of $1,000,000. Every article purchased from which their goods are manufactured is bought at the lowest possible price, and their business is managed in a careful and judicious manner, so that the goods when placed upon the market are offered at the lowest possible price, while the class of goods are said to be unexcelled for the price charged for them. During the years they have been engaged in business, they have given their customers splendid satisfaction, and the consequence is they seldom loose a customer when his trade has once been secured. the commercial fields the firm of F. Siegel & Brothers stand high, and have the confidence of all. The gentlemen comprising this firm are all young men, the oldest member being less than 36 years of age. They have all had a thorough experience in the business, and, therefore, rank among the successful merchants of Chicago.

In

THE GREAT CASH RETAIL STORE OF STATE STREET

When the writer approached Mr. M. J. MoClellan, one of the managers for C. W. & E Pardridge, he found that gentleman full of business, but ready to give THE INTER OCEAN readers some account of the trade for 1883. This house, as is well-known, is among the survivors of the great fire-organizing immediately after that event, and proceeding at once to business. Pardridge Brothers, possessing unlimited financial resources, have adopted, and strictly adhere to, the cash system-both respecting purchases and sales. They own the property, a handsome five-story building, covering the three numbers, 112, 114, and 116 State street-an advantage enjoyed by but few houses in this city. Doing business on a cash basis and having no exorbitant rents to pay, it is plain to be seen that they are in a position, if they so desire, to take advantage of competitors, and put goods upon the market at prices that would be ruinous to some. They are very liberal with their trade, accommodating customers by cheerfully exchanging goods, and are studiously careful that no attache of the place is allowed to make misrepresentations in order to complete a sale.

WHAT LINE OF GOODS THEY HANDLE

The Pardridges are importers and dealers in dry goods, fancy goods, carpets, millinery, etc., and carry a stock running up into the hundreds of thousands. They make a specialty of promptly executing orders for samples, and people a thousand miles from Chicago can purchase goods to as great an advantage as those who walk in and trade over the counter. Their magnificent display in their front windows, in the minds of the best judges, has been, for the past six months, the finest in the city.

Regarding the sales, considering the various drawbacks in the way of bad weather, etc., they correspond favorably with 1882, while the aggregate profits, under a change of management, are above those of any previous year, which, after all, is the key note

WM. M. DALE,

THE POPULAR DRUGGIST.

Corner Clark and Madison streets, and 75 State street. This gentleman occupies such a commanding place in the retail drug trade of Chicago as few merchants achieve in a city of such size and so cosmopolitan in character. His motto, "In Medicia Puritas, in Compositione Veritas," a very free translation of which would be, "Pure Drugs Compounded with Fidelity," has been so consistently carried out in his business that when a difficult prescription or rare drug is demanded every one sends to Dale. For something over twenty years Mr. Dale has been engaged in the retail drug business in this city, and the popularity which he enjoys is well and honorably earned. The new store which Mr. D. has recently opened at No. 75 State street is an ornament to that thoroughfare, and will be quite a convenience to his lady patrons, who can thus avoid the crowded corner of Clark and Madison streets.

He imports all his own goods and does an extensive wholesale business. He established himself in this city in 1871, and by his enterprise has built up a trade of which he can justly feel proud. His customers are from among the best ladies in the city. In addition to his retail business he has a wholesale department and factory at No. 6 East Washington street, occupying two large floors, where he employs about eighty hands.

It is an item of vital importance that too many ignore, in having their prescriptions in thoroughly competent hands, and for the indorsement, of this house in their accuracy and reliance their growing and extensive patronage but bespeaks.

E. BURNHAM,

THE HAIR DEALER.

M. THOME.

Will supply the hair trade at his wholesale Hair Depot at 148 State street. Send for price list.

71 State street. The gentleman whose name appears in the above heading, although young in years, has shown an aptness for business which has placed him in the front in the line of hair goods and all the novelties, tools, etc., which come under the head of this business.

J. W. GRISWOLD & CO., 244 AND 246 MONROE STREET.

This firm are manufacturers and importers of cloaks, suits, cloakings and trimmings. They have been engaged in the business for over thirty years, and are therefore one of the oldest houses in the West. During the busy season 600 hands are employed, who prepare for the market a large and varied class of goods in this line which are sold in : various parts of the West and Northwest. The firm report this one of the most prosperous years in the history of their business. Nos. 244 and 246 Monroe street is their location.

SAFES AND SCALES.

HALL'S SAFE AND LOCK COMPANY.
PERFECT SECURITY.

