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morning, they broke up from before the town, removed all their artillery without loss, and took up a position four or five miles from York, upon a great moor S. W. of the river Ouse, called from the neighbouring villages sometimes Hessam Moor, but more commonly Marston. Then they drew up in battalia, expecting there to meet the Prince on his way to York. But Rupert ordered a party of his horse to face them, near a bridge, where their retreat was secure, quartered his foot and ordnance that night in the forest of Gortrey, within five miles of the city, and entered the city himself with about 200 horse.

"There he had a conference with Newcastle. The marquis entreated him not to give the enemy battle, when he had every thing to gain by delay, and they every thing to lose. The Scots and English were upon such terms in the Parliamentary army, that if their mutual ill-humour were allowed to work, he had good reason to believe they would separate. But in two days he expected a powerful reinforcement, 3000 men under Colonel Clavering, from the North, and 2000 more from different garrisons. This advice must have prevailed if Prince Rupert at that period of his life had ever listened to reason. He declared that he had positive orders to fight, which, as in duty bound he must obey. Some of Newcastle's friends advised him not to engage, seeing the command was thus taken from him; but that gallant nobleman replied, that happen what would, he would not shun the action, his only ambition being to live and die a loyal subject to his Majesty. And when the army was drawn up he asked Prince Rupert what service he would be pleased to command him. The Prince said he should begin no action till the morning, and desired him to repose till then. Newcastle accordingly went to rest in his own coach, which was close by, in the field; but he had not long been there before the firing began.

"The Parliamentarians (it is Rushworth's word) finding that the city was relieved,

quartered themselves that night at Long Marston, and the places near, but great part of their horse stayed all night upon the moor. Early the next day they marched toward Tadcaster, meaning to prevent Rupert from furnishing York with provisions out of the East Riding, and also to obstruct his march southward. The Earl of Denbigh, and the Lancashire forces were advancing from the West, whence he came. Before they could reach the town, they heard that the Prince was pressing close upon their rear, on the moor near Marston, appearing resolved to fight them. Hereupon their foot and carriages were ordered back with all speed, some of them being advanced four or five miles. The Prince had possessed himself of so much of the moor that not being able to form there, they drew up their men on a large field of rye. This Rupert endeavoured to prevent, because it was an advantageous position, being on a rising ground, but the party which he sent was beat back. Their pioneers now made way to get ground, whereon to extend the wings of their army, and at last their army fronted to the moor from Marston to Topwith, being a mile and half in length. The Prince having part of his foot beyond Owse was as late as they before he had fully drawn up; but between two and three o'clock both armies were pretty well formed.'

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Rupert had in the field, including the forces drawn out of the city, about 14,000 foot, and 9,000 horse, and about 25 pieces of cannon. He led the right wing of the horse, (which had in it twelve divisions, consisting of 100 troops, and might be 5,000 men). Sir Charles Lucas and Colonel Hurry commanded the left wing of the horse, Whether Goring, Porter, Tyherd, or all of them commanded the main body, Rushworth could not learn.

“On the other side, the three conjoined armies (by reason of the parties they had sent forth [as into Lancashire, under Sir John Meldrum, &c.] which were not yet returned, and the men they had lost in this

RUSHWORTH.

tedious siege), were so much reduced, that they did not exceed the Prince's in number; but in that respect both armies seemed pretty equal.' Sir Thomas Fairfax commanded the right wing of horse, consisting of 80 troops, being his own and part of the Scotch horse. Next in the main battalia was the Lord Fairfax, commanding the foot towards the right wing, consisting of all his own infantry, and two brigades of Scots for a reserve. And towards the left General | Leven, with the rest of the Scotish foot, and two brigades of the Earl of Manchester's, with six regiments of Scots, and one of Manchester's brigades for a reserve. The left wing of the horse was commanded by Manchester, and his Lieutenant General, Cromwell, consisting of the Earl's whole cavalry, and three regiments of the Scottish horse under Lesley, in all about 70 troops. The Prince's army extended in the front somewhat farther than theirs, and therefore on their left, to secure the flank, the Scottish dragoons were placed, under Colonel Frizel. "The Field-word given by the Prince was God and the King; by the other party, God with Us.

"About three the great ordnance on both sides began to play, with little effect. About five there was a general silence on each side, expecting who should begin the charge, 'for that there was a small ditch and a bank between the two armies, (though they had drawn up their wings within musquet shot) which either side must pass if they would charge the other, which would be a disadvantage, and apt to disorder them that should first attempt it. In this posture they continued a considerable time, so that on each side it was believed there would be no action that night. But about seven in the evening the Parliament's Generals resolved to fall on, and then the signal being given, the Earl of Manchester's foot, and the Scots of the main body advanced in a running march, soon made their way over the ditch, and gave a smart charge.'

