Page.

ART. XV. Review of Darwin's Theory on the Origin of Species

by means of Natural Selection,

152

XVI. Forces; by THEODORE LYMAN,

185

XVII. On the causes of deviation in Elongated Projectiles; by

Maj. J. G. BARNARD, U. S. A.,

XVIII. Gulf Stream Explorations-Third Memoir. Distribution

of Temperature in the Water of the Florida Channel and

Straits; by A. D. BACHE, Sup't U. S. Coast Survey.-With

Diagrams,

191

- 199

208

XIX. On the Chemical Composition of Pectolite; by J.D.WHITNEY, 205

XX. Notes on the Ancient Vegetation of North America; by

Dr. J. S. NEWBERRY. In a letter to Prof. DANA,

XXI. Abstract of a Meteorological Journal, kept at Marietta,

Ohio; by S. P. HILDRETH, M.D.,

218

XXII. Geographical Notices; by DANIEL C. GILMAN. No. XI, 221

Biographical Sketch of CARL RITTER, 221.-LENTZ's Report

on his Explorations in Persia and Afghanistan, 232.-SCHLA-

GINTWEIT'S Ethnographical Collections, 235.-A. SCHLAGINT-

WEIT'S Death in Turkistan, 236.-Letter from Dr. LIVINGS-

TONE, 337.—KRAPF's Residence and Travel's in Eastern Af-.

rica, 240.-SPEKE'S Explorations in Eastern Africa, 242.-

H. SCHLAGINTWEIT on the Salt Lakes of the Himalayas, 245.

-Journal of the Roy. Geographical Soc. of London, 246.

XXIII. On the Species of Calceola found in Tennessee:- Calceola

Americana; by Prof. J. M. SAFFORD,

XXIV. The Great Auroral Exhibition of August 28th to Septem-

ber 4th, 1859.-3d Article,

XXV. Correspondence of Mr. JEROME NICKLES-Biography—

248

- 219

Cagniard-Latour, 266.-The Aurora Borealis and its theory,

268.-Human Remains in the Drift: Curare in the treat-

ment of Tetanus, 269.-The new alloys of Platinum :

Rifled Cannon, 270.-Acclimation: Photo-Chemical Re-

searches Persistent Activity of Light: Maritime Canals,

271

Chemistry and Physics.-On two new series of Organic Acids, HEINTZ, 272.-On the

chemical constitution of Isethionic acid and Taurin, KOLBE: Researches on the atomic

weight of Graphite, BRODIE, 274.-On the Cause of Color and the Theory of Light, by

Mr. JOHN SMITH, M.A., 276.

Technical Chemistry.-Vegetable Parchment-Papyrine, 278.-Weighing of Moist Pre-

cipitates, by FERDINAND F. MAYER. 280.-New Chemical Journal, by W. CROOKES:

American Druggists' Circular and Chemical Gazette, 282.

Geology. On some of the Igneous Rocks of Canada, by T. STERRY HUNT, F.R.S., 282.

-Notes on the Dolomites of the Paris Basin, etc., by T. STERRY HUNT, F.R.S., 284.

-New Paleozoic Fossils, by J. H. McCHESNEY, 285.-Explorations in Nebraska, 286.

-Geological Surveys of South Carolina and Kentucky: First report of Progress of

the Geological and Agricultural Survey of Texas, by B, F. SHUMARD, M.D., 287—

Post-pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina, by FRANCIS S. HOLMES, A.M., &c.: Assini-

boine and Saskatchewan Exploring Expedition, by Prof. HENRY YOULE HIND, M.A.:

Geology for Teachers, Classes, and Private Students, by SANBORN TENNEY, A.M., 288.

Zoology.-On Botanical and Zoological Nomenclature, by WM. STIMPSON, 289.-Les gen-

res Loriope et Peltogaster, H. RATHKE, par W. LILJEBORG: Neue Wirbellose Thiere,

beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde, von LUDWIG K. SCHMARDA,

293.-A Supplement to the Terrestrial Air-breathing Mollusks of the United States and

the adjacent Territories of North America, by W. G. BINNEY: Catalogue of the Re-

cent Marine Shells found on the Coasts of North and South America, by J. D. Kurtz,

294.-Proceedings of Scientific Societies: New Zoological Journal, by Dr. H. F. WEIN-

LAND, 295.

Astronomy and Meteorology.-Supposed intra-Mercurial planet: Mr. Alvan Clark's New

Micrometer for measuring large Distances, 296.-New Double Stars discovered by

Mr. Alvan Clark, communicated by the Rev. W. R. Dawes, 297.-Notice of the Me-

teor of Nov. 15, 1859, by Prof. E. LOOMIS, 298-Sandwich Island Meteor of Nov. 14,

1859: Der Meteoreiesnfall von Hraschina bei Agram am 26 Mai 1751, von W. HAI-

DINGER, 300.

Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.-Monthly varying level of Lake Ontario, 300.-

Eruption of Mauna Loa, Sandwich Islands, from letters of Prof. R. C. HASKELL and

Rev T. COAN, 301, 302.

Book Notices.-TRUBNER'S Bibliographical Guide to American Literature, 302.—Manual

of Public Libraries, etc., in the United States and British Provinces of North America,

by WILLIAM J. RHEES: The New American Cyclopedia; a popular Dictionary of

general Knowledge, edited by GEO. RIPLEY and CHAS. A. DANA, 303.

Obituary. Mr. Gustavus Wurdemann: James P. Espy: Jean-Fréd.-Ludw. Hausmann,

304.

Page.

ART. XXVI. On the Origination and Distribution of Vegetable

Species:-Introductory Essay to the Flora of Tasmania;

by Dr. JOSEPH D. HOOKER, (Concluded), -

306

326

XXVII. On the Coloring Matter of the Privet and its applica-

tion in the Analysis of Potable Waters; by Mr. JEKOME

NICKLES,

XXVIII. On the Method of Measurements, as a diagnostic

means of distinguishing Human Races, adopted by Drs.

Scherzer and Schwarz, in the Austrian circumnavigatory

Expedition of the "Novara"; by JOSEPH BARNARD DAVIS, 329

XXIX. Report of Assistant Charles A. Schott, on the latest re-

sults of the Discussion of the Secular Change of the Mag.

netic Declination, accompanied by tables showing the decli

nation (variation of the needle) for every tenth year from

the date of the earliest reliable observations, for twenty-six

stations on the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts of the Uni-

ted States,

XXX. Caricography; by Prof. C. DEWEY,

Page.

335

346

XXXI. On Numerical Relations existing between the Equivalent

Numbers of Elementary Bodies; by M. CAREY LEA. Part II, 349

XXXII. Ornithichnites, or tracks resembling those of Birds; by

ROSWELL FIELD,

361.

XXXIII. Eighth Supplement to Dana's Mineralogy; by Prof.

GEO. J. Brush,

363

383

386

XXXIV. Theoretical Determination of the Dimensions of Do-

nati's Comet; by Prof. W. A. NORTON,

XXXV. The Great Auroral Exhibition of Aug. 28th to Sept. 4th,

1859. 4th Article,

XXXVI.-Geographical Notices; by DANIEL C. GILMAN. No. XII, 400

Reprint of a Tract, by NICOLAUS SILLACIUS, (A. D. 1494),

on the Second Voyage of Columbus: Voyage around the

World of the Austrian Frigate Novara, 400.-Dr. HAYES'S

Proposed Arctic Journey, 401.-Journal of the American

Geographical and Statistical Society: Explorations in the

Amoor Region, 402.-KHANIKOFF's Travels in Persia, 409.

XXXVII. Correspondence of Prof. JEROME NICKLES.-French

Academy of Sciences-Distribution of Prizes: Prize for

Astronomy, 410.-Prize for Mechanics: Physical Science:

Experimental Physiology, 411.--Pasteur's researches on fer-

mentation, 412.-Transplantation of the Periosteum: Prize

relative to the unhealthy Arts: Medical Prize, 413.-Prize

for Organic Chemistry: Bréant Prize: Prizes for 1861-62,

414.-Obituary-Death of Poinsot: Discovery of an Intra-

Mercurial Planet, 415.-New members elected: Hypnotism

and Magnetism, 417.-Porous bodies, 418.-Application of

electric light in Medicine, 419.-Phosphorescence: Works

of Arago Bibliography, 420.

XXXVIII. Description of an Equatorial recently erected at Hope-

field Observatory, Haddenham, Bucks; by the Rev. W. R.

DAWES,

410

421

Chemistry and Physics.-On Fraunhofer's Lines, KIRCHOFF, 423.-On the direct conver-

sion of Lactic into Propionic Acid, LAUTERMANN: On the formation of Alanin from

Lactic Acid, KOLBE: On the constitution of Lactic Acid, KOLBE: Contributions to the

Chemistry of the Platinum-metals, CLAUS, 425.-Synthesis of new Bases containing

Oxygen, WURTZ, 426-On a new series of Alcohols, WURTZ: Researches on the Pla-

tinum metals, Dr. WOLCOTT GIBBS, 427.

