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RADCLIFFE-LAUD-WHITAKER.

membered: when he met with a well penned oration or tract upon any subject or question, he framed a speech upon the same argument, inventing and disposing what seemed fit to be said upon that subject, before he read the book; then reading the book compare his own with the author, and note his own defects, and the author's art and fulness, whereby he drew all that ran in the author more strictly, and might better judge of his own wants to supply them." Ibid. p. 435.

STRAFFORD offered his life if he would urge the king to abolish Episcopacy. LAUD'S Troubles, p. 177.

Fairfax.

He had a collection of ancient coins, which were purchased by Thoresby's father.

"Or the heterogeneous character of Sir T. Fairfax," says WHITAKER, "it would be unpardonable in an antiquary to speak without gratitude, in an Englishman, without a mixture of censure and pity. He was bred a presbyterian, though without any violent hostility against the Church of England, and he served the Parliament without any personal animosity against the king. Till roused by action, the native powers of his mind seemed to doze; his deportment was awkward, his temper sullen, his conceptions clouded, his utterance

embarrassed. In the field of battle he was all on fire, prompt, intelligible and spirited. He was a man of no intuition into character, and suffered himself to be duped by the Parliament into the fashionable opinion of their absolute supremacy, even over the king himself, as the great council of the nation. This is strongly, though politely expressed in the following letter, addressed to the Queen on her landing at Burlington, which has never before been published.

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"To the sacred Majesty of the Queen." SELBY, the 25th Feb. 1642-3.

MADAM,

"Your Majesty's safe and happy arrival in this county doth infinitely rejoice the hearts of all men, who though divided in opinions and fallen into most bloody dissentions, yet every one hopes by your Majesty to obtain his desires. My hopes and the expectation of all men with me are, that by the powerful influence of your Majesty's presence, your gracious mediation and great wisdom, this kingdom which hath tasted nothing but war and misery since your Majesty left it, shall now be restored to the happy condition of peace, and all misunderstanding taken away, which in human reason is the only means to make your majesty and your royal posterity to be loved. and rich at home, potent and feared abroad.

“Madam,—The Parliament (the sceptre) by which all the glorious and happy princes of this land have governed, hath commanded me to serve the King and your Majesty in securing the peace of these northern parts. My highest ambition and humblest suit is, that your Majesty refusing all attendance and service of those who by that highest Court have been found and declared enemies of the peace and state, you will be pleased to admit me and the forces with me to guard your sacred person, wherein I and this army shall all of us more willingly sacrifice our lives than suffer any danger to invade the trust reposed in, madam, your most loyal, most humble servant, T. Fairfax."-Loidis and Elmete, p. 194.

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RUSHWORTH-WARWICK-BASTWICK.

lections of Dodsworth, which perpetuated so many thousands of charters relating to the genealogical and monastic antiquities of the northern counties, just transcribed under his patronage, before the blowing up of St. Mary's Tower at York consigned the originals to destruction. These he bequeath

and of a worse elocution, and so a most fit tool for Mr. Cromwell to work with."

Bastwick.

NALSON (Vol. 1, p. 499,) quotes this from his libel p. 19, speaking of the Romish

ed to the University of Oxford."— Ibid. P. Hierarchy, purposely from that topic to tra

195.

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AFTER the surrender of Colchester, Fairfax writes thus to Manchester, Speaker (pro tempore) of the House of Peers, "for some satisfaction to military Justice, and in part of avenge for the innocent blood they have caused to be spilt, and the trouble, damage and mischief they have brought upon the town, this country and the kingdom; I have, with the advice of a council of war of the chief officers, both of the country forces and the army, caused two of them who were rendered at mercy, to be shot to death before any of them had quarter assured them. The persons pitched upon for this example were Sir Charles Lucas, and Sir George Lisle; in whose military execution I hope your lordships will not find cause to think your honour or justice prejudiced. As for the Lord Goring, Lord Capel, and the rest of the persons rendered to mercy, and now assured of quarter, of whose names I have sent your lordship a particular list, I do hereby render unto the Parliaments judgment, for further public justice and mercy to be used, as you shall see cause."RUSHWORTH, Vol. 7, p. 1243.

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duce the English Church. "In the number of which," saith he, "are cardinals, patriarchs, primates, metropolitans, archbishops, min, a member of which monstrous body bishops, deans, and innumerable such verour hierarchy is; this is not known in Sacred Writ, nor never came from God, but rather from the pope and the devil. Diabolus caccavit illos."

