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"THE Scotch in their Declaration, 13 Aug. 1647, quote, to complain of, a pamphlet against the House of Lords, in which the sectaries say, 'that the Lords are but painted puppets and Dagons; that our superstition and ignorance, their own craft and impudence have erected no natural issue of laws, but the mushrooms of prerogatives, the wens of just government, putting the body of the people to pain, as well as occasioning deformity. Sons of conquest they are and usurpation, not of choice and election, intruded upon us by power, not constituted by consent; not made by the people, from whom all power, place, and office that is just in this kingdom ought only to arise.'"-Ibid. vol. 7, p. 770.

1647. Wakefield.

"WE begin to do justice apace, keep Councils of War often, punish offenders. At a Council of War yesterday, one Mac Ro, an Irishman, a notorious drunkard swearer, and one that slighted the Commander in Chief, was tried. He was clearly convicted, and it was so bad that all cried out against it. His sentence was to be bored through the tongue with a red-hot iron, to suffer fourteen days' imprisonment, with bread and water, to be cashiered the army, made incapable of ever serving the army again, to deliver up his horse and

arms.

Another delinquent was also tried for being disorderly in his quarters, and other crimes, and was adjudged to a week's imprisonment, to stand in the market-place during the time of the market, at the headquarters for the space of an hour, with his faults, written in great letters on his breast. These are strange things here, and much

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gazing at it. Ingenuous people both martial and civil are much taken with it. It hath wrought much good against the soldiers already: the officers do confess it, and the country are sensible of it. Money and justice will work great reformation."-Ibid. vol. 7, p. 809.

"WEDNESDAY, 22 Dec. 1747, was, according to appointment, kept as a solemn Fast by the General and Officers; the duties of the day were performed by divers of the Officers, amongst whom there was a sweet harmony. The Lieutenant-General (Oliver Cromwell), Commissary-General Ireton, Colonel Tichburne, Colonel Hewson, Mr. Peters, and other officers, prayed very fervently and pathetically; this continued from nine in the morning till seven at night."-Ibid. vol. 7, p. 943.

DENUNCIATIONS of Mr. Saltmarsh against the army, and his death, Dec. 1647.—Ibid. vol. 7, p. 944.

Feb. 9, 1647-8.

AN ordinance for the more effectual suppressing of Stage Plays, "by committing and fining such as shall offend herein for the first offence, and whipping them for the second, as being incorrigible.”—Ibid. vol. 7, p. 991.

"THOSE

That snuffle their unlearned zeal in prose, As if the way to heaven was through the

nose."

Litany, 1641. NALSON, vol. 2, p. 809.

"WHEN the civil war raged in England, and King Charles the First's Queen was driven by the necessity of affairs to make a recess in Warwickshire, she kept her court for three weeks in New Place."-Shakespeare's House at Stratford. THEOBALD'S Preface, p. 25. BoswELL's Malone, vol. 1.

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FOULIS-WALTON — STRYPE — HACKET—HOBBES.

CATHOLIC flattery to Cromwell, and hopes of his conversion, by Dr. Thomas Bailey, a convert to the church of Rome. In the Preface to FOULIS's Romish Treasons.

DOLEMAN'S book (Parson's) brought forth in another form by the Parliamentarians, changing it from dialogue into speeches.-FOULIS's Plots of our Pretended Saints, p. 15.

tiques dont il avoit jouï sous l'usurpateur. Le Roi se moqua de lui, et les renvoia en lui disant qu'il ne s'embarrassoit pas comme Cromwel de projets vastes, et de vuës longues."

Bayle adds, in the margin, "J'ai apris ceci d'un gentilhomme tres docte de la Grande Bretagne.” - Pensées sur la Comète, tom. 2, p. 204.

"SIR T. SMITH, being one of the Deputy

RAVAGES in the churches. Ibid. 136-7-8. Lieutenants in Essex, searching the houses

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"CROMWEL qui devoit son elevation au fanatisme, et qui etait lui meme, à ce que bien des gens croient, sujet à des intervalles fanatiques, faisoit mettre dans l'almanack de Londres ses desseins assez souvent, et s'en trouvoit bien, dit-on. Et parce que cette confidence donnoit beaucoup de credit a l'almanack, l'astrologue qui le faisoit, craignant de ne pouvoir pas soutenir sa reputation sous le regne de Charles II. s'il ne se voioit gratifié d'une semblable lumière, fut trouver un jour ce prince pour lui demander la continuation des influences poli

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LORD CAPEL, in his last moments reflected bitterly upon what he called his cowardly compliance with a prevailing party, in voting for Strafford's death.

"THE allowance which the Parliament made to their ambassadors, was incomparably beyond all former precedents, and better paid, being permitted to draw bills of exchange upon their masters, a thing never heard of heretofore."-SOMERS' Tracts, vol. | 7, p. 504.

RERESBY-WARWICK-COKE-STRAFFORD - SURTEES.