Technical Chemistry.-Solution of Cellulose in Ammonio-oxyd of Copper: Decoloration

of Indigo by Sesquioxyd of Iron, 429.-Aluminum Leaf: Critical and Experimental

Contribution to the Theory of Dyeing, 430.-Cellulose Digested by Sheep, 432.

Geology.-Notes on the Geology of Nebraska and Utah Territory, by Dr. F. V. HAYDEN,

433.-Note on Prof. Newberry's criticisms of Prof. Heer's determination of species

of North American Fossil Plants, by LEO LESQUEREUX, 434.

Botany and Zoology.-Florula Ajanensis, by REGEL and TILING: Primite Flora Amu-

rensis, by C. J. MAXIMOWIEZ, 436.--Harvey's Thesaurus Capensis: Hooker's species

Filicum, or Descriptions of all known Ferns: Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnæan

Society, 437.-Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, 438.--J. D. Hooker's Flora Tasmania: Poi-

son of Plants by Arsenic, 440.-Botanical Necrology for the year 1859-C. A. Agardh :

Arthur Henfrey: Dr. Thomas Horsefield: A. L. S. Lejeune: Thomas Nuttall, 441.—

Zoological Notices.--A trip to Beaufort, N. C., by WM. STIMPSON, M.D., 442.

Meteorology and Astronomy.-Abstract of Meteorological Observations at Sacramento,

Cal., by THOMAS M. LOGAN, M.D., 446.-Daylight Meteor of Nov. 15th, 1859, 447.

Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.-Probable origin of Flint Nodules in Chalk, 447.—

New form of Compressor for use with the Microscope, by S. MORTON CLARK, 448.—

On Contraction of the Muscles induced by contact with bodies in vibration, by Prof.

O. N. ROOD: Large Object-Glass: Boyden Premium: Geological Survey of Califor-

nia, 449.

Book Notices.--Elements of Chemical Physics, by Prof. JOSIAH P. COOKE, Jr., 450.-

Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections: The New American Cyclopedia, 451.-Cav-

endish Socy's Ed. of Gmelin's Hand Book of Chemistry: LIEBER; Geology of South

Carolina Fundamental Ideas of Mechanics and Experimental Data, by A. MORIN;

revised, translated, &c., by JOSEPH BENNETT, C. E., 452.-Gangstudien, oder Beiträge

zur Kenntniss der Erzgänge, 453.

Notices of New Publications, 453, 454.

Proceedings of Societies, 454.

Index, 455.

ERRATA.

P. 101, 1. 4, for "ethyl," read "silver."

"102, 1. 13, for "435," read "448" (as the half sum of equivalents U and Ni.)

"102, 1. 25, for "Mg," read "Mn."

Vol. XXVIII, p. 135, 1. 33 from top, for Vol. VI, read Vol. IV.-P. 356, line 20 from bot-
tom, after the word "cultivation," insert a period, putting a capital W for the word
"where." Same page, line 19 from bottom, omit "then."-P. 357. line 10 from top, for
deposition of sand," read "deposition of mud."

THE

AMERICAN

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ARTS.

[SECOND SERIES.1

ART. I. On the Origination and Distribution of Species:-Introductory Essay to the Flora of Tasmania; by Dr. JOSEPH D. HOOKER.*

§ 1. Preliminary Remarks.

THE Island of Tasmania does not contain a vegetation peculiar to itself, nor constitute an independent botanical region. Its plants are, with comparatively few exceptions, natives of extratropical Australia; and I have consequently found it necessary to study the vegetation of a great part of that vast continent, in order to determine satisfactorily the nature, distribution, and

* To the Editors of the American Journal of Science, &c.:-The sheets of this Introductory Essay, having been obligingly communicated to me in advance of the publication of the concluding part of the Flora of Tasmania, to which it belongs, I asked and have received the distinguished author's permission to reprint them, or a considerable portion of them, in your Journal, and now offer them for that purpose. This is in order that we may have before us, at the earliest date, an essay which cannot fail to attract the immediate and profound attention of scientific men; but which, if confined to the pages of the Flora of Tasmania, would be seen by very few American readers. To those who have intelligently observed the course of scientific investigation, and the tendency of speculation, it has for some time been manifest that a re-statement of the Lamarkian hypothesis is at hand. We have this, in an improved and truly scientific form, in the theories which, recently propounded by Mr. Darwin, followed by Mr. Wallace, are here so ably and altogether independently maintained. When these views are fully laid before them, the naturalists of this country will be able to take part in the interesting discussion which they will not fail to call forth.

To save room, a few paragraphs are omitted which do not directly bear upon the subject in hand.

SECOND SERIES, VOL. XXIX, No. 85.-JAN., 1860.

A. G.