and was supposed to have buldged directly, as a very | great rippling appeared on the water immediately after her sinking. Whether this was the case or not, it is certain that fears began very shortly to arise in the minds of the spectators that an accident had occurred, as, although Day was provided with three buoys or messengers, which he could easily send to the surface, and by means of which he was, from time to time, to announce his safety, not one of them made its appearance. Notwithstanding this very suspicious circumstance, neither Mr Blake nor those who remained to witness the result of the experiment took any steps whatever. until the appointed twelve hours had elapsed; and then when neither buoys nor vessel made their appearance, they set to work with an energy which, had it been displayed at the proper time, might have benefited the unfortunate projector. Application for assistance was made to the captain of a frigate moored near the spot, which was immediately granted; and Lord Sandwich, who chanced to be at Plymouth at the time, ordered a number of men from the dockyard to aid in attempting to recover the vessel. Every effort that skill or ingenuity could devise was tried to effect this object, but without any satisfactory result; no vestige of either man or machine could be met with. A Dr Falck, desirous of ascertaining the contrivance made use of by Day, repeated the attempt to discover and weigh the vessel, but after persisting in his endeavours for upwards of six weeks, he despaired of success, and abandoned the attempt. That Day possessed some means of purifying and renewing the air contained in his machine was placed beyond a doubt by his various experiments, but all knowledge of the process perished with him. It is stated by Boyle that the celebrated Cornelius Drebelle invented a vessel capable of being rowed under water, and also a liquor to be carried in the vessel which could create fresh air: he further states that this vessel was made by order of James I. It carried twelve rowers besides passengers, and was tried in the Thames. There is a vagueness, however, about this statement (and the number of men said to have been carried in it is so improbable), that, to say the least of it, renders it very apochryphal looking. About two years ago, a French gentleman, Dr Payerne, professed to be able to accomplish precisely what Day undertook to do, viz., to remain in a diving bell, under water, and without any communication with the external air, for any indefinite period. He performed several experiments in London, which excited a considerable sensation in the scientific world, and gave rise to great expectations. On one occasion he descended in the diving-bell at the Polytechnic Institution, taking with him a box, supposed to contain his apparatus for restoring or renewing the atmosphere in the bell, together with a lighted candle. He remained in the bell between three and four hours; and upon being drawn up, it was found that the candle was still burning, and he, the operator, had suffered no inconvenience. This was, however, afterwards shown to be a very inconclusive experiment. The bell at the Polytechnic contained a very large quantity of atmospheric air, and it would have required two or three hours respiration to have so far deteriorated it as to render it incapable of supporting life. Calculating upon this, two gentlemen, after Dr Payerne's experiment, descended, and remained beneath the water nearly two hours, without communication with the external air, and without any attempt to interfere with it. As Dr Payerne failed in his more extended experi ments, for which great facilities were afforded, it was made abundantly manifest that although in promise he fully equalled poor Day, he fell very far short of him in performance. THE ANCIENT BARONET. AN ORIGINAL TALE. THERE are many affectations; and none deeper than "the pride which, apeing humility," pretends to despise titles and distinctions. Such things are of little value to the man of intrinsic worth, but to persons not exactly of this high caste, we daily see that they are useful. The child at school feels the value of its medal; the soldier that fights successfully and is decorated, feels his decoration a bond not only for future bravery in the field, but for the inheritors of the highest rank, may often forget the good behaviour everywhere. Thoughtless young men, claims of that rank, and there is a strong temptation to this in these days, when they are suffered to go undistinguished; but were certain of their number, as of old, perpetually marked by their dress and attendance, we would discover that distinction is of some value in society. The soldier and the sailor must not disgrace their uniforms, the judge his gown, nor the clergyman his cloth. Even the plain coat of a gentleman has a decided and powerful influence, and must not be degraded. In short, distinctions are founded in nature, and the desire for them is, with many, a strong incitement to excellence, and their possession the most powerful preservatives where better motives are imperfect. Badges of honour have, in consequence, been truly designated "the cheap defence of