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SIR J. RERESBY says of Cromwell, "that | ing to sea, to discover the errors of Hackhis figure did not come up to his character: luyt's voyages."-CLARENDON Papers, vol. he was indeed a likely person, but not hand- 2, p. 292. some, nor had he a very bold look with him. He was plain in his apparel, and rather negligent than not. Tears he had at will, and was doubtless the deepest dissembler on earth."

One wonders such schemes were not carried into effect upon a large scale. But emigrants live always in hope.

"In the town (ship) of Whickham, there "LESLEY would sometimes merrily say, he is a stratum of burnt earth, consisting chiefly had learned no High Dutch but one proof clay and stone. According to tradition, verb-Ein bernhertziker soldat ist ein the king's army encamped in the church honsfoot, fore Godt.'-A merciful soldier islands below the church, and in the fields

a rogue in God's repute."-SIR P. WARWICK's Memoirs, p. 108.

STRAFFORD, (Letters, vol. 1, p. 495,) thanks the king, (1635,) "for his favour to Sir John Hotham: indeed the gentleman is of very good affections, and will, I am persuaded, shew himself very forward in such services as may be required at his hands."

COKE to Strafford, (vol. 2, p. 80,) “If more antiquities shall come to your hands, the sending of them to his Majesty will be a very acceptable service."

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1637. THE Earl of Rothes said to a Dutchman, "Holland is a well governed state; I hope to see this country so governed ere it be long, for we will have no more kings but this: and if we were rid of this king, we would never have any other; and if he will not give us way in what we expect, we will make our own way."STRAFFORD'S Letters, vol. 2, p. 274.

"HYDE to Lord Cottington, 1646. "Your pupil, Lord Hopton, wants some good counsel from you, his head is so full of islands and plantations, to settle him. Sometimes he thinks of going against the Turk, to hinder him from joining with the Independents in England; sometimes of go

1 Now obsolete. See Wackter's Glossarium in v. Hon, contumelia, opprobrium. I. W. W.

adjoining; the Scots, under Lesley, lay at Newburn; and on their crossing the Tyne to attack the king's army, the latter fired their tents and fled: this fire communicated with a small seam of coal, which burnt for several years, and at night flames issued from different parts of the village and grounds adjoining. The fire has been long extinguished, and the burnt earth and stones are used for the highway."-SURTEES' Durham, vol. 2, p. 239.

MARCHMONT NEEDHAM published Mercurius Britannicus for the Parliament, beginning August 16-22, 1643. In 1647, he commenced Mercurius Pragmaticus for the King, and 1649, Mercurius Politicus for Oliver; journalists having in that age about as much probity as in this:

"Whose scurrilous pamphletts, flying every week in all parts of the nation, 'tis incredible what influence they had upon numbers of unconsidering persons, who have a strange presumption, that all must needs be true that is in print. This was the Goliah of the Philistines, the great champion of the late usurper, whose pen was, in comparison of others, like a weaver's beam."British Bibliographer, vol. 1, p. 514.

"GAINSBOROUGH. 30th July, 1643.

"Lord Willoughby, of Parham, had taken this town after a desperate assault, made prisoners there the Earl of Kingston, Sir Gervais Scroop, several other gentlemen

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and officers, and about two hundred and fifty common soldiers, and released about two hundred prisoners, many of them belonging to Lord Fairfax. The Earl's house held out a day after the town was taken, and store of treasure was found in it. The Earl was sent in a pinnace to Hull, because the King's troops were drawing from Newark and other places to recover the town; but some of these troops espying the pinnace, drew up some musqueteers to the Trent side, and firing at her unhappily killed the Earl and his man Savile in their cabin." See Mrs. Hutchinson concerning this. "Colonel Cromwell then drew toward Gainsborough to secure it. After taking Burley House, he marched to Grantham, where he met about three hundred horse and dragooners of Nottingham, and proceeding with them, formed a junction, as had been concerted with the Lincolneers at North Searle. At two in the morning they advanced toward Gainsborough, which was ten miles distant, and some mile and half from the town fell in with a forlorn hope of the enemy, some one hundred horse in number. 'Our dragooners laboured to beat them back, but not alighting of their horses, the enemy charged them, and made them retire unto their main body. Cromwell advanced, and came to the bottom of a steep hill.' 'We could not,' he says, 'well get up but by some tracts, which our men essaying to do, the body of the enemy endeavoured to hinder, wherein we prevailed, and got the top of the hill. This was done by the Lincolneers, who had the vanguard. When we all recovered the top of the hill, we saw a great body of the enemy's horse facing of us, at about a musket-shot or less distance, and a good reserve of a full regiment of horse behind it.' The King's troops advanced to take them at disadvantage, but in such order as we were,' says Cromwell, 'we charged their great body. I having the right wing, we came up horse to horse, where we disputed it with our swords and pistols a pretty time, all keeping close order, so that one could not track the other; at last

