced some of the originally innocent observances of the Romish church up to the purest ages," and because he saw it assuming a milder aspect, and supported by such moderate reformers of it as Thuanus, Cassander, &c. That milder aspect it did not long continue to affect. 292.

329. Beal's dying words,-I BELIEVE THE RESURRECTION-a fine example of a double meaning, and of the religious feeling of the loyalists.

333. More ministers deprived in three years by the Presbyterians than in Mary's reign, or than had been suspended by all the bishops from the first year of Elizabeth!

334. Servility of ministers who depend on their patrons and their flocks-well stated both by Heylyn and Nichols.

336. Prince Rupert fighting against those Calvinists on whom his father depended for success in his schemes of ambition.

350. Nye's opinion of Marshall and his mo

tives.

359. A good view of the miseries and consequences of this rebellion.

362. Judge Jenkins-his testimony that Charles always required his council to inform him if the suits preferred to him were agreeable to the laws, and not inconvenient to his people,

216-17. His foresight of the Puritans' views before he would pass them. and the danger in Scotland.

221. The Cameronists confess the intemperance of the early Hugonots. They carried into Holland a species of Arminianism.

234. Certain dogmas maintained by the Calvinists not on a belief of their truth, but as supports to other dogmas which could not be maintained without them.

376. Nichols well says that the constitution, even at its deepest depression in Charles's days "contained within itself copious materials for self-restoration; and the course pursued by the Calvinistic malcontents was not that which the laws suggested for the redress of grievances."

Vol. 2, p. 378. Jenkins's declaration against abuses. This excellent man's writings ought to

249. Gustavus's success laid the foundations be collected. of the Prussian monarchy.

254. The castle of Gutsein. Offence given by a wrongful decision concerning it by the ElectorPalatine King, upon which the ejected sister blew it up, and the officer of justice in it which came to put the Calvinist sister in possession. 255. Political ambition of the Calvinists. 256. Prophecies connected therewith. 262. Jurien.

261. Comenius invited by the Parliament, 1641, to assist in the reformation of the public schools of this kingdom.

268.- Owen's atrocious language concerning Ireton.

272-3. Mornay and not Languet said here to have been the Junius Brutus of the Vindicia.

303. Hammond's sermon, 1643, upon the fashion of swearing at the court and in the army.

304. One (?) who maintained that God had hidden from the first Christians the liberty of resisting superiors, as part of his counsel to bring Antichrist into the world; but that he had now manifested it to his people as a means of casting Antichrist out.

305. That Christ died for the sins of all mankind, was declared by the ministers of Christ within the province of London, fifty-two Presbyterian ministers, to wit, 1648, to be an abominable error, a damnable heresy, and a horrid blasphemy.

307. James's error in supporting the Calviniete at Dort, and his strange concession to C.

380. Meric Casaubon's excellent conduct when required by Cromwell to write the history of the war.

381. Owen. 384-9. 416. The Quaker woman. 506. 654.

382. With whom lay the guilt of the King's death, this is well put by Salmasius. 385.

387. Proofs that the Presbyterian preachers had their full share in instigating the King's death.

392-3. Incendiary language of the two Du Moulins.

395. Respect paid to antiquity by the English Church.

401. Assembly of Divines-their lives written lately by James Reid, who regrets that the Covenant is no longer in operation!

403. Featley. 404. His reward for going with the reforming party. 460.

406. Nye's exhortations to blood.

407. Havoc in the cathedral at Norwich. 409. Say and Pym charged with enriching themselves, &c.

412. Calamy's sermon on Christmas Day.
415. Hammond on toleration.
452. The Covenant.

Cromwell's impulses.

458. The preachers called upon to add to their faith virtue, or military valour, as the word generally denotes in Homer," says Mr. Reid. Mr. R. is this what it denotes in St. Paul?

469. Twisse left in poverty, being too old to between the extremes of Popery and Presbytehelp himself. rianism, which meet.

520. A scheme for making Thursday the Sab- sands resorted to her; she extolled the covenant, bath.

and made bitter invectives against the opposers of it. Rollock, her favourite, and as was sup

521. The Eucharist. J. Mede. 532. Bishop Andrews. James, however, had posed, her tutor, being desired to pray with her, no such bias as is here imputed to him.

562. Burnet's declaration that resistance on account of religion is unlawful. 607. The Arminian doctrine.

answered he durst not do it, it being no good manners for him to speak while his master was speaking in her; when as by observation of the most intelligent, it appeared confederacy, and

564. Gerard Brandt's wise doctrine on this that she was not entranced; for in her pretended question.

575. Laud's tolerance. 655.

raptures she would make pertinent answers; and all she spake was in favour of the covenant, that

599. Grotius discouraged from coming to En- theirs was from heaven, but that that commandgland. 634. ed by his majesty from Satan, and that all its adherents should be confounded."-NALSOn, vol. 1, p. 93.

606. French Protestants acknowledge the Commonwealth.

607. The Parliament prayed for in the Dutch pulpits.

612. Grotius thought that a war for the Palatinate vigorously pursued would have operated as a safety valve and prevented the rebellion.

613. The Elector Palatine obtained at the treaty of Westphalia no more than had been refused when offered through Charles's ambassador many years before.

TREATY, 1639.

"Here by the way the reader shall observe a neat piece of presbyterian hypocrisy in Alexander Henderson, the minister of Edinburgh, the most rigid of the faction, and the main engine by whom the covenanting lords wound up the mobile and clergy to those heights. For it had been by him

626. Richelieu's notion of becoming Patriarch and his party made a great crime in the bishops of France.

635. Selden and Ship Money.

and clergy to meddle in secular and civil affairs; and this opinion was universally propagated

683. Laud's Arminianism the cause of his un- through the whole party, and stiffly maintained popularity.

686. Graduation of Calvinism.

The tendency to invent new forms of worship. 694. Great number of Roman Catholics in Holland.

by them to this day. Yet to see the admirable effects of presbytery, this very man thrusts himself into the heat of war, marches and encamps with an army, treats and advises as a commissioner, and to his eternal reproach gives a testimony of hypocrisy against himself and all the 700. Dr. Weston's knowledge of the Gun- associates of his opinion, signing this treaty, which powder Plot. was purely civil, with his own hand."—Ibid., vol. 1, p. 241.

699. Jesuit sowing schism.

730. Hammond's denial that any Papist was ever in this country put to death by the laws for his religion.

733. Effect of the rebellion in strengthening the Papists.

734. Views of Grotius for the Protestant cause. 735. Queen of Bohemia.

742. Mede upon silencing Nonconformist ministers.

753. Vossius shrunk from his duty toward Laud, his friend and benefactor.

772. State of religion in Scandinavia, not brought about without great difficulty, and some severity also.

773. Laud and Cromwell compared in point of toleration.

794. Sanderson. Our church the true mean

A DISCUSSION between Owen and some of the Scotch ministers at Glasgow, in Cromwell's presence. "Hugh Binning is said to have managed the dispute that he nonplused Cromwell's ministers, which led Oliver to ask, after the meeting was over, who that learned and bold young man was. Being told his name was Binning, he hath bound well indeed, said he, but (laying hand on his sword) this will loose all again."—ORME'S Life of Owen, p. 127. Biographia Scoticana, quoted, p. 167.

1638. FIRST commotion. "It is more dan