nations ;" they may also be as truly termed, like friendship, the "solder of society." No doubt a man of real worth and force of character will assert his place, in disregard of external marks of honour,-will always stand forth as one of nature's nobility. He may therefore justly disregard both titles and distinctions; but he is only one of a thousand, and should not exactly despise unworthy, to go and be like him. The distinctions of what incites, though by means which he may deem family, clan, and nation, have also their value in the meantime; and though perhaps the desire of enlightened men is that these also should cease, and that all men should feel of one family and of one nation, still, till that happy period shall arrive, the helps that tend to lead to it should not be despised. We do not We have been led into this digression by seeing that titles and honours begin to be frowned upon in certain quarters as beneath the dignity of man." say that this is from envy, nor even from any improper account. It may lead to contempt, and a desire to motive, but the feeling may be turned to very improper trample, instead of a manly, philosophical disregard, and extirpating titles by inimical coarseness instead of raising, as they are really calculated to do, into that equality of excellence that renders the assumption of distinction unnecessary, and therefore unpleasing. No man of title in his senses builds upon that title where he sees all are his equals. the influence of a title, the humblest in the scale of Our object at present is to show, from actual experience, hereditary honours, on the conduct of an individual, and the fortunes of a district and family. His Sir Robert Rose of Birchenbowers was the descendant of a line of lairds, in one of the low country districts of Scotland. Up to his time the lairds had led a coarse, scrambling, drinking, negligent kind of life; and he began the world as "the young laird" in a way that seemed likely to perpetuate the line in a similar manner. father had deeply involved the estate, and he himself gave no indications of a contrary disposition. At last his father, one afternoon, after his usual debauch, and but not much more so than was customary with him, put while sitting in his chair, breathing sonorously certainly, out his hand to his son sideways, and said, "Bob! I'm going! I'm going!-Be kind to the old woman and the girls-at least as far as you can. But I leave you a ravelled hasp-I have been a sad dog, but it's too late to think of it now.-I don't think you can recover it, but try if you can. You might one day be a baronet if you could support the title; but not a shilling of the money will come to you, and you have none of your own. Loose my neckcloth, and call your mother." "Bob" immediately loosened his father's neckcloth, and ran to summon the family; but ere any of them could join him, the poor laird was gone. When ROBERT ROSE in this way came to his estate, as it is termed, he found he had hardly any estate. Even his mother's jointure had been encroached upon to facilitate the last borrowing. A year is humanely given to heirs in Scotland to consider and decide whether they shall represent their ancestors, and several months of this year had been passed in merely ascertaining the debts. At last one afternoon, while he was sleeping in his chair -the very chair in which his father had died, and where he seemed likely to die also, without having done anything worthy of having lived, his mother entered, holding an open letter, which informed him that the relation of whom his father had spoken in his last moments was dead, but leaving him nothing but what was of little value, -his title. The new baronet fairly aroused himself at this announcement, but looked at his mother without speaking a word; and she very soon left the room, thinking only how they might procure such additions to their mournings as this fresh death rendered necessary. Of course, she never dreamt that her son would take up the title; nor did he in appearance. His only reflection was that he had not a shilling! The letter was from his cousin Helen, nearly as poor as himself; but it assumed that he would take up the title as a matter of course, and congratulated him and the family upon the occasion. He read the letter three or four times, and then dropt it insensibly upon the floor; after a brown study of about half an hour, he rose up, and passed into his apartment. From thence he issued very grave, in evening dress, and with his hair freshly powdered as was then the fashion. He joined his mother and sisters for a few moments, but was very abstracted and, as it seemed, deeply vexed. He walked out, and it was to the farm of a person who had once acted as steward to his father, and still came occasionally to the place, and with whom his conference was of some duration. Next day he mounted his horse, but with unusual gravity, and dressed with unusual care, mentioning only that he was going to the county town. On returning he had another long consultation with Thomas Kennedy, whom it now appeared he had reinstated as his steward, though he still kept possession of his own farm in the immediate neighbourhood; and