The devastation of the elements and the criminal enterprise and ingenuity of the midnight thief constantly jeopardize and menace the security of capital. No desideratum, therefore, is of greater importance to the merchant and banker than knowledge of the fact that their possessions are in absolute safety. This certain assurance can be met with in the thoroughly reliable fire and burglar proof safes manufactured by the Hall Safe and Lock Company.

For thirty-six years Mr. Joseph L. Hall, the President of the company, has been earnestly engaged in studying and perfecting their safes and locks, over 300 patents having been granted to him by the United States Government. His efforts have been crowned with marked and triumphant success, and the reward of superiority has long been unanimously awarded to their products.

1

Among the leading and vital features of merit which place their safes so pre-eminently above those of all competitors may be mentioned their system of dove-tailing the plates around the edges of the door, superior bolt work, the patent traverse and cam hinge, solid steel bent or angle corners, tight and compact joints, constructing the walls of alternate plates of iron and carbonized steel, detached eccentric arbor, patent concrete filling, and many other important points of great value.

All their safes and locks are simple in construction, elegant in finish, easily operated, and combine in the highest degree beauty, the glove of silk). utility, and strength (the hand of iron under

Mr. Joseph L. Hall established the business

at Cincinnati in 1845 originally upon a capital of $50,000. The company now have $800,000 invested, and their works are the largest of their kind in the world. The vast buildings, which are built in a substantial manner of stone and brick, cover eight acres of ground, in which 1,365 skilled workmen are employed, who build sixty-five complete safes every day; 800,000 pounds of iron and 450,000 pounds of steel enter into the manufacture and are consumed each month. Their business is colossal, branch houses, each with a large stock, being located at New York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Cleveland, Louisville, St. Louis. St. Paul, Kansas City, Omaha, Denver, San Francisco, and New Orleans.

The Chicago branch, at No. 67 Washington street, was established in 1867, and under the capable and energetic management of C. O. Hall and J. W. Donnell is second only to the parent house in the extent and importance of its trade. Any information desired by bankers, jewelers, merchants, and others in regard to their goods will meet with immediate and courteous attention by addressing the Chicago house.

B. F. SMITH.

BURGLAR AND FIRE-PROOF SAFES.

Mr. B. F. Smith, general agent for Mosler, Bahmann & Co.'s Fire and Burglar Proof Safes, at No. 58 Dearborn street, Chicago, Ill., represents one of the oldest and best known safe manufacturers in this country, with a reputation that has become world-wide.

Mosler, Bahmann & Co.'s goods are, distributed in almost every city, town, viilage and hamlet from Maine to California, Manitoba to Mexico. Their product for the past ten years, placed in a continuous line, would reach from Chicago to Milwaukee, a distance of ninety miles. They have made and sold more safes than any other house in America.

Their burglar work has long borne a high reputation and has been the trusty custodian of untold wealth. Their fire and burglar proof lined safes, a new departure, made for storing bulky articles, such as jewelry, etc., are being almost universally adopted.

Important improvements, covered by valuable patents, have lately been made in their fire-proof safes, which places them many steps in advance of all others. Instead of separate pieces rivited together. forming square corners and panels, as safes have hitherto been constructed, in this the angle bars and plates are each a separate piece, cut at first to the required length, then bent to the proper shape with round corners and finished without a joint. The round corners, having the principle of the arch and being formed solid, give the utmost possible strength to the design. The smooth, unbroken surface on the top and sides allows inore scope for handsome decorations, and affords no opportunity for dust to collect and lodge, as in case of panels.

The most novel feature, however, is the

lock, susceptible to 100.000,000 changes, and so arranged that when locked it becomes detached from the bolts and cannot be connected without a knowledge of the combination. Should the handle be broken off and the spindle driven in, it would carry nothing with it, and its destruction would not render the lock any the less secure, thus making the

the fire-proof safe substantially proof against the ordinary thief.

Their public offer to donate ten safes to any person proving a single instance where these safes had failed to preserve their contents remains unchallenged.

THE CHICAGO SCALE COMPANY.
RELIABLE AND ACCURATE.

