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His Majestys Commission or Letters Pattents dated at Westminster the seventeenth day of June in the third year of His Majestys reign constitut Joseph Willard Esq' Secretary of this His Majestys Province of the Massachusetts Bay was read & publish Then Mr Secretary took the oaths appointed by Act of Parliament passed in the first year of the reign of King William & Queen Mary to be taken instead of the Oaths of Allegiance & Supremcay unto his present Majesty King George, & repeated & subscribed the Declaration by the same Act appointed, also took an oath for the due & faithfull performance of his duty in the office & place of Secretary of the sa Province, And the Council advised to the making His Majestys sd Letters Patent of publick record accordingly

Ordered That Joseph Marion Deputy Secretary to Sam' Woodward Esq' late Secretary of this Province, with all convenient speed make delivery of all publick records books & records of the Council & Assembly with the Seal of the Province, enrowlment of the Laws and Files of Papers & all utensils &ca of & belonging to the sd Secretarys Office

And that the sd Mr Secretary Willard pass a receipt therefore in discharge to the sd Mr Marion accordingly.2

Willard was commissioned Secretary by George II on March 28, 1728, and was sworn on June 18:

Josiah Willard Esq' haveing His Majestys Letters Patents, under the Great Seal of Gt Britain bearing date at Westminster the twenty eighth of March 1728, constituting him Secretary to His Maty" Province of the Massachusetts Bay, His Majesty's Commission was read at the Board. And then the sa Josiah Willard took the Oaths appointed by Act of Parliam to be taken instead of the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy, repeated & subscribed the Test or Declaration in ye said Act, together with the Oath of abjuration and likewise took an oath for the true and faithful performance of his said office of Secretary of this Province.3

Willard was Secretary from December 4, 1717, until his death on December 7, 1756.4

1 Error for "Josiah."

2 Council Records, vi. 526-527.

3 ix. 58.

"Last Tuesday Morning died here to the great Loss of this Town and Province, in the 76th Year of his Age, that extraordinary, accomplished, pious and publick-spirited Gentleman, the Honourable JOSIAH WILLARD Esq; Secretary to this Province near 40 Years, and late Judge of Probate for the County of Suffolk, which, on account of his other growing, weighty and laborious Business, he earnestly resigned some Years since; as also his Place at the Council

On December 7, 1756, the Council took the following action:

It having pleased Almighty God in his Holy Providence to remove the Honble Josiah Willard Esq" the late Worthy and Faithfull Secretary of this Province by Death, whereby that Office is become Vacant, and it being necessary that some meet Person be appointed to officiate as Clerk of the Council until his Majesty shall be pleased to appoint & Commissionate some person to the Office of Secretary agreeable to the Royal Charter Therefore

Ordered that Mr Thomas Clarke1 be appointed Clerk of his Majestys Council until a Secretary be appointed as aforesaid or until the further order of this Board, and that he be Impowered & directed forthwith to take into his Custody & care as well the Publick Seal of the Province as the public Records & Papers, and to do & Transact the Business proper to such Office of Clerk of Council, & to be under the Obligation of an Oath for the faithfull Discharge of said Trust.

By Order of Council

FRANCIS FOXCROFT

Consented to

S PHIPS 2

On December 13th Lieutenant-Governor Phips, then Acting Governor, appointed Andrew Oliver Secretary:

His Honour the Lieutenant Governour appointed the Honble Andrew Oliver Esq' to be Secretary of the Province in the Room of the late Honble Josiah Willard Esq' deced until his Majestys pleasure should be known.3 And on December 15 Andrew Oliver took the oaths of office:

The Honble Andrew Oliver Esq' Secretary of the Province took the Oaths appointed by Act of Parliament to be Taken instead of the Oaths of Allegiance & Supremacy Repeated and Subscribed the Test or Declaration in the said Act contained, together with the Oath of Abjuration,

Board the last Year, on account of his advanc'd Age, to the Reluctance of his Country: . . ." (Boston Gazette, December 13, 1756, p. 2/1).