finally, he stated to his mother and sisters that he thought he would take up the title. The mansion in which the family resided had been originally a tower, built in a morass, as was usual in old times-the Bog of Birchenhollow. The bog had been drained as far as circumstances admitted, and on its site a garden formed of considerable extent; and beyond that a wood, skirted in the interior by an orchard, sheltered the house and garden on the east and north. | Meantime, having removed his mother and sisters to the county town, and by some means procured a little money, he had the whole apartments cleaned and painted, new carpeting and hanging the whole in a plain but respectable manner, himself walking backward and forward to superintend the operations, and make whatever purchases were necessary; and these things done the family was recalled. People were astonished at once at the prudence and respectability of these proceedings, but more so at some other changes of more importance still. The stables and barns began to be attended to as the house had been; all the dilapidated dykes were again made "fencible;" the farm-horses that, though once good, had been so neglected as to seem in ruins with the rest, being now duly fed and cared for, resumed their natural appearance, and, in short, it began to be prophesied that "Birchenbowers" would prosper. An indolent tenant having quitted possession of a farm adjoining to the manor farm, that was announced to be about to be occupied by "the master,"-another sign of activity. Draining had not then come to be understood, but necessity suggested considerable operations of this description, and that also was speedily seen to be useful,— heavy crops being produced where formerly there had been nothing but unproductive marshes. There was only one species of operation that seemed at first questionable. Elf hillocks and burial cairns, spots that had remained untouched from time immemorial, and which it was considered "unlucky" to meddle with, were now removed, or ploughed over without mercy, "the master himself" being sometimes under the necessity of commencing the work. But this was soon promulgated as one of his principles. He declared that one-fifth might be added to the arable soil of his property by using it as it ought to be used; and he determined that it should be so used, as far as he could effect it. For this purpose, as soon as he had brought his own farm into a tolerably cultivable state, he offered his plough, drawn by twelve stout oxen, to every tenant in succession, so soon as, by removing earth-fast stones, whins, broom-roots, and other impediments, they were prepared to use it; and to such as were too indolent, or otherwise incapable of carrying his wishes into effect, he offered servants, horses, and oxen, with, of course, all necessary implements, at his own expense, but upon their agreeing to pay a fair value for the land improved. Had they refused both, he and they were to part. In short from the necessity of his situation, if he would not disgrace his title, and on the suggestion of his intelligent and faithful steward, he had become a determined improver. Even where the cultivation of the tenants had previously been considered good, he sent his ploughs without charge, to show them how their crops might be augmented more thoroughly by opening up the ground; and his actual success soon became more convincing than a thousand lectures. The old-fashioned farmers stood aghast at this invasion of their territories and thorough extirpation of their prejudices; "the laird" (for laird he was still occasionally called,) was considered extravagant This tower was incapable of much improvement in any from lending his ploughs, horses, carts, and every item respect. It was small, but with four circular projections of his establishment so freely; but he was really in this on the angles that considerably enlarged the apartments, one of the greatest economists; and would the prowhere, from the absence of stairs, such appendages could prietors of waste lands, or lands imperfectly cultivated, be added. The original entrance was in the south-adopt the system of either at once improving their lands, western angle, and the stair there being mounted led or keeping ambulatory apparatus of the necessary into a small ball of entrance, close by which was the strength at the command of their small but improving dining-room. A similar stair in the angle at the farther tenants, there is yet scope enough for agricultural imend of this hall led to the middle floor, or drawing-provement in these kingdoms to render their whole room; and above these were the bed-rooms, small and few in number, but still affording accommodation, though on a limited scale, to an ordinary sized family. The only alteration the new inheritor proposed was to make an entrance on the west in the centre of the building, ascended to by two converging stairs, and with pillars and a pediment to protect the entrance. And, as a kitchen and hall had been built in the north end (a low one-storied building), he contemplated that, should he have the means of raising that into two storeys, in something like the style of