CIVITAS LONDINUM, RALPH AGAS. A SURVEY OF THE CITIES OF LONDON AND WESTMINSTER, THE BOROUGH OF SOUTHWARK AND PARTS ADJACENT. 4to. bound in cloth, price 128. 6d. ; mounted on roller, 15s. 6d.; or calf extra, price 218. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. "Nothing can say more for the exceeding interest attaching to this fac-simile than the fact that we have filled our allotted space without having got beyond the foreground of the picture, and every square inch of what remains would have afforded equal matter for illustration and comment. The reproduction has been effected most successfully. No moderately good library should be without it."-Saturday Review. "Of this Map there are only two copies now known to be in existence, one in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, and the other at Guildhall, which copy was bought, in 1841, by the Library Committee of the Corporation of London, for the small sum of 261. This Map is not a mere curiosity to be bought only by collectors, but should be in the hands of all those who feel an interest in the city where the chief incidents of English history have been enacted, and the public are therefore greatly indebted to Mr. Overall for his careful and interesting account of the map, and to Mr. Francis for the conscientious care he has taken in making his copy."-Examiner. "This is a publication for antiquaries to linger over.”—Graphic. "The map should be interesting to every reader of antiquarian taste."-Illustrated London News. "By the process through which the fac-simile before us has been produced, the Map is placed within the reach of every purchaser. A year's reading about the metropolis of the Tudor days would not convey anything like so good an idea of the capital as an hour spent over this faithful presentment of the London not only of Elizabeth but of Shakspeare. . . . . 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AFFONSO HENRIQUEZ and the RISE of PORTUGAL. By Oswald Crawfurd, H.M. Consul at Oporto. DARK CYBEL: a Novel. By Mrs. Cashel Hoey, Author of "The Blossoming of an Aloe." BY THE LAW: a Tale. By Mrs. Lynn Linton, Author of "Patricia Kemball," &c. London: WARD, LOCK & TYLER, Warwick House, Paternoster Row. LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 24, 1875. CONTENTS. - N° 82. NOTES:-Was Robin Hood at the Scottish Court? 61-Bell- QUERIES:-"Cayenne" or "Kyan "?-A History of Snuff and REPLIES:-The Limerick Bells, 69-Mrs. Serres, Mrs. Ryves, Notes. WAS ROBIN HOOD AT THE SCOTTISH COURT? That Robin Hood in Barnsdale stood, is a fact which few will dispute. To do so, and make him a myth, would be to dispel one of the most pleasing associations of the memory of youth. His name and his fame have been for centuries embalmed in the ballad literature of the country, and, though the accounts of his achievements may be burnished with exaggeration, his actual existence cannot well be denied. But when he so stood in Barnsdale, or wound his horn in the Forest of Sherwood, in the absence of direct historical testimony is a matter of controversy and considerable doubt. Various theories have been advanced in regard to the period in which he flourished. Curiously enough, little is said of him in English history, properly so called, beyond the early black-letter ballads, and we are chiefly indebted for information to Scottish historians. The earliest notice concerning him is in the Scotichronicon of John Fordun, which was probably written between 1367 and 1384. Under date 1266, he says:— "Hoc in tempore de exheredatis et bannitis surrexit et caput erexit ille famosissimus sicarius Robertus Hode et Litill-Johanne cum eorum complicibus, de quibus stolilum vulgus hianter in comoediis et in tragediis prurienter festum faciunt, et, præceteris romanciis, mimos et bardanos cantitare delectantur." In the accounts of the Great Chamberlain of Scot land, in the time of Alexander III., in giving the accounting for the year 1264 of the Sheriff of Aberdeen, is an entry of the following tenor : "Item Roberto hod per cartam domini regis de illo anno XLs. Item Willelmo Ballistario ad emendum Caculos et alia que pertinent ad officium suum XX de quibus respondebit. Item Roberto hod pro una roba data ei de dono dni regis XLs." It appears that these payments were made when the King visited the northern parts of his dominions, as, after a few more entries as to furnishings for the royal household, there is the following entry : "Inde decidunt X lib per expensas regis factas apud kintor et aberden ultimo quando dñs rex fuit. Ibi eundo versus moraviam et redeundo." These entries show, 1st, that a person of the name of Robert Hood was in Scotland in 1264, two years only previous to the date assigned by John Fordun as the era of Robin Hood; 2nd, that he received forty shillings as a royal gift from the Scottish King, being a knight's fee, which coincides with the popular tradition that Robin Hood was gentle born and de jure Earl of Huntingdon; 3rd, that he received other forty shillings for the purchase of a robe, also as a royal gift; 4th, that between the entries of these gifts there is that of a payment to the King's cross-bow man for purchase of darts, and for other expenses connected with his office; and 5th, that these payments to Robert Hood were, in all probability, made when the person who received them was attending the Court, on the occasion of the King's journey to Morayshire. To say the least, it is a curious coincidence that almost at the