The evidence derived from passages and allusions in the piece, to which Malone refers in his "Chronological Order," is clearly of little value, and he does not himself place much confidence in it. "Love Labour Lost" is mentioned by Meres in 1598, and in the same year came out a poem by R[obert] T[ofte] entitled "Alba," in the commencement of one of the stanzas of which this comedy is introduced by name : "Love's Labour Lost I once did see, a play This does not read as if the writer intended to say that he had seen it recently. There is a coincidence in Act. iii. sc. 1, which requires notice: Costard there jokes upon the difference between "remuneration" and "guerdon ;" and Steevens contended that Shakespeare was "certainly indebted for his vein of jocularity" in this instance to a tract by I[ervase] M[arkham], called, "A Health to the Gentlemanly Profession of Serving Men," which Dr. Farmer informed him was published in 1578. The fact, however, is, that this tract did not appear until 1598, the year in which "Love's Labour's Lost" came from the press. It was, possibly, a current jest, and it will be found quoted correctly from the original, and not as Steevens inserted it, in a note upon the passage. It is capable of proof that the play, as it stands in the folio of 1623, was reprinted from the 4to. of 1598, as it adopts various errors of the press, which could not have found their way into the folio, had it been taken from a distinct manuscript. There are, however, variations, which might show that the player-editors of the folio resorted occasionally to some authority besides the 4to. These differences are pointed out in the notes. The 4to. has no divisions into Acts and Scenes; and the folio only distinguishes the Acts, but with considerable inequality: thus the third Act only occupies about a page and a half, while the fifth Act (misprinted Actus Quartus) fills nine pages. Nevertheless, it would have been taking too great a liberty to alter the arrangement in this respect, although, as the reader will perceive, it might be improved without much difficulty. There is no entry of "Love's Labour's Lost" at Stationers' Hall, until 22d Jan. 1606-7, when it was transferred by Burby (the publisher of it in 1598) to Ling, who perhaps contemplated a new edition. If it were printed in 1606 or 1607, no such impression has come down to us. Its next appearance was in the folio, 1623; but another 4to, of no authority, was published in 1631, the year before the date of the second folio. DON ADRIANO DE ARMADO, a Spaniard. SIR NATHANIEL, a Curate. HOLOFERNES, a Schoolmaster. COSTARD, a Clown. MOTH, Page to Armado. Officers and others, attendants on the King and Princess. SCENE, Navarre. This list of characters was first printed by Rowe. LOVE'S LABOUR'S LOST. ACT I. SCENE I. Navarre. A Park, with a Palace in it. Enter the KING, BIRON, LONGAVILLE, and Dumaine. King. Let fame, that all hunt after in their lives, And then grace us in the disgrace of death; Therefore, brave conquerors!-for so you are, You three, Biron', Dumaine, and Longaville, Your oaths are past, and now subscribe your names, You three, Biron,] "Biron" must be pronounced, as in French, with the accent on the last syllable, for the sake of the verse; and in order to secure this, in the old copies, 4to. and folio, the name of Biron is invariably spelt Berowne. That his own hand may strike his honour down, If you are arm'd to do, as sworn to do, Subscribe to your deep oaths, and keep it too?. Long. I am resolv'd: 'tis but a three years' fast. Biron. I can but say their protestation over; 2 Subscribe to your deep OATHS, and keep it too.] Modern editors have altered "oaths" to oath, but unnecessarily the meaning is, subscribe your oaths, and keep what you have sworn. 3-but bankrupt QUITE the wits.] This is the reading of the 4to, 1598: the folio omits "quite," and prints "bankrupt " as a trisyllable, bankerout. The couplet was proverbial, and it runs thus in “ Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina, or Proverbs English and Latine, &c." by John Clarke, 8vo, 1639. "Fat paunches make lean pates, and grosser bits Enrich the ribs, but bankrupt quite the wits." Which is also an early authority for the insertion of the adverb. King. Your oath is pass'd to pass away from these. Biron. Let me say no, my liege, an if you please. I only swore to study with your grace, And stay here in your court for three years' space. Long. You swore to that, Biron, and to the rest. Biron. By yea, and nay, sir, then I swore in jest. What is the end of study, let me know? King. Why, that to know which else we should not know. Biron. Things hid and barr'd, you mean, from common sense? King. Ay, that is study's god-like recompense. Biron. Come on, then: I will swear to study so, To know the thing I am forbid to know; As thus, to study where I well may dine, When I to feast expressly am forbid*; Study knows that which yet it doth not know. King. These be the stops that hinder study quite, Biron. Why, all delights are vain; but that most vain3, Which, with pain purchas'd, doth inherit pain: As painfully to pore upon a book, To seek the light of truth; while truth the while Light, seeking light, doth light of light beguile. When I to FEAST expressly am forbid ;] All the old editions read fast for "feast." Theobald made the change, which seems necessary. 5- BUT that most vain,] The folio substitutes and for "but," as it stands in the old 4to. |