these investigators, the black lines showing the growth of boys and the red lines the growth of girls. The norms of Baldwin (2) derived from a study of infants in the 99 counties of the State of Iowa are here published for the first time. The methods of collecting these data are described on page 58. The figures used for constructing the growth curves of Crum (1) are taken from his Anthropometric Table compiled for the American Medical Association from the measurements of children in 31 states-usually at baby TABLE IX HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF IOWA INFANTS contests. The data collected for the curve of Variot and Fliniaux (3) and reported to the Academy of Science at Paris 1914 represent the growth of breast-fed infants. Schmid-Monnard's (4) curve represents the growth of breast-fed children in Frankfurt am Main, 1891-92. The figures upon which these charts were constructed are given in the comparatives tables for infants, Part V. The number of cases HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS 56 52 B used to obtain the averages are given (when the investigator's own report includes them) in the footnotes to the comparative tables. 3. GROWTH CURVES IN WEIGHT-MALES AND FEMALES Chart VI page 54 represents the weight of infants reported in the same investigations as those mentioned above for height, and the curves are numbered the same. 68 64 13 80 GROWTH CURVES IN HEIGHT NORMS FOR BABIES 76 BOYS AND GIRLS 72 4. GROWTH CURVES IN HEIGHT MALES AND FEMALES COMBINED Chart VII page 55 gives the height of infants according to three investigators who combined the measurements of boys and girls in obtaining an average. The figures for the curve of Fleischner (2) were computed from his table of increments for well-nourished American infants published in 1906. Camerer's (1) curve represents the height of breast-fed boys and girls (German). These data were published in 1901. The curve of Russow (3) also represents the height of breast-fed German infants. These figures were published in 1881. 5. GROWTH CURVES IN WEIGHT-MALES AND FEMALES COMBINED In Chart VIII page 56 representing the weight of infants (sexes combined) these three investigators, Camerer (3), Fleischner (2) and Russow (8) are again represented, in addition to five others. The figures upon which the curve of Griffith (4) was constructed were estimated from a graph in his Diseases of Infants and Children. The actual measurements upon which his own graph was constructed seem never to have been published in table form. Presumably they represent the growth of American infants. The figures for Bouchaud's (5) curve for French infants were published in 1864. Broudie's (6) curve shows the growth of French infants (breast and bottle fed) according to measurements published in 1919. The figures upon which the curve for Newman (7) was drawn are quoted from Robertson who believes this Newman standard commonly used in England is really derived from French infants. The data of Fleischmann's (1) curve, obtained from German children, were published in 1877. 6. CONCLUSIONS I. The Crum charts and tables, beginning at six months, for 2945 selected infants at baby contests are too high for norms for American children in general. II. The curves of Baldwin and the Federal Children's Bureau for 9074 infants from birth to 12 months are the most satisfactory available normal standards for American children for height and weight. In weight they tend to drop below the best posited standard after six months. III. French and German infants are inferior to American infants) in height and weight during the first year of infancy. IV. The growth curves of Fleischner, Camerer and Russow are not reliable as norms for height, since they do not take account of sex differences. V. The combined weight curves of Camerer, Fleischner, Russow, Griffith, Bouchaud, Broudic, Newman, and Fleischmann are not reliable, since they do not differentiate between males and females. |