the tower, and adding a similar wing on the south, he should have a sufficient residence. people wealthy and happy for many generations. Nearly one hundred and fifty years have passed since the circumstances now narrated took place; yet there are men still living who remember this respectable man and useful proprietor in his old age, and have seen his plough going in the lands of his tenants. It may be conceived that industry was not the sole virtue of the baronet. Without the slightest purpose or pretension, his whole life was an example, and all, as it is believed, from the accident of his title, for, from the moment that it devolved upon him, and he determined to assume it, he felt as if he were no longer a common man; that he had a rank to maintain which could only be maintained by suitable conduct and a suitable fortune, and he determined to aim at both. He therefore at once adopted a reserve and dignity widely different from his previous conduct; and, knowing that he had no fortune until he should acquire it, he set himself to that also. He had certain rents, many of them payable in kind and in services; and, instead of wasting the first in a purposeless hospitality, and the last by tolerating an imperfect tillage in others while he could cultivate better for himself, he determined on converting both into money as far as practicable. His granaries, therefore, became the depôts for the neighbourhood of every species of produce usually paid as rent; his pastures were constantly overflowing with sheep and cattle, at once using and enriching them. He soon married the cousin who had announced his accession, and she proved a prudent and excellent wife, and as much impressed with the dignity of the baronetage as himself, perhaps greatly more; for it is well remembered of her, that if any one in ignorance asked for "the laird," her uniform answer was, "We have no lairds here;" or for the knight, "We have no knights." Nothing but the Baronet or Sir Robert would pass. Their habits were most probably the habits of the day, but remarked in them as remarkable persons. It is recorded, that every morning about eleven o'clock, Lady Helen (as she was called) descended to the kitchen in her morning wrapper to settle the dinner bill and dessert. That hour was also known to be the hour at which she received tenants bringing poultry or eggs in payment of their rents in kind; and she settled these matters, and gave her acknowledgments with great decision and dignity. From that period till dinner, she walked in the garden, or received company, or rode out in the carriage, though the roads did not much encourage this; while the baronet, if he did not accompany her, walked or rode over the farm, or stood by while grain or meal were received by his steward. At dinner, full-dress was constant, whether there might be company or not; the baronet, for the most part, wearing the ribbon and medal of his order, and always doing so when strangers were present. After dinner, on state occasions, there would be music, the lady performing on the spinnet; when, so great was the treat considered, that all the servants who could attend, and many of their friends, would be listening at the door. They always retired early and decorously, and so closed the day. All the riotous living of the old times was completely abandoned. There was nothing but order and sobriety, and anything approaching to jollity would have been considered as indecorous in the house of this "ancient baronet" as in the house of a dignitary of the church. He would frequently say to his tenants or servants, when he conceived them misconducting themselves, "I cannot scold;" that is, he considered it unsuitable to his dignity; but this was considered a severe reproof. Once, in the orchard, as he approached old age, his hat and wig were removed by the branches, and a servant who witnessed the circumstance, being observed by the lady to laugh, he was dismissed. The tailor came to "the place" to make the liveries for servants, a shoemaker to make the shoes; and the baronet kept the key of the store. On Sundays, in winter, when it snowed or rained heavily, he read prayers and a sermon in the dining-room; and his opinion, stated through his steward, settled all disputes; for the tenants feared or respected him so much that they could not venture to state any cause of quarrel to himself; they would rather have abandoned the subject. Nor was all this personal dignity marred by external circumstances. He never quitted the old tower; but having executed his original design of throwing out a wing at each end in the style of the centre tower, he acquired very excellent apartments, and left, at little expense, a picturesque and beautiful residence. The carpets of the principal apartments were at last from Turkey; the hangings of the windows velvet deeply fringed with gold. This last was, indeed, considered beyond the state authorised by a simple baronetcy; it was equal to what was accounted proper to a baron or earl; but Lady Helen was ambitious, and they could amply | afford it. When they died, their state dresses were numerous, hers of the finest damask silk, and fit (to use an expression