Or Laud he says, “I am so hardened in goodness, as I fear neither post nor pillory; conceiving always that I hold my ears by a better tenure than he holds his nose, being a loyaller subject to my prince than he hath grace to be, and better able to do him service than he hath ability to judge of. But if he should by his might and power, and the iniquity of the times, advance me to that desk (the pillory), I doubt not by the grace of God I shall make there the funeral sermons of all the prelates in England. I hope I shall have the honour of the good work, and withal bring such things to light, as all Europe and the whole Church of God shall be the better for it to the world's end. And if they shall sacrifice me upon the altar of the pillory, I shall so bleat out their episcopal knaveries, as the odour and sweet smelling savour of the oblation shall make such a propitiation for the good of this land and kingdom, as the King himself and all loyal subjects shall fare the better for it.

"And he closes his admonition to the reader with this sentence, from whence it took the name of his Litany, 'from plague, pestilence and famine, from bishops, priests and deacons, good Lord deliver us.””—p. 10.

BASTWICK'S whole letter to the Keeper

BASTWICK

STRAFFORD — GARRARD-NALSON.

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"His libel was written when he was a prisoner for a book which he had written against one Chouncy when under pretence of battering down the pope's supremacy, he aspersed the English Church. A wealthy and grave citizen visited him then as a martyr, and urged him to write his Litany; rewarded him with ten pieces of gold for it, and circulated it in MS. Lilburne then newly out of his apprenticeship got it printed in Holland, and the disperser made £60 by the first edition, but on the second the disperser saved himself by informing against Lilburne, who was thus brought within reach of the law."-Ibid. vol. 1, p. 513-4.

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1637. "In the palace yard two pillories were erected, and there the sentence of Star Chamber against Burton, Bastwick and Prynne was executed. They stood two hours in the pillory; Burton by himself, being degraded in the High Commission Court three days before. The place was full of people, who cried and howled terribly, especially when Burton was cropt. Dr. Bastwick was very merry; his wife, Dr. Poe's daughter, got a stool, kissed him; his ears being cut off, she called for them, and put them in a clean handkerchief, and Bastwick carried them away with her. told the people the lords had collar days at court, but this was his collar-day, rejoicing much in it."-GARRARD, vol. 2, p. 85.

Prynne.

NALSON Says (vol. 1, p. 798,) "I have heard a gentleman his familiar avow that he was so infinitely sensible both of the folly and mischief of those youthful and passionately injudicious essays, which were rather the results of prejudice and revenge than law or reason, that he has heard Mr. Prynne say, that if the King had cut off his head when he only cropt his ears, he had done no more than justice, and done God and the nation good service."

1634. "No mercy shewed to Prynne: he stood in the pillory, and lost his first ear in a pillory in the palace at Westminster in full term, his other in Cheapside; where while he stood his volumes were burnt under his nose, which had almost suffocated him."-GARRARD. STRAFFORD'S Letters, vol. 1, p. 261.

1634, June 20. "MR. PRYNNE, prisoner in the Tower, who hath got his ears sewed on, that they grow again as before to his head, is relapsed into new error."—Ibid. p. 266.

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it. In the meantime a liberty thus assumed, thus abused, is very unsufferable; but how to help it I know not, till I see the good as resolute in their good, as we daily observe the bad to be in their evil ways: which God of his grace infuse into us; for such are the feeble and faint motions of human frailty, as I do not expect it thence."

1637. “A LITTLE more quickness in the government would cure this itch of libelling. Laud writes to Wentworth, agreeing with him in this mind. But what say you to it that Prynne and his fellows should be suffered to talk what they pleased while they stood in the pillory and win acclamations from the people, and have notes taken of what they spake, and those notes spread-Ibid. STRAFFORD to Laud, vol. 2, p. 119. in written copies about the city; and that when they went out of town to their several imprisonments, there were thousands suffered to be upon their way to take their leave and God knows what else!"-Ibid. vol. 2, p. 99.

"ONCE again you return to Prynne and his fellows, and observe most justly that these men do but begin with the church, that they might after have the freer access to the state and I would to God other men were of your lordship's opinion, or if they be so already I would they had some of your zeal too for timely prevention: but for that, we are all too secure, and will not believe there is any foul weather towards us, till the storm break upon us."-LAUD. Ibid. vol. 2, p. 101.