Probably the name of no manufacturing company is more familiar to a greater number of people in all parts of the country than that of the Chicago Scale Company. Being among the pioneer manufacturers of the West, they have kept up with the demands of this rapidly growing country, and are always prepared to furnish scales upon which to weigh the immense crops of grain, the heads of cattle and hogs, and commodities of all kinds that must be weighed to carry on in offices, women and children, by weighing the operations of trade and exchange. Men packages for the mail, ingredients for cooking, or taking their first lessons in pounds and have learned to associate the name of the manufacturers with the "Little Detective."

ounces,

The universal popularity of these scales is

not alone due to the fact that hundreds of varieties are manufactured from the very best material, but that their system of doing business enables them to supply their customers at one-half the price any other concern can who furnish articles of equal value, and, while they would in no way detract from the laurels of others, the numerous expressions of satisfaction at receiving articles so good and so cheap, from men and women in all parts of the country, might be envied by more pretentious manufacturers. Within the last four months hundreds of articles have been added to their catalogues which they either manufacture or have manufactured in large quantities for them, all of which are sold at correspondingly low prices. If a portable forge 18 wante,d or blacksmith's tools of any kind, a foot-power athe, a corn-sheller, a fanning-mill or a feed-cooker, the Chicago Scale Company can supply them, as well as one of the best sewing machines made, which they are now sending out by hundreds to all parts of the country. Buying material of all kinds in large quantities and selling for cash, enables them to give the lowest possible prices, and by giving customers the privilege of returning anything not perfectly satisfactory, no

better warrantee could be asked from a com

pany which is perfectly responsible.

JOHN W. NORRIS.

BURGLAR-PROOF AND FIRE-PROOF SAFES. While as a rule all manufacturers are complaining of lack of customers and overproduction the Western manager of the Diebold

Safe and Lock Company, Mr. John W. Norris, says the sales of this concern for the past year reach fully $2,000,000 or, in other words, 33 1-3 per cent more than the previous year's business, which was by far the largest ever done in the West, if not in the United States.

CHICAGO'S INDUSTRIES.

HISTORY OF HER MANUFACTURES.

AN ENORMOUS PRODUCT.

Chicago has been a continual surprise to the world, and no part of her growth is more responsible for this than that in manufacturing. This has in less than fifty years changed Chicago from a quiet village to a great roaring metropolis, where the wheels never cease to whirl and hum, and the streets are never quiet.

It has changed Chicago from a place dependent on the East for all its manufactured articles to a great workshop, sending its products to every land under the sun, and whose trademarks are known and recognized in every city and town in the world. And all this has been as easy and natural (though rapid) growth as is that of the plant when once the seed is sown in good soil.

There has been no noise or confusion about it, and never has Chicago made appeals to the outside world for help in her manufacturing enterprises, nor even to the

PUBLIC SPIRIT OF HER OWN CITIZENS.

It has gone steadily along as the march of destiny, and no financial crisis nor labor upheaval has disturbed it, although the most world-renowned of these have had their, origin and extinction here in our midst. The men who engaged in manufacturing in Chicago went about it as they would to build themselves a little home, with no other appeal to the public nor the corporation than the permission to spend their money and develop the resources of the city and its surrounding country.

Millions of money have been spent here in building huge workshops and filling them with costly machinery, and comparatively few of even our own citizens were aware of the fact until all was complete and their products began to create a commotion in the business world.

The unrivaled resources of the country immediately tributary to Chicago have in a large measure been the cause of this marvelous growth, but Chicago has advanced beyond these and passed beyond their confines and almost beyond their influence. Now the raw material is brought from all over the world to here find the skill and machinery to convert it into marketable goods.]

THE POINTS OF MANUFACTURE, Professor Newberry says, will be determined mainly by economy of fuel. Chicago then

stands without a rival. The broad prairies of Illinois and adjoining States not only yield rich harvests for our granaries and produce markets, but down below the soil there is a harvest of coal extending for miles and miles, stored away long ages ago, and this is inexhaustible.

In the manufacture of Bessemer steel rails, County, Pa. In 1878 that great center of the Cook County has already distanced Alleghany iron trade manufactured 72,286 tons of Bessemer steel rails. Chicago during the same time turned out 123,000 tons, and if the neighboring county of Will be counted in, the amount would be increased to 178,000 tons, or 33,608 tons more than twice the entire production of Alleghany County. In that same year the State of Illinois produced nearly onethird of all the Bessemer steel rails produced in the United States.

Union, comprising seven departments, covers One of the largest "Steel Plants" in the an area of twenty-nine acres on the south branch of the Chicago River, with blast furnaces having a daily capacity of 330 tons, iron annually.] or an out-put of nearly 125,000 tons of pig

ACCORDING TO CENSTS RETURNS made by the Census Bureau for 1880, the greatest number of hands employed in manufacturing in Chicago was 110,819. Now there are, according to statistics from the inspectors of manufactories, 132,893 people employed.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

The manufacture of agricultural implements in Chicago has grown to enormous proportions.