common in such circumstances) "to stand alone;" and his of the finest French cloth, pierced, or, as it is termed, "fine-drawn," in every seam! such was an "ancient baronet." Farther, his father, "the laird," had died indebted to every neighbour, and to every tenant, by bond and bill, ticket and account. He left bonds over almost every estate in his neighbourhood; and his descendants, from following his example, and, it may be added, marrying as their fortune and title justified, are now ripe for the peerage, and, indeed, hold by marriage the estates of a peer, whose title will lapse unless revived for them. It is perfectly true that all this might have been done by a commoner, as well as by a person who considered himself of a higher rank; and that the manners of this "ancient baronet" are now as common among the untitled as among the titled; but they were not so in those days. They would have been considered affected and ridiculous, and almost excluded the party practising them from the intercourse of his equals. Such gradations, therefore, have at least been useful, and such gradations may be useful still. In the meantime, as our sketch is a faithful representation of an old and respectable family, it may have some interest simply as a picture of the times gone by, and even impress some who have no ostensible rank to sustain with the use as well as gracefulness of a respectable reserve, a prudent and dignified economy. A NAVAL ENGAGEMENT. THE following dexterous naval manœuvre is contained in Admiral Ďurham's Life. When commanding the Venerable, the Admiral came in sight of two French vessels, "And, from the superiority of the Venerable's sailing, came up within hail of them at sunset, and called out to the sternmost vessel to bring to, upon which she hoisted French colours, and, for answer, poured in her whole broadside and musketry, which was instantly returned, everybody being at quarters. The Frenchman fired a second broadside, and in the smoke bore up under all sail, and ran right on board the Venerable with the intention of boarding her. Observing his higher sails becalmed above the smoke, the admiral suspected what his intention was, and called out to the man at the helm to ease her off, so as to let him strike obliquely. However, he came into them, going about nine knots an hour, and struck the Venerable such a blow that the admiral and most of the marines on the poop were knocked down. The boarders were then called up: and they lashed the Frenchman forward, while he was secured abaft. The order was then given to board, and they made good use of their cutlasses, killing and wounding a great number before she struck her colours, and, as it was then dark, the other frigate escaped for the time. When the French captain came on board to deliver up his sword, it was found he was wounded in several places; but he was so enraged at the captain of the other frigate having run away, that he could think of nothing else. The other captain was the senior of the two, and had promised to run on board the Venerable at the same time. The admiral sent him into his cabin, telling him the surgeon would attend him. It being a rainy night, the admiral put on his great-coat over his uniform, and having occasion to go to his cabin, he found the surgeon dressing the French captain's wounds, and a marine holding the lanthorn, which he took from him, and held himself, and said to the Frenchman, Your comrade hailed you just as we came up.' He answered, 'Yes; he said if we part company I shall change my course every two hours, two points west, and my rendezvous will be in the north-west.' Admiral Durham immediately gave back the lanthorn to the marine, called for the log, and wrote on it eight o'clock, wind E.N.E. The ship was so much disabled that it was nearly two days before she and the prize could be got ready to proceed. The admiral then called the master, and told him the particulars, which were a plain problem to work. He calculated the frigate would be in the W.N.W., distant about 200 miles. Admiral Durham desired the captain to steer to the N.W. under all possible sail; the latter seemed much astonished, and said, "Then you are not going to the West Indies?' That does not follow.' Next day at noon they had run about 153 miles; and the admiral called out to the look-out man to know if he saw any strange sail. The captain seeing him so anxious, remarked, Admiral, you seem to have got something in your head.' 'I have,' was the reply; I expect to see the other frigate.' 'Well, that is a most extraordinary idea; I don't think there is the smallest chance of it.' The admiral replied, "If I had taken your advice, I should never have seen either of them." Shortly after this conversation, the man at the mast head called out, 'A sail on the weather bow.' The captain went up to look at her, and said, 'She is a small vessel, and looks like one of our traders running to the southward.' Admiral Durham called for his long glass, saying he would go up and look at her himself. As he was going up the forerigging he overheard the men saying, 'What a rum admiral we have got; he is going aloft.' The ship's company were all strangers to him, never having sailed with him before. As soon as he got a look at the strange sail, he felt convinced it was the frigate, and called out to the captain to disguise the ship as much as possible, and to steer straight for her. On hearing this, the ship's company were all in a stir, the captain still persisting it was not the frigate. She came down to the Venerable under all sail, supposing it was her consort, and came a little too near before she was undeceived. On perceiving her mistake, she hauled round to make her escape. 