"MR. PRYNNE's case is not the first wherein I have resented the humour of the time to cry up and magnify such as the honour and justice of the King and state have marked out and adjudged mutinous to the government, and offensive to that belief and reverence the people ought to have in the wisdom and integrity of the magistrate. Nor am I now to say it anew, (even there, where the right understanding, and right use made of this mischief would be the only way to take off the ill it threatens to us all) that a prince that loseth the force and example of his punishments, loseth withal the greatest part of his dominion. Yet still methinks we are not got thorough the defence, nay I fear do not sufficiently apprehend the malignity of

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STRAFFORD to Laud. "It is strange indeed to see the frenzy which possesseth the vulgar now-a-days, and that the just displeasure and chastisement of a state should produce greater estimation, nay reverence to persons of no consideration either for life or learning, than the greatest and highest trusts and employments shall be able to procure for others of unspotted conversation, of most eminent virtue and deepest knowledge: a grievous and overspreading leprosy; but where you mention a remedy, sure it is not fitted for the hand of every physician; the cure, under God, must be wrought by our Esculapius alone, and in that my weak judgment to be effected rather by corrosives than lenitives; less than Thorow will not overcome it. There is a cancerous malignity in it, which must be cut forth, which long since rejected all other means, and therefore to God and him I leave it.”—Ibid. vol. 2, p. 136.

"I THANK YOU," says Hyde to Nicholas (1647)" for your friend Lilburne, and desire you to send me as many of his books as you can. I learn much by them; and in earnest I find a great benefit by reading ill books, for though they want judgment and logic to prove what they promise, yet they bring good materials to prove somewhat else they do not think of. And so I gain very much law by reading Mr. Prynne, though nothing of it be applicable to those purposes to which he produces it."-CLARENDON Papers, vol. 2, p. 363.

HOELL-STRAFFORD.

My Lord of Buckingham having been long since Master of the Horse at court, is now made master also of all the wooden horses in the kingdom, which indeed are our best horses; for he is to be high-admiral of England. So he is become dominus equorum et aquarum."-HOELL's Epistola Ho-Elianæ, p. 1880.

IN Cato's letters, though it is falsely said of Strafford, that "he was no sooner got into the court, but he began openly to counteract the whole course of his past life, he devised new ways of terror and oppression, and heightened all those grievances of which he had complained," the writer, fierce whig as he is, justly adds, "but though the two great parts of his life were thus prodigiously inconsistent, I do not remember that he ever condemned the worst, though he suffered for it; or recanted the best. It is probable his judgment in both cases approved his conduct."-Vol. 2, p. 289.

Strafford's Letters and Dispatches. Dublin, 1740.

DED. In Ireland.-" He did not exact of the recusant the twelve-pence a Sunday, as by law he might have done. But let none hence conclude that his Lordship was a favourer of the Papists, and an encourager of their religion. No, he very well knew a better way to secure the Protestant interest, a more noble and effectual means than penal laws, viz. repairing of churches and building mansion-houses for ministers; introducing a learned clergy, and enjoining them strict residence; affording them countenance and protection against the encroachments of the powerful, restoring to them means of hospitality, and looking carefully to the education and marriages of the King's wards. This was his method of supporting the Protestant cause; and thereby he gave a deadly blow to the Church of Rome."

P. 9. Lord Clifford promises absolutely a seat in Parliament for Appleby.

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15. 1621. "Neither do I conceive it to be within the power or ability of Spain to diffuse itself, and maintain war against so many prevalent enemies in places so far distant; and then it will follow, if he must needs lay down arms somewhere, in no place with more honour to himself, with more advantage to his affairs, than in the Palatinate." 16. The enjoyments in the country.

1623-24.

19. 1623. "My opinion of these masters (Parliament,) your Lordship (Clifford,) knows sufficiently, and the services done there coldly requited on all sides, and which is worse, many times misconstrued. I judge further, the path we are like to walk in is now more narrow and slippery than formerly; yet not so difficult but may be passed with circumspection, patience, and principally silence."

22. Treaty of marriage. "Commissioners are appointed to treat with my Lord of Carlisle, the prime whereof is the Cardinal of Richelieu, which occasioned a difference about placing of them, Cardinals taking precedence of all but kings in person, which was wiped away with this accord, that they should meet in the Cardinal's house, and that the Cardinal must keep his bed. This rock passed over by this sick accommodation," &c.

23. "I was best pleased to hear of that commodity, being for all the rest, John Indifferent."

27. Sir Richard Beaumont to Wentworth :-" If it be tolerated that men shall come six, seven, nay ten apprentices out of a house, this is more like a rebellion than an election. The gentry are wronged, the freeholders are wronged."

29. When he was nominated sheriff, (1625,) it was told me by two counsellors, that the King said you were an honest gentleman; but not a tittle to any of the rest.

30. A private and husbandly course, when sheriff, advised. 32. His intentions on this

matter.

31. Question concerning the sheriff's office disqualifying him for sitting.

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