"The front divisions of horse mutually charged. Prince Rupert in person charging

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Cromwell's division of 300 horse. Cromwell was very hard put to it, being charged by Prince Rupert's bravest men, both in front and flank,' and they 'stood at sword's point a pretty while, hacking one another.' At last Cromwell broke through, and at the same time the rest of his horse of that wing, and Lesley's regiments (who behaved very well) had wholly broken all that right wing of the Prince, and were in chase of them beyond their left wing, and Manchester's foot on the right hand of these went on by their side, almost as fast as they, dispersing and cutting down his foot. Newcastle's regiment of White Coats were almost wholly cut off; for they scorned to fly, and were slain in rank and file, and the rest of that part of their army which escaped killing, or being taken prisoners, fled in confusion towards York.

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"But Hurry with the Prince's left wing defeated the Parliament's right; though Sir T. Fairfax, with Colonel Lambert, and 5 or 6 troops, charged through them, and went to their own left wing, the rest of his troops were defeated. Lord Fairfax's brigade was furiously assaulted, and at the same time disordered by some of Sir T. Fairfax's new-raised regiments, who wheeled about, and being hotly pursued, fled back upon them and the reserve of Scottish foot, broke them wholly, and trod many of them under foot. So that their right wing, and part of their main body were routed, and fled several miles toward Tadcaster and Cawood, giving out that all was lost.'

"The Royalists were pursuing, and just ready to seize all the carriages, when Cromwell with his horse and Manchester's foot came back from the chase; both sides were now not a little surprised to see they must fight it over again, for that victory which each thought they had already gained. However the Royalists marched with great resolution down the corn fields, the face of the battle being now exactly counterchanged; for the King's forces stood on the same ground, and with the same front

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that the Parliament's right wing before stood to receive their charge; and the Parliament's forces in the same ground, and with the same front as the King's did when the fight began.

"The battle thus renewed grew very desperate. but after the utmost efforts of strength and courage on either side, the parliamentary forces before ten had cleared the field, recovered their own ordinance and carriages which were in so much danger, took all the Prince's train of artillery, and followed the chase with great slaughter within a mile of York.

“Sir Charles Lucas, Lieutenant General of Newcastle's horse, Major General Porter, Major General Tilyard, and the Lord Goring's son were taken, and near 100 other officers, 1500 common soldiers, 25 pieces of ordnance, 130 barrels of powder, several thousand arms, and as was computed about 100 colours, for which though there was a proclamation made to bring them in to the generals, yet the soldiers had already torn to pieces most of them, delighting to wear the shreds in their hats. Some of them sent up to the Parliament

were

"Prince Rupert's standard, with the arms of the palatine, near five yards long and broad, with a red cross in the middle.

"A black coronet, with a black and yellow fringe, and a sword brandished from the clouds, with this motto, Terribilis ut acies ordinata.

"A willow green, with the portraiture of a man, holding in one hand a knot, in the other a sword, and this word, This shall untie it. Another coloured with a face, and this motto, Aut mors, aut vita decora.

"A yellow coronet, in its middle a lion couchant, and behind him a mastiff seeming to snatch at him, and in a lable from his mouth, written KIMBOLTON: at his feet little beagles, and before their mouths written Prм, Prм, Рrм, and out of the lion's mouth these words proceeding, Quousque tandem abutêre patientiâ nostrâ.

"The countrymen who were commanded to bury the dead, gave out that they interred 4150 bodies. It was generally reported that at least 3000 of the Prince's men were killed. The Parliament's party would not acknowledge in all their three armies above 300 slain.

"Cromwell, who was acknowledged by all to be a great agent in this victory, was wounded in the neck, but not dangerously. Fairfax being unhorsed and flung on the ground, and wounded in the head and face, was relieved and carried off by a party of his own horse. On the King's side abundance of gentlemen expressed wonderful courage, and charged with as much resolution as could be expected from men: insomuch that it was then confidently reported Prince Rupert should say, 'I am sure my men fought well, and know no reason of our rout but this, that because the devil did help his servants.""-RUSHWORTH, 3, vol. 2, p. 631.

"THOUGH the Marquis of Newcastle's foot stood like a wall, yet he (Oliver Cromwell) mowed them down like a meadow.”

-SIR P. WARWICK.

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"AT Cropedy Bridge, Waller lost five drakes, a minion, and several leather guns of Weems's invention and making. Waller was a Scotch general of the artillery, and was taken also."-RUSHWORTH, vol. 5, p. 676.

ESSEX writes of his defeat in Cornwall, "It is the greatest blow that ever befell our party." He complains that " never so many gallant and faithful men were so long exposed without succour," and says "this is a business that shall not sleep, if it be in the power of your-Essex."

Naseby.

"FAIRFAX marched to Gilsborough, four miles west of Northampton, and within

WARWICK-RUSHWORTH.

five miles of Burrough-hill, where his Majesty's army still continued, to whom a commanded party of horse gave an alarm. By some prisoners taken, he understood that his Majesty was diverting himself with hunting, the soldiers in no good order, and many of their horses at grass, having no thoughts of the so near advance of the Parliamentarians. Yet the alarm was so quickly taken through all their quarters, that Fairfax's foot being somewhat behind, and night approaching, he did not then think fit to venture any further attempt: but being rather apprehensive they might. visit his quarters, mounted about twelve that night, and rode about the horse and foot guards till four in the morning, where an odd adventure happened. Having his thoughts otherwise busied, he himself forgot the word, and was stopt at the first guard; whereupon declaring who he was, and requiring the soldier that stood sentinel to give it to him, the fellow refused, saying, he was to demand the word from all that past him, but to give it to none; and if he advanced without it he would shoot him. And so made the general stay in the wet, till he sent for the captain of the guard to receive his commission to give the word. And in the end the soldier was rewarded for his duty and carefulness."