'Look there,' said the admiral, 'did you ever see that stern before?' As night was closing, and dirty weather coming on, Admiral Durham picked out three midshipmen, who were qualified for lieutenants,-in short, a whole staff for a ship's company,-and told them to keep a sharp look out for the Frenchman during the night, and not to lose sight of her, as their promotion depended upon her being taken. He went on the poop himself, and remained there till the frigate struck. In the morning she was about two miles distant. On coming up with the frigate she gave a sheer to port, to give the Venerable her larboard broadside; the captain called out to the helmsman to do the same, to enable her to bring her broadside to bear on the frigate. Admiral Durham immediately gave orders to do quite the contrary, so as to allow the Frenchman's broadside to pass obliquely, which was done. She then sheered to starboard to give the Venerable the other broadside-upon which the latter again did the contrary. By these judicious manœuvres the Venerable received no other damage than a few shots through the sails; and by the time the frigate came to her original course, the Venerable's bowsprit was in her mizzen rigging, and she hauled down her colours without Admiral Durham firing a shot at her; upon which the captain said, 'I wish you joy of your prize, but you risked the lives of a number of our people.' Admiral Durham made answer, 'If we had given her a broadside, and killed thirty or forty of her crew, and disabled the ship, which I mean to take to the West Indies with me, what satisfaction would it have been? We have now a ship which has not lost a rope. If you choose to have the command of her she is at your service.' The names of the two frigates taken on this occasion were-the first, Alcmene, forty-four guns, and three hundred and fifty men, commanded by Captain Ducrest de Villeneuve, who had so gallantly defended her. The second was the Iphigenie, of forty-four guns, and three hundred and fifty men, with one hundred and fifty British seamen on board, as prisoners, taken out of ships belonging to Lord Colville's convoy. Admiral Durham then steered for the West Indies, taking his prizes with him. The Venerable's loss, on this occasion, was two seamen killed and four wounded. That of the enemy, two petty officers and thirty seamen killed, and fifty wounded. The damage done to the Venerable, by the Alcmene running into her, consisted of three lower deck ports knocked off, the foresail yard carried away, and the rigging, stays, and bobstays, much cut by the shot." FATHER MATHEW AT HOME. WE extract, from the Scottish Temperance Review, the following account of an interview with Father Mathew, contained in a letter addressed to a gentleman in America, by F. Douglas:— "On the morning after the Cork soiree, Father Mathew invited us to breakfast with him at his own house-an honour quite unexpected, and one for which I felt unprepared. I however accepted his kind invitation, and went. I found him living in a very humble dwelling, and in an obscure street. As I approached he came out of his house, and took me about thirty yards from his door, and with uplifted hands, in a manner altogether peculiar to himself, and with a face beaming benevolent expression, he exclaimed-Welcome! welcome! my dear sir, to my humble abode;' at the same time taking me cordially by the hand, conducted me through a rough, uncarpeted passage, to a green door leading to an uncarpeted stairway, on ascending one flight of which I found myself abruptly ushered into what appeared to be both drawing and dining-room. There was no carpet on the floor, and very little furniture of any kind in the room; an old-fashioned sideboard, a few chairs, three or four pictures hung carelessly around the walls, comprised nearly the whole furniture of the room. The breakfasttable was set when I went in. A large urn stood in the middle, surrounded by cups, saucers, plates, knives and forks, spoons, &c., all of a very plain order-rather too plain, thought, for so great a man. His greatness, however, was not dependent on outward show, nor was it obscured from me by his plainness. It showed that he could be great without the ordinary attractions with which men of his rank and means are generally anxious to surround themselves. Upon entering the room, Father Mathew introduced me to Mr W. O'Conner, an invited guest, a gentleman of property and standing, and, though not a teetotaler, yet an ardent admirer of Father Mathew. As an evidence of his devoted attachment, honour, and esteem, Mr O'Conner has erected a splendid tower on his own land, about four miles from Cork, in a