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33. 1625. Course which he means to pursue happily expressed.

35. His favour with James.
38. Chief Justice Hyde.

Toleration intended in Ireland, but rejected there. 1627.

42. Isle of Rhé.1 This only every man knows, that since England was England, it received not so dishonourable a blow. HOLLES.

46. The Speaker sends him copies of speeches which he writes for 1628. Probably ministers' speeches which may have been written, as being necessarily prepared. 48. The president's place, "the highest pitch of northern honour."

49. "You tell me God hath blessed you much in these late proceedings," says Wandesford to him.

52.

Nescia mens hominum!

Dread of the Papists on his appointment.

51. Cottington speaks of Hocus? Hocus's dog-silver with five legs,-and puppets? 60. "In my own nature I am the man least suspicious alive." His temper, 80, 87. His religious feelings at this time after the death of his wife. 79.

65. His propositions concerning the government of Ireland,

71. The one shilling per week upon recusants, to be raised for supplying the want of revenue! 73-4-6.

75. Conformity of religion with England, every good Englishman ought to desire as well in reason of state as conscience.

85. Desire of serving the King. He is against all non-residents, as well lay as ecclesiastical.

Goring, 119, 166.

87. The passage to Ireland infested by pirates. 90.

90. As Lord President he took one shilling in the pound.

1 Called by Clarendon "that unfortunate descent upon the Isle of Rhé, which was quickly afterwards attended with many unprosperous attempts, and then with a miserable retreat, in which, the flower of the army was lost."-Hist. of the Rebellion, book i. vol. 1, p. 47.

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State in which he found the army and all things else, "so as it doth almost affright me at first sight; yet you shall see I will not meanly desert the duties I owe my master and myself."

99. He tells the council," rather than fail in so necessary a duty to my master, I would undertake, upon the peril of my head, to make the King's army able to subsist and to provide for itself amongst them, without their help."

99. Ormond. 352. 378. Vol. 2, p. 18.

102. Falkland complains that he had had, during his government, no aid from the Archbishop of Canterbury, Abbott, who it seems neglected Ireland as he did England.

104. A direct trade from Ireland to the Terceras and Canaries proposed.

106. Biscayan privateers. Wentworth's strong feeling at seeing the mischief, and wanting means to punish it.

124. His principle of conduct well stated, and the opposition he is likely to find. 136. His disinterestedness in office. 8. 130.

132. Presentation.

135. Humanity to the Spanish privateer prisoners.

138. His severity apprehended before he

went over.

139. His objection to see commissions pass from father to son.

145-6. His opinion of what the Foulis's sentence in his star chamber case ought to be.

151. Care against ill bishops.

STRAFFORD.

The church "impiously preyed upon by persons of all sorts, that I dare say you would be amazed and astonished at it, as much as I am, if you were but here amongst us; by means whereof the clergy here are reduced to such a contempt, as is a most lamentable and scandalous thing to see in any Christian commonwealth."

161. Charles instructs Strafford to disregard letters of favour which importunity may force from him.-I much question whether this be not the worst proof of his insincerity. He sought ease for himself, and threw all odium of refusal upon Strafford ;who however always advised that this should be done.

Windebank says to Strafford, "When we had the happiness and honour to have your assistance here at the council board, you made many ill faces with your pen,-(pardon I beseech your Lordship, the over free censure of your Vandyking.")

"Another remarkable error of your Lordship, which makes much noise here, is that you refuse all presents."

163. Spanish prisoners. 182.

169. Advice to his nephew. His own course in youth. "My breeding abroad had shewn me more of the world than yours hath done." 170. He advises him not to put himself at court before he is at least thirty. It is an excellent letter.

171. Necessity of preventing the bishops from making injurious leases. 173.

172. His views of bringing Ireland to conformity in religion, vol. 2, p. 39.

173. It seems he thought the King had no real opposition to apprehend, and might carry through any just and honourable action against all that should be attempted. 1633.

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179

jesty's goodness and justice, watching and caring for their protection and ease, both in private and public respect," Charles answers, "We approve the reformation of these pressures and extortions by examples and by commissions, by our own authority, but by no means to be done by Parliament."

186. He thought a House of Commons, (Irish,) equally balanced between Papists and Protestants, would be easier to govern than if either party were absolute.

189. He says, after Bedell's explanation, "In which good mind if he continue, I shall be sure to discontinue my ill mind towards him."

He and Laud gird at each other as Cambridge and Oxford men, both Johnnians. 190. Irish expenditure and revenues: he determines to pay his way, and make every half year discharge itself.

190. A quarter's pay of the captains always to be kept back, as a security upon their death for the arms for which they are answerable by bond or otherwise.

192. He advises a malt tax upon the brewers, "to repress the infinite excess of drunkenness in this kingdom. Besides, it may be a step towards an excise, which, although it be heathen Greek in England, yet certainly would be more beneficial to the crown, and less felt by the subject, than where the impositions are laid upon the foreign vent of commodities inward and outward, as we see a plain demonstration of it in the Low Countries."