they a little shrinking, our men perceiving it pressed in upon them, and immediately routed this whole body, some flying on one side, and others on the other, of the enemy's reserve; and our men pursuing them, had chase and execution five or six miles.' Cromwell, seeing that the reserve was still unbroken, kept back Whaley, who was his major, from the chase, and with his own troops and the other of his regiment, three troops in all, got into a body. 'In this reserve stood General Cavendish, who one while faced me, another while faced four of the Lincoln troops, which was all of ours that stood upon the place, the rest being engaged in the chase. At last General Cavendish charged the Lincolneers and routed them. Immediately I fell on his rear with my three troops, which did so astonish him, that he gave over the chase, and would fain have delivered himself from us. But I, pressing on, forced down a hill, having good execution of them, and below the hill drove the general with some of his soldiers into a quagmire, where my captain-lieutenant slew him, with a thrust under his short ribs. The rest of the body was wholly routed, not one man staying upon the place.'

"Cromwell having relieved the town with such powder and provision as he brought, thought to pursue his good fortune and fall upon a party of the King's troops, about a mile on the other side of the town, consisting of six troops of horse and three hundred foot. For this purpose he asked Lord Willoughby for four hundred foot, in addition to his own horse, and marched toward them; but fell in with Newcastle's army. Before he could call off his foot they were engaged, and were of course forced to retreat in disorder and with some loss, to the town,

where now they are. Our horse also came off with some trouble, being wearied with the long fight and their horses tired, yet faced the enemy's fresh horse, and by several removes got off, without the loss of one man. The honour of this retreat is due to God, as also all the rest. Major Whaley did in this carry himself with all gallantry

RUSHWORTH-WHITAKER.

becoming a gentleman and a Christian. Thus have you this true relation as short as I could: what you are to do upon it is next to be considered. The Lord direct you what to do.'

"This letter is addressed to the Committee for the Association, sitting at Cambridge, and Cromwell begins by saying, 'Gentlemen, it hath pleased the Lord to give your servant, and soldiers, a notable victory now at Gainsborow.". RUSHWORTH, 3 vol. 2, p. 278.

"Oct. 1642.

"Two demi-cannons used by Newcastle at the siege of Hull, thirty-six pounders, were called Gog and Magog, and the Queen's pocket pistols. At the fight near Horncastle, 12th October, after the siege was raised, both parties had drawn out all their horse and dragoons from the adjacent garrisons. The King's army had seventy-four colours of horse, and twenty-one of dragoons. 'Manchester had not above half so many colours, but as many men, for his troops were fuller. It was late before the foot could be drawn up. Manchester's horse and dragoons went on in several bodies singing of psalms. Quarter-master General Vermuden, with five troops, had the forlorn hope, and Colonel Cromwell the van, seconded by Sir T. Fairfax. The Royalist's word was, Newcastle; that of the Parliamentary party, Truth and Peace. The dragoons gave the first charge, and then the horse fell in. Colonel Cromwell charged with great resolution immediately after the dragoons of the other side had given him their first volley; yet within half pistol shot they saluted him with a second charge. His horse was killed and fell down upon him, and as he rose he was knockt down again by the gentleman that charged him, which was supposed to be Sir Ingram Hopton. But he got up, and recovered a new horse in a soldier's hand, and so mounted again. The van of the Royalists' horse, being driven back upon their own body, that was to se

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cond them, put them into disorder; and Manchester's troops, taking that advantage, charging all in with them, put them to the run; leaving their dragoons (which were now on foot,) behind him. And so, being totally routed, they had the pursuit, and did execution upon them for five miles together. The Earl of Manchester's foot hastened their march to come up to the engagement; but the horse had done the work before they came the number killed being computed to be about one thousand of the royal party, and on his side very few slain, and none of note.'

"The Parliamentary horse said by Sir William Widdrington to be very good and extraordinarily armed."-RUSHWORTH, 3 vol. 2, p. 282.

"IN the old house of Denton, then the property of Ferdinando, Lord Fairfax, Prince Rupert lodged on his way from Lancashire to York, immediately before the battle of Marston Moor. There was then in the house a very fine portrait of John Fairfax, younger brother of the then lord, who had been slain while defending Frankendale in the Palatinate, 1621. With

this painting the Prince was so much delighted that he forbade any spoil to be committed upon the house; an act of generosity more likely to be prompted by a fine work of art, than by respect for the owner of Denton.”—WHITAKER, Loidis and Elmete, p. 195.

How is it that Whitaker has overlooked the real motive? John Fairfax and his brother had fallen in the Elector Palatine's

cause.

Marston Moor.

"SUNDAY, June 30. The besieger hearing towards evening of Prince Rupert's advance, and that his quarters would be at Knaresborough, or at Borough Bridge that night, thought it best to raise the siege, and give him battle with their whole strength. During the night therefore, and in the ensuing

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