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narrow passage with musquets and other weapons. Desborough with the general's regiment, went round about the ledge of the hill, and made a hard shift to climb up, and enter on their rear, which they no sooner discerned, but after a short dispute they ran; many slid and tumbled down that steep hill with great hazard.' There were taken about twelve colours; the motto of one of them was thus, ' If you offer to plunder our cattle, be assured we will bid you battle.'”—RUSHWORTH, part 4, vol. 1, p. 62.

Colonel Poper-at Pembroke.

"THE man is certainly in two dispositions every day, in the morning sober and penitent, but in the afternoon drunk and full of plots. When he heareth news that pleaseth him, he puts forth bloody colours, and then he is for the King and Book of Common Prayer; but if that wind turn, then he is for the oath and covenant, and then puts forth blue and white. He takes it very ill the King is in the Isle of Wight, and calls the general, King Thomas Fairfax, with other opprobrious language. He got a gentleman the other day, and prest him to tell him whether he was an Independent, or a Presbiter. The gentleman answered, neither, for he was a Protestant. Why so am I, quoth Poyer, therefore let us be

"IRETON made a soldierly and notable merry. So in they went, and drunk so defence."-SIR. P. WARWICK.

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hard that neither was able to stir in four and twenty hours after.

"Fairfax says 'I am now preparing an arrow to send in a message unto his men, who I hope shortly will bring him out bound, and as many more as have run unto him, since the first summons." "-Ibid. vol. 7, p. 1033-4.

Wales.

May 1648. "Most of the enemies have in their hats a blue and white riband, with this motto, 'we long to see our king.' The Countries are universally bent against the

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Parliament; wherever forces come, they carry away their children, cattle, with what goods they can get, fly into the woods, leaving their houses empty; which how sad would it be to them, should we take the German way? Their smiths are all gone, their bellows cut by themselves before they went. If one would give forty shillings for a horse shoe, or a place to make it, it is not to be had. There is no possibility of ending this trouble, but by such a power, and such a way, as is lamentable to think."—Ibid. p. 1098.

Colchester.

"THE other night they roasted a whole horse at one of their courts of guard; the

foot were very merry at it, but the troopers

are discontented for the loss of their horses, not knowing how to get others; nor well liking the service of mowing with their new devised long sithes, which weapons are put into the hands of such as were troopers."Ibid. vol. 7, p. 1204.

In a house called the Red' Hall, at Leeds,' because the first that was built of brick, (1628) by Thomas Medcalf, alderman of the city, is an apartment called the King's Chamber, where Charles is said to have lodged: "probably," says a note in Whitaker's edition of Thoresby, (p. 25)

"while in the hands of the Scots and on his way from Newark to Newcastle, a maid servant entreated him to put on her clothes and escape, offering to conduct him in the dark out of the garden door into a back alley called Land's Lane, and thence to a friend's house, from whence he might make his way to France. The King declined this, but gave her a token (the garter says the story) by which his son might reward her good will, if it should never be in his own power. She married a man who was an Under Bailiff, and Charles II. in conse

See suprà; 1st series, p. 532. J. W. W.

quence made him Chief Bailiff in Yorkshire, and he afterwards built Crosby House in the Head Row."

"WHEN I was at Marston, alias Hutton Wandsley," says THORESBY, "Mr. Corlas, the Rector, shewed me the door that Bishop Moreton had caused to be made out of his chamber, 1602, when the great plague being at York, that excellent prelate, (then minister there) exercised the most heroical charity to the poorer part of the infected, who being turned out of the city had booths erected for them on Hob-Moor, whither he went to pray with and for them, and to make him the more acceptable, he usually carried a sack of provisions with him. But because none should run any hazard there

by but himself, he would not suffer any

servant to attend him, but went from his

study through this door to the stables, where he was his own groom."-Appendix,

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DR. RICHARD MARCH, Vicar of Halifax. "The soldiers coming in to the house in search of him, and supposing he might be hid in bed, stabbed their swords into it, where his wife was laid, and so frighted and wounded her, that it threw her into labour and she expired almost as soon as delivered. The doctor fled, and a maid servant made her escape with the child in the night, with nothing but her shift on, carrying it in

that condition fourteen miles in the dark, to a relation of the doctor's."-History of Halifax, p. 489.

Usher.

STRAFFORD to Laud, 1634. "I am clear of your lordship's opinion, it were fit the Canons of England were received here as well as the Articles; but the primate is hugely against it. The business is merely point of honour, (or as Sir Thomas Cognesby would have expressed it, matter of punctilio,) lest Ireland might become subject to the Church of England, as the

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