194. "If I be found at any time declining the upright and constant paths of his Majesty's honour and profit, and the public good of his kingdoms, abandon me as the most abject wretch that lives."

196. 1633. Not one corn of powder in 186. When Strafford represents from the store of Dublin Castle, which WentIreland, 1633, that the meaner sort of sub-worth properly calls a passing shame. jects there live under the pressures of the great, and that officers exact much larger fees than they ought to do, and recommends two or three examples to remedy the former, and a commission to regulate the latter, "that so the subjects might find your Ma

198. His own money advanced, (fourteen hundred pounds,) to pay off some sailors, who would otherwise have cost the crown ten pounds per day, till they were discharged.

200. Respect which he is ordered to re

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quire from the nobility. His thoughts upon by the French; for, considering the ambithis. tions of that nation begin to show themselves, extended far beyond the Rhine ;-how they have, par bien seance, as it were, set upon and taken the whole dutchy of Lorrein, and how little respect they manifest towards us in their late declaration of their Court of Parliament;-I fear me they may be apt enough to make way for themselves where they find the fence the lowest."

201. He desires that he may not be inhibited from hearing and ending causes, as Lord Falkland had been, "which certainly did lessen his power extremely. I know very well the common lawyers will be passionately against it, who are wont to put such a prejudice upon all other professions, as if none were to be trusted, or capable to administer justice but themselves. Yet how well this suits with monarchy, when they monopolize all to be governed by their year books, you in England have a costly experience. And I am sure his Majesty's power is not weaker in this kingdom, where hi-liament. therto the deputy and council board have had a stroke with them."

205. Lord Falkland, the father, seems to have died in consequence of a fall from his horse, "the King being the nearest man to him when he fell, and the first that came in to help him."

220. “I wonder not that the lawyers thus went about to limit and restrain all courses of prerogative. I wish they do it not too often and too much; and that they would monopolize less to themselves all judicature, as if no honour or justice could be rightly administered but under one of their bencher's gowns. Otherwise I am sure they little understand the unsettled state of this kingdom, that could advise the King to lessen the power of his deputy, indeed his own, until it were brought into that stayed temper of obedience, and conformity with that of England; or at least till the benches here were better provided with judges than, God knows, as yet they are."

228. Wentworth recommends to the King, "the consideration of Flanders, which, should it chance through the present disorder and ill success of the affairs of Spain, to bow under the yoke of France, or of my lords the States, might prove a far more troublesome neighbour to the crown of England than now it is."

"Again, to secure the Palatinate by all princely providence from being possessed

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233. Charles says to him, 1634, concerning a Parliament, as for that hydra, take good heed; for you know that here I have found it as well cunning as malicious."

238. His management of the Irish Par

They themselves could not deny, had the payments been set on the wealthy (whereas most inconscionably the landlords and money-men, to ease themselves, had laid it upon the poor and bare tenants) they could have pinched no man.

246. Of the nobility who were absent in England, he says, "I had rather have their proxies than their company."

247. Half musket shot,-if they be good you must have them out of Holland . . . your officers of the ordnance, I fear, rather take counsel how to save a proportion upon every musket or corselet to their own purses, than how to perform the service sufficiently for the good of the business.

249. He intercedes for the mitigation of Sir John Bourchier's fine, in a way very honourable to himself.

267. The Popish party and their clergy infinitely solicitous that no Protestants be chosen (to Parliament) where they can possibly hinder it.

269. "In these matters of form, it is the best not to be wiser than those that went before us, but stare super vias antiquas."

270. "The Priests and Jesuits here are very busy in the election of knights and burgesses for this Parliament; call the people to their masses, and there charge them on pain of excommunication to give their voice with no Protestant. I purpose hereafter to question some of them, being in

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be raised their own rents, and all the great payments to his Majesty. Direction had been sent from England to stop its exportation which Strafford would not follow, saying it would infinitely discontent them all, nothing so much, and destroy their trade above all that can be foreseen.

deed a very insufferable thing for them | modity, out of which they pretend are to thus to interpose in causes which are purely civil, and of passing ill consequences to warm and inflame the subjects one against another, and in the last resort, to bring it to a direct party of Protestant and Papist, which surely is to be avoided as much as may be, unless our number were the greater."

271. Letter from Bishop Bridgeman (of Chester), thanking him for certain judicious church promotions.

273. His promise to raise and clear the revenue," and if in all this I make one penny of benefit to myself, in the course of these payments, let my master take my head upon my return."

Speech at the opening of the Irish Parliament." I spake it not betwixt my teeth, but so loud and heartily, that I protest unto you I was faint withal at the present, and the worse for it two or three days after. It makes no matter, for this way I was assured they should have sound at least, with how little weight soever it should be attended. And the success was answerable: for had it been low and mildly delivered, I might perchance have gotten from them, it was pretty well: whereas this way, filling one of their senses with noise, and amusing the rest with earnestness and vehemence, they sware (yet forgive them, they know not what they say) it was the best spoken they ever heard in their lives."

