C. GROUP III

(1) Data. For the group of 80 college girls whose measurements were followed throughout the four years of college, the results show:

TABLE XXVIII

σ

COEFFICIENTS OF VARIATION = 100 m

FOR FOUR PHYSICAL TRAITS FOR 80 SWARTHMORE

I. The results for the eighty college girls from 17 to 21 years of age show a lower coefficient of variation than for girls from seven to 17 years of age, with a slight drop from the freshman year to the senior year.

II. The coefficient of variation for college girls for weight is lower than for the ages nine to 14 years, but higher than for 15, 16 and 17 years of age.

III. In breathing capacity there is a gradual decrease in the coefficient of variation for the college girls from the freshman to the senior year, and a lower coefficient than for any of the other ages previous to 17 years.

IV. For strength of right arm, the college girls show in general a coefficient of variability similar to the previous group after 13 years of age, the sophomore college girls being almost as high as the seven year old girls of the previous group.

8. GROWTH NORMS FOR GROUP USED FOR CORRELATIONS a. Data. In order to compare the group of Horace Mann boys and girls whose correlations have been expressed in Tables XVI and XVII with larger groups and with those from other schools, the averages of the individual for the eight traits used in the 19 series of correlations from seven to 18 years of age are expressed in Table XXIX.

The yearly records include 10,560 yearly measurements based on

semi-annual examinations for eight years or more on the same individuals, or approximately 60,000 measurements.

Standard Weight-Height-Age and Height-Breathing CapacityAge Tables for all of the normal standard children included in

this Study have been worked out and will be published in the form of a separate Table and Practical Score Card.

b. Conclusions

These results are typical for height, weight and breathing capacity and almost identical when compared with the previous norms for larger groups in the 1914 Bulletin and the new ones on page 152. The means for the other five traits are also very similar to the norms in the Supplement. It will be noted that:

I.

Girls are taller than the boys from 10 to 14 years of age. II. Girls are heavier than boys from nine to 16 years of age.

III. Girls are inferior to boys in breathing capacity for all ages. IV. Girls are superior to boys in sitting height from 10 to 16 years of age.

V. Girls are superior to boys in chest girth from 12 to 15 years

of age.

VI. Girls are inferior to boys in strength of right and left arms and upper back at all ages.

VII. For normal children between seven and 17 years of age, these results may be considered as normal average standards.

c. Applications. As normal standards these averages, their deviations, the yearly increments, the indices and the annual percents of gain may be used for evaluating the growth of groups of American children within these age limits. The norms, which are among the highest in the world, show what school medical inspecton, physical training and directed play can do for children; for many of these boys and girls were sickly or under-nourished when small and several are Hebrews, who are racially of small stature and small features.

9. MEAN DEVIATIONS IN GROWTH OF CORRELATION GROUPS

a. Data. In studying the comparative growth of a number of individuals for consecutive chronological ages, the mean deviations. are important on account of showing the distribution of individuals within the groups. The mean deviations are shown in Table XXX.

I.

b. Conclusions

The girls show higher mean variations than the boys at 12 and 13 years of age in height, lower at the other ages between seven and 18.

II. The mean variations for girls in weight and sitting height are higher for all ages from eight to 18 years.