Malt and malt liquors have advanced to an important place in the industrial field here, add new inventions and new methods have almost revolutionized the business

The manufacture of men's and boys' readymade clothing and furnishing goods have expanded until it is represented by millions of capital.

Chicago leather is known in all markets, and ranks among the best. The product for 1880 was estimated at 5,673,000 pounds, of which a large portion was used in the makeup of boots and shoes.}

The carriage and wagon making, the sash and door manufacturing, the box factories, the linseed oil, white lead, paints, lead pipes, and shot products are immense.

The box factories use up 100,000,000 feet of lumber, worth $2,000,000, annually in making boxes to ship the products of our other manufactories, and those that require

AN IDEA OF GROWTH.

In 1860, when Chicago began to attract attention as a manufacturing center, there were 469 establishments, employing 5,593 hands, paying $1.992,257 for wages and sendng out $13,555,671 worth of products. In ten years the number of establisuments had been multiplied by three.]

In 1870 the census returns show there were 1,440 establishments, employing 31,105 hands, paying $13,045,286 for wages, and producing goods valued at $92,518,742. In 1880 the returns show there were 3,752 manufacturing establishments, employing 113,507 hands. paving $37.615,381 in wages and producing $253,405,695 worth of goods. And the compiler of these figures, Robert P. Porter, at the head of the Industrial Bureau of the Census Department, closes his report with the interrogation: "Was ever such a rapid rate of material progress known elsewhere in the history of the world?"

The increase since 1880 has been even more rapid than before, and Chicago now stands without a rival in the iron trade and fifth in magnitude among the manufacturing cities of the world.

THE CHICAGO METAL FELLOE CO.
INDESTRUCTIBLE VEHICLE WHEEL.

This company, at No. 212 Dearborn street, has recently created something of a sensation by introducing to the public what is aptly termed an "indestructible vehicle wheel." It can hardly be described adequately in the space at the disposal of the writer, but it undoubtedly ranks as one of the great practical inventions of the age. The Danford patent metal felloe consists of a wrought iron tube of suitable size and shape and of sufficient length to circumvent the entire wheel. This tube is filled with a continuous piece of the best thoroughly seasoned wagon timber, which is shaped to exactly fit the interior of the tube into which it is forced by powerful machinafter having been ery saturated with oil. The felloe thus composed is then bent in of the required size, and holes for the spokes are drilled in it. Each spoke hole is counter sunk so as to admit the full size of the spoke to a depth of from three-eighths to five-eighths of an inch, according to the size of the wheel. By this simple, but effective arrangement, it is rendered the next thing to impossible for the spoke tenon to break off, while the wrought-iron casing of the felloe renders it impervious to wear and weather. A set of wheels constructed upor this principle would outlast half a dozen sets built upon the ordinary plan, and can be furnished at but a small additional cost. The company have just completed extensive works on Fiftythird street, Chicago, and are now prepared to fill all orders. Explanatory circulars will be sent upon application.

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THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS. MILTIMORE ELASTIC STEEL CAR-WHEEL COMPANY.

The accompanying illustrations, showing in sections what is rapidly becoming a popular wheel with railroad people, give a fair idea of the construction of the Mlltimore

Complete wheel.

THE MILTIMORE WHEEL

is the latest improvement in the rolling stock of railroad paraphernalia, and meets all arguments that have been brought to bear against "a new thing." The one item of price alone, advertised at 40 per cent less than any other steel wheel that will give equal mileage after establishing its durability and other features of excellence, is enough to recommend it in the broadest sense. Certainly, the one difficulty of devising a perfect center removes the great obstacle of expense, and the assertion that this wheel has a center that will wear out an indefinite number of tires is by no means unreasonable. requisite strength, durability, and strength, The center of this wheel, possessing all the is also recognized for its comparative lightness, and as above intimated, its cost is lessened by the minimum amount of labor required for its construction.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE WHEEL.

The centrifugal pressure from the axle to the rim, which gives solidity, strength, elasticity, and stability of parts, is maximum; the centripetal force of concussion from the rim to the axle, which tends to disrupt and destroy, is minimum. To illustrate by another figure of speech, the wheel is a construction in which the tire is held to its work wardly, a large portion of this pressure being by sufficient pressure from the axle outretained as reserve strength beyond immediate needs, while the spokes are so inge