diminution in the increment of growth for the 53 weeks. The artificially fed babies of this group, who, like the others, are at this period under the supervision of the physicians in charge, grow less rapidly just after birth, but tend to reach the normal weight toward the end of the first year. At the twentieth week, all but four out of 15 weighed at least 907 grams less than the average weight for that week; and at the end of the year, seven out of 10 weighed within 454 grams of the average or more. It is fairly certain that these artificially fed babies do not recover so quickly from the diseases which beset them as do the breast fed babies. A single attack of bronchitis or diarrhea may retard the normal growth for a month or more, while many of the apparently healthy breast fed babies will lose no weight at all unless complications arise.

b. Effects of Disease. The acuteness and duration of the disease, the nursing, the medical care and home conditions, together with the native vitality of the babies, no doubt have much to do with the manner in which the diseases affect growth and health, but some supplementary facts may be gleaned by including the disease histories recorded. For white girl babies, whooping cough and pneumonia apparently are serious in their effect on growth; recovery is slow and several months elapse before the child shows normal increase in weight. Constipation, intestinal indigestion and vomiting are usually accompanied by a slight loss in weight, but recovery is ordinarily rapid. When diarrhea occurs at the same time, it may be several weeks before normal growth is resumed. Diarrhea alone does not seem to have much effect on the weight of the otherwise healthy child. So also with the other diseases; if they occur singly the child usually maintains its normal growth, though it will seldom exceed it; when a child has two or more diseases, as is frequently the case, the weight is apt to fall below the average. These facts are given as supplementary data, and no direct conclusions can be drawn from them.

3. WHITE MALE BABIES

The average weight for the white boy babies at birth is 85 grams less than for the white girls, but the gain at first is more rapid, so that in the six to seven weeks period the boys are about 368 grams heavier than the girls. From that period to the end of the first year, their weights increase with equal rapidity, the average for the boys being, however, 454 grams ahead of the girls.

a. Effects of Artificial Feeding. Artificial feeding for this group apparently shows less effect on the boys than on the girls. Only six out of 15 weigh 907 grams less than the average at 20 weeks and at the end of the year all but two out of 13 are within 454 grams of the average. Also very few illnesses are recorded for these 15 babies. There is one case of whooping cought and one of pneumonia, and in both cases loss of weight is slight and recovery rapid. There is, therefore, some indication that even at this early period these boys are more robust than the girls.

b. Effects of Disease. The number of illnesses recorded for the white baby boys is less than two-thirds of the number recorded for white girls. The general effect of the different diseases on growth is apparently about the same as in the case of the girls. Such diseases as pneumonia, whooping cough, mumps, and measles may stop growth as indicated by weight for a month or two, but if the child is strong, recovery is very rapid.

The growth of these infants shows the same relationship to diet that was found in the case of the girls. Providing the mother has sufficient milk, the child's weight increases consistently for six or seven months. In most cases the boys have been given supplementary food, such as cow's milk, zwieback, cereals, and broth sometime between the sixth and ninth months, and in only a few cases has additional food been withheld until the eleventh month. Consequently, there are not so many cases which show the tendency for the growth to diminish during the ninth and tenth months as were found in the case of the girls who were entirely breast fed until the eleventh month.

4. COLORED FEMALE BABIES

The average weight for colored girl babies at birth is 3340 grams, which is 68 grams lighter than for colored boy babies at birth. The difference in weight between colored boys and colored girls continues negligible down to about the sixteenth week, when the difference is 284 grams. The boys are from 284 grams to 567 grams heavier from the sixteenth week to about the thirty-fifth week; from that time on the sexes differ less and less until at the fifty-second week the average weight for girls is 8474 grams and for the boys 8423 grams. The amount of difference between the average weights of the colored girls and the white girls varies a great deal. The white girls are heavier at birth, but the difference becomes less shortly after. From the period between the sixth and sixteenth weeks to the end of the first year the white girls are heavier, with the difference gradually increasing until at the end of the fifty-second week the white girls weigh 454 grams more than the colored girls.

The individual weights for the colored girls, as for the colored boys, show more irregularity than the weights of the white girls.

a. Effects of Artificial Feeding. Fifty per cent of the 16 artificially fed babies are 907 grams or more lighter than the average weight at 20 weeks, and at the end of the year

there are still seven out of 14 who are decidedly below average. The records show that several of the mothers worked or boarded out, which would interfere with the regularity of feeding and proper care, and this might account for the fact that these babies did not gain so much weight as the white babies who were artificially fed.

b. Effects of Disease. There are only half as many illnesses recorded for these colored girls as for the whites. The most frequent disease in every case is diarrhea, although it seldom has much.

effect on growth in weight. Four out of 116 babies died during the first year, one from pneumonia and one from intestinal indigestion; in the case of the other two, no cause was given. It is probable that the record of illness is not complete, a fact which would partially account for the apparently more healthy condition of the colored. girls.

The diet records show greater dependence on milk in some form for additional nourishment during the first 11 months than in the case of the white girl babies. In most cases the babies are given condensed milk or modified cow's milk besides the breast feedings, soon after the sixth month. Many of the white girl babies are given cereals, broth, rice, potato, or bread, but only a few colored babies are given this kind of food until the end of the year. This may have something to do with the fact that the white girls are heavier the last six months, although the colored babies are heavier up to the fifth month.

5. COLORED MALE BABIES

The weights for colored boys show more irregularity in growth than in the case of white boys. The average weight at birth for the colored boys is 3408 grams and for the white boys 3629 grams. Throughout the year the difference in weight varies a great deal, but the average weight for the colored boys is less than that of the white boys at every period except the 24 to 25 weeks period when it is just the same. The general tendency, however, is for the difference to be greater as the children get older. For example, at birth the difference is 221 grams, at the 16 and 17 weeks period it is 447 grams, and at the 52 and 53 weeks period it is 876 grams. The individual cases show the same irregularity in growth. There will be several weeks during which the increase in weight will be negligible, and no disease will be indicated on the record. The number of illnesses recorded for the colored boys is just about the same as for the white boys. Apparently, their growth is more retarded by home conditions and a general lack of care than an unusual amount of sickness.

a. Effects of Artificial Feeding. In the case of the colored boys, more of the artificially fed babies are below normal than in the case of the white boys. Out of 11, eight are more than 907 grams below average weight in the twentieth week. At the end of one year, six are still 907 grams or more below average, although the