prejudices. And such an exclusion would render our elections more the result of calm and deliberate judgment and patriotic feelings; and they would be more generally attended by our aged and sober citizens.

In England, from which we derive our language and our general system of laws, treason is said to be "the crime of treachery and infidelity to our lawful sovereign."* "Treason is a general appellation, made use of by law, to denote not only offences against the king and government, but also that accumulation of guilt which arises whenever a superior reposes a confidence in a subject or inferior between whom and himself there subsists a natural, a civil or even a spiritual relation; and the inferior so abuses that confidence, so far forgets the obligations of duty, subjection and allegiance, as to destroy the life of any such superior or lord. This is looked upon as proceeding from the same principle of treachery in private life, as would have urged him who harbors it, to have conspired in public against his liege lord and sovereign; and therefore for a wife to kill her lord or husband, a servant his lord or master, and an ecclesiastic his lord or ordinary, these being breaches of the lower allegiance of private and domestic faith, are denominated petit treasons."+

In England, high treason is considered as a crime against the king, as he is the hereditary representative of the government and people of the kingdom; and the oath of allegiance is there taken to him.‡

* Jac. Law Dic., word Treason. † 4 Black. Com., ch. 6. 1 Black. Com., ch. 10.

months in this state, shall have a right to vote at all elections for representatives or any other officers, herein agreed to be chosen by the people at large."

By the constitution of May 30, 1798, art. 4, sec. 1y "the electors of members of the general assembly shall be citizens and inhabitants of this state, and shall have attained the age of twenty-one years, and have paid all taxes which may have been required of them, and which they may have had opportunity of paying agreeably to law, for the year preceding the election, and shall have resided six months within the county."

Maine. Constitution dated October 29, 1819, art. 2, sec. 1, "Every male citizen of the United States of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, excepting paupers, persons under guardianship and indians not taxed, having his residence established in this State for the term of three months next preceding any election, shall be an elector of governor, senators, and representatives in the town or plantation where his residence is so established; and the elections shall be by written ballot. But persons in the military, naval or marine service of the United States or this State, shall not be considered as having obtained such established residence by being stationed in any garrison, barrack or military place in any town or plantation : nor shall the residence of a student of any seminary of learning entitle him to the right of suffrage in the town or plantation where such seminary is established."

Vermont. The constitution adopted July 4, 1793, ch. 2, sec. 21, provides that "every man of the full

age of twenty-one years, having resided in this state for the space of one whole year next before the election of representatives, and is of a quiet and peaceable behavior, and will take the following oath or affirmation, shall be entitled to all the privileges of a freeman of this state. You solemnly swear (or affirm) that whenever you give your vote or suffrage touching any matter that concerns the State of Vermont, you will do so as, in your conscience, you shall judge will most conduce to the best good of the same, as established by the constitution, without fear or favor of any man.”

Kentucky. Constitution dated August 17, 1799, art. 2, sec. 8, provides that "in all elections for representatives, every free male citizen (negroes, molattoes, and indians excepted) who, at the time being, hath attained the age of twenty-one years, and resided in the State two years, or the county or town in which he offers to vote, one year next preceding the election, shall enjoy the right of an elector; but no person shall be entitled to vote, except in the county or town in which he may actually reside at the time of the election, except as is herein otherwise provided." And by section 14, senators are to be elected by persons having the same qualifications.

Tennessee. Constitution dated February 6, 1796, by article 3, sec. 1, "every freeman of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, possessing a freehold in the county where he may vote, and being an inhabitant of this State; and every freeman being an inhabitant of any one county in the State six months immediately

preceding the day of election, shall be entitled to vote for members of the general assembly for the county in which he shall reside."

By article 2, section 2, the governor is to be chosen by the electors of the members of the general assembly.

Ohio. Constitution dated Nov. 29, 1802, art. 4, sec. 1, "In all elections, all white male inhabitants above the age of twenty-one years, having resided in the State one year next preceding the election, and who have paid or are charged with, a State or county tax, shall enjoy the right of an elector; but no person shall be entitled to vote, except in the county or district in which he shall actually reside at the time of the election."

Indiana. Constitution dated June 29, 1816. By article 6, section 1, it is declared that, "in all elections not otherwise provided for in this constitution, every white male citizen of the United States, of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, who has resided in the state one year immediately preceding such election, shall be admitted to vote in the county where he resides; except such as shall be enlisted in the army of the United States or their allies."

Louisiana. Constitution dated January 22, 1812. It is provided by art. 2, sec. 8, that "in all elections for representatives every free white male citizen of the United States, who, at the time being, hath attained the age of twenty-one years, and resided in the county