very conspicuous place, having a commanding view of the harbour of Cork, and a view of the beautiful hills for miles around. The presence of this gentleman at the breakfast, afforded me an excellent opportunity of witnessing Father Mathew's faithfulness to his friends. I found him entirely uncompromising. This gentleman complained a little of his severity towards the distillers of Cork, who had large amounts invested in distilleries, and who could not be expected to give their business up to their ruin. To which Father Mathew replied, in the natural way, that such men had no right to prosper by the ruin of others. He said he was once met by a very rich distiller, who asked him rather imploringly, how he could so deliberately plot the ruin of so many good and unoffending people, who had their all invested in distilleries? In reply, Father Mathew then told, with good spirit, the following excellent anecdote :- A very fat old duck went out early one morning in pursuit of worms, and after being out all day, she succeeded in filling her crop, and on her return home at night, with her crop full of worms, she had the misfortune to be met by a fox, who at once proposed to take her life to satisfy his hunger. The old duck appealed, argued, implored, and remonstrated. She said to the fox, You cannot be so wicked and hard-hearted as to take the life of a harmless duck, merely to satisfy your hunger.' She exhorted him against the commission of so great a sin, and begged him not to stain his soul with innocent blood. When the fox could stand her cant no longer, he said, 'Out upon you, madam, with all your fine feathers, you are a pretty thing, indeed, to lecture me about taking life to satisfy my hunger-is not your own crop now full of worms? You destroy more lives in one day, to satisfy your hunger, than I do in a whole month!" Father Mathew has a fund of anecdotes, which he tells in the happiest manner, always to the point, and with most excellent effect. His whole sonl appeared to be wrapped up in the temperance cause. The aim of his life appears to be to spread the blessings of temperance over the whole world. To accomplish this he spares no pains. His time, strength, and money are all freely given to the cause; and his success is truly wonderful. When he is at home, his house is literally surrounded with persons, many of whom have come miles to take the pledge. He seldom takes a meal without being interrupted by some one to take the pledge. He was called away twice while I was there, to dismiss a number who had come to take the pledge. This he did with great delight. "Cork contains one hundred thousand inhabitants. One half of this number have taken the pledge of Father Mathew. The change already wrought in the condition of the whole people of Ireland is almost, through his labours, miraculous; and the cause is still advancing. Five millions, four hundred and eighty-seven thousand, three hundred and ninety-five souls have received the pledge from him, and still they come.' So entirely charmed by the goodness of this truly good man was I, that I besought him to administer the pledge to me. He complied with promptness, and gave me a beautiful silver pledge. I now reckon myself with delight the fifth of the last five of Father Mathew's 5,487,495 temperance children." Miscellaneous. THE VALUE OF SMOKE.-A striking instance of economic talent came to our knowledge in the district of Alston Moor. From the smelting earths of one "house," an arched tunnel conducts the smoke to an outlet at a distance from the works, in a waste spot, where no one can complain of it. The gathering matter or "fume" resulting from the passage of the smoke is annually submitted to a process, by which at that time it yielded enough to pay for the construction of a chimney. A similar tunnel chimney three miles in length was erecting at Allendale. Its fume will yield thousands of pounds sterling per annum. Truly, here it may be said that smoke does not end in smoke.-British Quarterly Beview. EDUCATION OF CHILDREN.-Neither the illustrious preceptor of Alexander, nor the amiable preceptor of the Duke of Burgundy, nor all the professors of the universities of England and France, ever effected so much in the way of education as that unrecognised president of all universities and public schools-Example. From the hour of their birth children begin to imitate. Their first | words are mimicries of what they hear pronounced before them: hence the origin of different idioms and enunciations. Montaigne made Latin the mother tongue of his son, by surrounding him with persons who spoke no other language, and even a nurse who spoke Latin. The intellect of children expands long before they have the power of expressing their ideas. Physicians have affirmed that children have been known to die of jealousy before they were old enough to express their sensations. Excessive notice of another child, or seeming neglect of themselves has been found to induce a state of languor, and hasten their end. Young children suffer doubly in illness, from the incapability of expressing their pain. Their language being formed upon our own, and their conduct framed upon our own, the duty