1 Thomas Clarke was Deputy-Secretary.

2 Council Records, xiii. 143.

3 Council Records, xiii. 145. The following extract is from the Boston Evening Post of December 20, 1756:

His Honour the Lieutenant Governor hath, by virtue of his Majesty's Royal Commission, appointed and commissioned the Hon. ANDREW OLIVER, Esq; to be Secretary of this Province in the room and stead of the Hon. JOSIAH WILLARD, Esq.; deceas'd, until his Majesty shall be pleased otherwise to order and appoint; or until the further Order of the Commander in Chief of this Province for the Time being (p. 2/1).

and an Oath appointed by a Law of the Province respecting the Recieving & paying the Bills of Publick Credit of the neighbouring Governments within this Province1 & entered into the Execution of his Office after having taken an Oath for the faithfull Discharge of the same.2

ANDREW OLIVER was commissioned Secretary by George II on March 2, 1758, and was sworn June 1st.3 He was commissioned Secretary by George III on April 10, 1761, and was sworn November 26th. He retained the office of Secretary until March 11, 1771.

THOMAS FLUCKER was commissioned Secretary by George III on November 12, 1770, and was sworn March 11, 1771:

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Thomas Flucker Esq' within named took the Oaths appointed by Act of Parliament to be taken instead of the Oaths of alligiance & supremacy, repeated & subscribed the Test or Declaration therein contained, together with the Oath of Abjuration; and also an Oath, that he would faithfully discharge the Duties of the Office of Secretary of the said Province 5

Flucker was the last Royal Secretary, and left Boston with General Gage on October 10, 1775.6

1 An Act for the effectual preventing the Currency of the Bills of Credit of Connecticut, New Hampshire and Rhode Island, within this Province, passed December 27, 1753, published January 26, 1754 (Massachusetts Province Laws, iii. 714-716).

2 Council Records, xiii. 145-146.

In the Council Records (xiii. 404) for June 1, 1758, nothing is said about the oaths taken by Oliver. Appended to Oliver's Commission as Secretary (Crown Commissions, 1628-1663, p. 166) is the following:

Province of Mass Bay - June 1. 1758

Sworn in Council

Before T. PoWNALL GOV

See p. 95, above. In the Council Records (xv. 66) for November 26, 1761, nothing is said about the oaths taken by Oliver.

5 Crown Commissions, 1677-1774, p. 118. In the Council Records (xvi. 532-534) for March 11, 1771, nothing is said about the oaths taken by Flucker.

Cf. p. 87 note 1, above. The following paragraph appeared in the Boston Gazette of October 23, 1775:

THOM. GAGE, on the Third Instant (5 or 6 Days before his Departure for England,) issued a Proclamation, offering a Reward of TEN GUINEAS, to

VI

LISTS

In this section the material is summarized in the following lists:

A Chronological List of Commissions, 1681-1774

B Alphabetical List of Commissions, 1681-1774
C List of Officials, 1685-1775

D Sovereigns of England, 1603-1776

A

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF COMMISSIONS

1681-1774

NAME

Edward Randolph

OFFICE

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Edward Randolph

Joseph Dudley
Joseph Dudley

Sir Edmund Andros
Sir Edmund Andros
Sir Edmund Andros
Francis Nicholson
Edward Randolph
Sir Edmund Andros
Sir William Phips
Sir William Phips
William Stoughton
Isaac Addington
Earl of Bellomont
Earl of Bellomont
Joseph Dudley

1702 Feb. 13

1702 Feb. 26

Joseph Dudley

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Collector, etc.
Secretary, etc.
President
Vice-Admiral
Governor
Vice-Admiral
Governor

Lieutenant-Governor
Secretary, etc.
Vice-Admiral
Governor

Vice-Admiral

Lieutenant-Governor

Secretary
Governor
Vice-Admiral
Governor
Vice-Admiral
Governor

Lieutenant-Governor

Lieutenant-Governor

Governor
Vice-Admiral

Lieutenant-Governor

any one who shall discover the Thief or Thieves, that some Time in the Month of September last stole from the Council Chamber in Boston, the Public SEAL, his private SEAL, and the SEAL of the Supreme Court of Probate of the Province. Quere, Whether as he carried his Secretary, T. Flucker, with him, 'tis not as likely that he might have carried them off, as any one else? (p. 3/2).

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