274. "Surely this kingdom is in an excellent way, and England to hope for a considerable supply from hence, which hitherto hath been of infinite expense unto us."

284. "Surely the more I am trusted, the greater shall be my care. I shall be watchful upon all occasions, and by fitting degrees still to abate from the power of the Popish clergy, which indeed was grown to excess, and a shame it was ever suffered to rise to such a height."

295. Obliged, by want of support from England, to give up his scheme of making iron ordnance in Ireland.

296. Tallow-their great staple com

297. "I spend a round sum, more than all my entertainments come to."

300. He intreats of Laud to aid him in keeping the revenue of Ireland from the English minister.

300. Cottington. Who was this with the beads? 330.

303. A greyhound for the prince. 1634. 308. Restraint of tallow,-it was designed to give the Soap Corporation the sole right of vending it. His arguments against it.

350. His conduct when Sir Piers Crosby threw out the bill for repressing of murders, by a strict punishment of the accessories. 353. Motives for continuing the parliament.

All the Protestants are for plantations, all the others against them.

364. Intrigues of France with the Papists. France having taken up the ambitious views of Spain, and employing the same course of policy. This is a good letter of Coke's.

365. Charles chose to have the Irish Parliament dissolved, "My reasons," he says, "are grounded upon my experience of them here; they are of the nature of cats. They ever grow curst with age; so that if ye will have good of them, put them off handsomely when they come to any age, for young ones are ever most tractable. And in earnest you will find that nothing can more conduce to the beginning of a new, than the well ending of the former Parliament."

367. He delays admitting the Earl of Nothisdale to be of the council, because he is a Papist. "I judge it without all question far the greatest service that can be done unto your crowns, on this side, to draw Ireland into a conformity of religion with

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England, which indeed would undoubtedly set your Majesty in greater strength and safety within your own dominions, than any thing now left by the great and happy wisdom of yourself and blessed father unaccomplished, to make us an happy and secure people within ourselves. And yet this being a work rather to be effected by judgement and degrees, than by a giddy zeal and haste, whenever it shall seem good in your wisdom to attempt it (for I am confident it is left as a means whereby to glorify your Majesty's piety to posterity) there will in the way towards it many things fall continually in debate and consideration at the board with which it will be very unfit any of the contrary religion be acquainted."

371. "I must tell you I am in a libel threatened with a Felton or a Ravillac already." 1634.

378. Laws of wills and uses. His aim to gain wardships for the crown, that the best houses might be bred up in religion as they fall.

392." The Biscayners are fishing our western ports, and have been up the river of Limerick forty or fifty miles within land, and there taken two or three Dutchmen of very good value; and would in a short time, if suffered, destroy the whole trade of this kingdom."

393. "Your advice by act of state to restrain the sending over children to be bred in foreign parts, is not only approved, but required by his Majesty to be effectually executed."

394. "Some loose and dissolved men of war of S. Sebastian's, the Passage, and Dunkirk, have demeaned themselves worse towards us than ever."

392. The great business of the Londoners' plantation. "Methinks, sir (if I may be so bold), would your Majesty be pleased to reserve it entire to yourself, after it be once settled well, it might prove a fit part of an appanage for our young master the Duke of York. Believe me, I am of opinion it may be made a seigniory not altogether unworthy his Highness."

401. Levying the subsidies.-" Yet that I might be the more sure that all things shall be carried indifferently, and that the burthen may lie upon the wealthier sort (which, God knows, hath not been the fashion of Ireland), I have told them, that I will join four commissioners with theirs in every county, with these only instructions (the sum being thus set by themselves) to see that all things be carried suitable to his Majesty's justice and princely regard of his people.”

411. Weston's ill will to him, and jealousy of his familiarity with Laud.

431." by your experience in both houses you have discovered the root of all disorder in that kingdom to be the universal dependence of the Popish faction upon Jesuits and friars; which former deputies have also observed, and thereupon moved for their banishment and suppression; but it seemeth the performance was reserved for your active resolution."

444. Galway."A country which lies out at a corner by itself, and all the inhabitants wholly natives and papists, hardly an Englishman amongst them, whom they kept out with all the industry in the world."

473. Flax. He sends to buy seed.—Vol. 2, p. 19.

492. Il effect of grants upon the Irish exchequer.

498-9. Lord Mountnorris. 502-5. 8. 9. 14. 9.

504. Howell says of him, "I never knew any man's misery so little resented, who having contested with so many lord deputies is now met withal."

511. Cottington.-" You said right, that Mountnorris his business would make a great noise; for so it hath amongst ignorant, but especially ill-affected people; but it hath stuck little among the wiser sort, and begins to be blown away amongst the rest."

Garrard writes more faithfully.—508-9. Vol. 2, p. 15. Strafford.-" The truth is, Sir L. Carey is a vain young man, and cannot be sufficiently taught to learn his duty, as well to his betters as to his own soldiers.

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