of placing desirable examples before them is sufficiently evident; yet we frequently punish them for faults of which the first lesson was given by ourselves. In many conditions of life, however, parents are forced to delegate to other hands the care of their progeny. The labouring poor, for instance, cannot constantly watch over them. While the rich wantonly confide their infants to the care of menial hands, the poor trust them to any which God is pleased to send to their aid. It is even more essential to avoid giving bad examples to children than to offer them good. Yet how often are family dissensions and recriminations exposed to their observation! A man and wife living ill together, who so far forget themselves as to quarrel before their children, create a preference and partizanship which must diminish the respect equally due to both parents. In humbler life, abusive language often ends with blows; and what must be the effect of such scenes on the tender mind of infancy? The presence of children on such occasions, when proved before the magistracy, ought to be considered an aggravation of the offence against the law. Fathers and mothers, by upbraiding each other in presence of their children, often beget impressions which all their future representations are unable to eradicate; and of what avail to the comfort of parents the brilliant accomplishments and attractive manners of their children, if a son have been taught to disparage his father, or a daughter to think ill of her mother? Often do children so young as to appear deficient in observation, receive vague but indelible impressions, afterwards recalled by a retrospective view, when the past appears clear and free from the vapours which veiled it from our earlier comprehension. Among the lower orders, if a poor man be laborious, his son is usually the same. But the son of a father who ill-uses the mother, is pretty sure to turn out an idler and a dunce in childhood, and, in riper years, a ruffian.-Albany Poyntz. A GREAT PRINTING OFFICE.-The office of the Rotary Press covers an area of 14,283 square feet, embracing fifteen rooms. It is lighted by day by 1664 squares of glass set in 100 different windows; and by night by gas shooting up from 100 different burners. In those premises we have one steam-engine of ten horse power, three Adam's power presses, two Napier presses, three rotary presses, two Ruggle's job-presses, eleven hand-presses, two copperplate presses, two embossing presses, one hydraulic press, four standing presses, one small power press, two paper cutters, three card cutters, one ink-mill, and four machines for shaving stereotype plates, two of which are moved by steam-power. We have more than 400 different styles of types, borders, flowers, and cuts of various sorts, in weight 30,000lbs. These are all held in their places by means of 866 type cases, of brass galleys, 200 feet standing galleys, 330 chases, and 3 bushels of quoins. We have two large cisterns, which contain about 1000 gallons, or upwards of 18 hogsheads of water. This is distributed through every part of the office by means of 500 feet of lead pipe. We use six hogsheads of water per day, which, supposing it was brought in buckets, would take one man 13 hours each day to furnish, allowing him to bring four gallons every ten minutes. Our various presses throw off in the course of the year 6,069,480 sheets of paper, or 12,645 reams. Supposing each sheet to be but 2 feet long, and that they were placed in one continuous line, they would stretch out to 15,173,700 feet, or nearly 2875 miles, about the distance from here to Europe. It is computed that we have printed the past year 130,240,000 pages of books, 64,000 circulars, 25,000 commercial and lawyer's blanks, 20,000 cheques, 25,000 billets, 500,000 bill-heads, 300,000 shop bills and hand bills, and 2,000,000 of labels. We have cut up, printed, embossed, and sold 1,201,520 cards, or 24,030 packs. Our average consumption of coal is over two tons a week, or more than 100 tons a year. Besides our 100 gas burners, we use about 150 gallons of oil for extra lights and machinery. For our various printing it takes 1200 pounds of ink per annum, besides gold leaf, bronze, and size. In our type and stereotype foundry we have used the past year 50,000 lbs. of metal, and turned out 7000 stereotype plates of various sizes and shapes. In our whole establishment we employ usually about 100 hands, and it is safe to conclude that our office affords direct sustenance to at least 500 persons.-Boston Paper. A MEPHISTOPHELES VIEW OF LEARNING.-Student, I would wish to be profoundly learned, and should like to comprehend what is upon earth or in heaven, science and nature.-Mephistopheles, You are here upon the right scent, but you must not suffer your attention to be distracted.-Študent, I am heart and soul in the cause. A little relaxation and pastime, to be sure, would not come amiss on bright summer holidays.-Mephist., Make the most of time, it glides away so fast. But method teaches you to gain time. For this reason, my good friend, I advise you to begin with a course of logic. In this study the mind is well broken in-laced up in Spanish boots |