very time mentioned by the Scottish historian, who was nearly a contemporary with Robin Hood, a person of a similar name should have been received at the Scottish Court, and loaded with the royal favour. It suggests the idea that the celebrated outlaw had fled from his native soil to place himself under the protection of the Scottish sovereign. This conjecture obtains some weight also from the fact that Little John, according to Scottish history, was buried at Pett, in Morayshire. Hector Boece, the historian, as translated by Bellenden, states that he saw his grave there : "In Murray land is the kirke of Pette quhare the He hes bene fourtene fut of hycht with square membris banis of lytill John remains in gret admiration of pepill. effering thairto. VI yeris afore the cuming of this werk to lycht we saw his hanche bane, als mekill as the haill bane of ane man; for we shot our arme in the mouth thairof. Be quhilk apperis how strang and square pepill grew in our regioun afore they ware effeminat with lust and intemperance of mouth." The faithful companion of Robin Hood, banished from his native country, may have died on Scottish soil and been buried at the place stated, although the bones traditionally shown to the credulous historian did not belong to him. Even if he were not buried in Moray, the tradition embodied in the history that he was interred there is strangely in accordance with the undoubted fact that a Robert Hood, if not the bold Robin himself, was received at Court and acknowledged as a person of distinction, on the occasion of a visit of the sovereign of Scotland to that particular portion of his dominions. There is another explanation of the entry, namely, that the payment was not made to a person of the name of Robert Hood, but to one who assumed the character of a jester or player at the annual celebration on the 1st of May. The entries of such payments under this assumed name are common both in English and Scottish records, but of a date posterior to that in which the outlaw flourished. These entries occur in parish records in the reigns of Henry VII. and Henry VIII.; for instance, in the accounts of the churchwardens of the parish of Kingston-upon-Thames, under date 1 Henry VIII., is an entry for Robyn Hode's coat, 1s. 3d. In Scotland the play of Robin Hood was also celebrated in the month of May, and in the sixth Parliament of Queen Mary, 1555, there is an "Act anentis Robin Hode and Abbot of unreason," "whereby it is statute and ordained that in all time cumming, na maner of person be chosen Robert Hude nor Little John, Abbot of unreason, queenis of Maij, nor otherwise, nouther in burgh nor to landwart in onie time to come." It is, however, hardly probable that, so soon after his death as the date in the Chamberlain Roll, plays should have been acted in his assumed character. Without some other corroborative evidence of the time, it is impossible to say which of the three explanations is correct, viz., 1st, whether the Robert Hood of the Roll was the Robin Hood of ballad literature; or, 2nd, a person of the same name; or, 3rd, a jester who assumed his character. Much has been written about Robin Hood, and attempts made to prove his identity; but, so far as I am aware, these entries in the Chamberlain's Rolls of Scotland have hitherto escaped the notice of the curious. A. G. REID. Auchterarder. BELL-RINGERS' LITERATURE. One Sunday, in the summer of 1849, I went up after service into the belfry of the village church of Pitminster, in Somersetshire. On a sheet of paper affixed to the wall were written the following lines: "If Aney one do ware hise hat When he is ringing here he straitte way then shall sixpence pay Close to this, and in the same handwriting, was the following record :-" Mr. Robert marke Gived the Ringers a pitcher of Sider 1847." As all this looked as if it had been written at the same time, and my knowledge of bell literature being limited, I entered the scribe in my common-place book as the probable poet. How many versions, I wonder, of these lines appear in the "rope rooms" of church towers in England and Wales? And who was the author of the one that has been the foundation for all the rest? I have before me four that are to be found in churches on the Welsh border, and they all vary. The oldest appeared years ago in “ N. & Q.,” but none of the rest, I think, so I send them for you to publish if you think it worth while to do so: CULMINGTON, SALOP. "Those that do heare intend to ringe, "John Burnell, 1663. TONG, SALOP. "If that to Ring you doe come here you must ring well with hand and care; keep stroak of time and goe not out or else you forfeit out of doubt. Our law is soe concluded here; For every fault a jugg of beer. if that you ring with Spurr or Hat, a jugg of beer must pay for that. If that you take a rope in hand these forfeits you must not withstand. or if a bell you ov'rthrow it must cost sixpence e're you goe. If in this place you sweare or curse Sixpence you pay out with your purse; come pay the Clerk it is his fee for one (that swears) shall not goe free These laws are old and are not new therefore the Clerk must have his due. George Harison, 1694.” These two are the oldest versions I have ever seen, and the two that follow, although they contain some new lines, and variations in the old ones, are evidently adapted from them : LLANFYLLIN, MONTGOMERYSHIRE. BANGOR-ISCOED, Flintshike. "If that to ring you do come here You must ring well with hand and ear; |