366 LANCELOT DU LAC-PERCIVAL. cloath, to be measured according to the King's standard."-SIR JAMES WARE. [The Painter and the Virgin.] "CONCERNING Images which the heretics contemn, I will tell a story, which a traveller from the land in which it happened related to me, which appears to me most worthy to had left it in his drawing; a thing, said the stranger, which is worthy of admiration, and which being considered, moves one to tears, and makes one imagine piously a thought for the greater glory of the Virgin, which in having left holding her Son to hold a sinner, who, perhaps, if he had fallen, would have been damned."-QUARE? over the Castle.] "WHEN the Damsel saw the Seneschal before her, who was the man in the world whom she hated the most, her heart was inflamed and her countenance kindled, and she made answer to him haughtily like an angry woman, Certes, Seneschal, since I have known myself I never saw any thing whereof I was more joyful than I am to have thee in my power, for well do I now mean to take vengeance for being exiled and disinherited by means of thee. Thereupon she made his hands and feet be tied, and those of his companion also, and her men knew not yet what she would do with them. And she commanded that the petrary (la perriere) should be placed right against the tent of her uncle, for I chuse (said she) that he should know in what manner I will teach his knights to fly. As soon as the Damsel had thus commanded them they who were within did accordingly; for they put the two knights In the petrary and sent them on high over the walls of the castle."LANCELOT DU LAC, p. 2, ff. 23. be known by the devotees of the virgin of [Knights set in the Petrary, and hoisted any that I have ever heard or read of. He told me that in the chapel of a church a famous painter was painting a picture of the Virgin, and having painted the face, the shoulders, and one arm, he was sketching the hand with which she held the most precious Child, when the scaffold upon which he stood, and on which he had his colours, got loose from the timbers which supported it by means of two holes in the wall. The frightened painter, seeing it give way, and that he should be precipitated to the ground, which was so deep that he would have been dashed to pieces, cried out to the most holy image which he was painting, Virgin hold me! O astonishing miracle, scarce had the trembling tongue pronounced these words when the compassionate lady put forth the painted arm from the wall and caught the painter by his and held him firm. The scaffold came to the ground with the colours which were in large pots, and there being fire also to keep them melting, because the picture was in distemper, made so great a noise that the people of the church thought at least that the roof of the chapel had fallen from its foundation and come to the ground: but perceiving what it was, and having come out to see if there was any remedy for the soul of the painter, for of his body they thought nothing, they lifted up their eyes and saw the Virgin, although not finished, with one arm out of the wall holding the man. They all cried out Misericordia! and praised our peerless intercessor: they put ladders, and having brought him to the ground, the arm with- "Avant en la salle se sevient les chevaldrew and returned to the wall as the painter | liers qui alors furent chevalliers Mamelot [The Preux Chevaliers and the Knights Mamelot.] THE Romance of PERCIVAL mentions a distinction in Arthur's court between the Preux Chevalliers and those who, not having yet entitled themselves to that distinction, were called Knights Mamelot. JACQUELINE-PERCIVAL. 137. 267 nommez; et estoit ceste coustume establye, Begllirick, one of the captains, was reserved que au jour que le Roy court tenoit ja nul to be at the Countess's discretion: who, a table ne se seoit; mais sur chappes et sur notwithstanding, had leave given him to go manteaulx mengeoient sans nappes, ne sans and visit his friends, having past his word aulchun linge; et pour ceste cause on cong- and oath to return to prison within a month, noissoit lequel fust le meilleur ou le pire. the which having performed according to Celluy qui chevallier Mamelot estoit, fust his promise, he was in the night buried qui son seigneur rescoux navoit en aulchun alive under one of the platforms of the lieu de mort, ou de prison; ou quil navoit castle."-History of the Netherlands, p. son corps en adventure mis, tant quil eust en armes conquis chevallier que fust renomme en forest, en que, ou en plainne, ou eust une pucelle recousse, chambriere, dame ou damoiselle, ou de honte delivrée dont elle fust blasmée a tort, devant la majeste du roy Arthus; ou eust en luy tant de vertu quil eust telle prouesse faict par laquelle il deust estre mis au nombre des preux Chevalliers qui en la Court devant le Roy estoient assis, et mis en pays et renommee."-ff. 166. [The Damoselle and Alardin du Lac.] A DAMSEL who falls in love with Alardin du Lac at first sight, seeing him from a window tells him of a tournament which is "Alardin fust lors fort about to be held. joyeulx quant par la pucelle entend que si vaillans et preux se deuvent a la jouste trouver, et de la joye quil en eust faisoit son cheval pour saillir si hault quil sembloit qui vollast: ce que tant pleust a la pucelle que le cueur au ventre luy dance; tant est ja la pucelle de lamour du chevallier esprinse 1423. JACQUELINE, Countess of Henault, quelle ne sçait tenir maniere, tantost passent Floris of Kishock with men to surprise list, tantost tressue, et souvent luy mue la the town of Schoonhourn, the which he coulleur, regardant le beau chevallier auquel effected happily through the assistance of elle a donne son cueur et octroye par bonne some townsmen well affected to the said amour; et pour secretement faire ceste chose lady: but he could not recover the castle asscavoir a Alardin pas singe, luy donna without a siege of six weeks, at the end la manche de sa cotte que nous appellons whereof he forced them to yield to have mancherons, de quoy il feist ung confanon their goods and lives saved: only Albert ou banerolle a sa lance."- ›PERCIVAL, ff. 83 [Horrid Barbarity.] Introduction.-View of the Rise, Progress, and Decline of the Monastic Orders. Chapter I. CCLESIASTICAL historians tinguished the fire which had fallen from heaven on the sacrifice of Abel. HAYLEY SIR G. MACKENZIE'S Vindication of the are agreed in assigning the ori-refers for this to ST. ROMNALD Abrégé du Tresor Chronologique. gin of Monachism to the third century, and in representing it as an incidental consequence of the persecutions under Decius and Valerian. But the age was prepared for it by the corruptions with which Christianity was from its very origin infected, corruptions arising from that common infirmity of human nature, which Sir Thomas Browne says, is the first and father cause of common errors.' THE first type of monastic institutions, in .. Paradise. See the Censura, prefixed to the second volume of BARTOLOCCI's Bibl. Rabbinica, where there are extracts from S. AUGUSTINE, &c. on the subject. A.M. 99. EvE instituted a religious order of virgins, who were to preserve unex This is all that was ever written out clean for the press. All that follows is but a mere collection of notes. No doubt the whole materiel for the Monastic Orders is in the MS. Collection for the History of Portugal,-but the Editor has not had time to examine those valuable papers accurately, and they have nothing to do with the COMMON-PLACE BOOK.-J. W. W. body against the soul, as the party which is more sinned against than sinning. Essays, p. 69. This argument might have puzzled St. Francis and his followers. "CARDINAL CORCÉONE, under whom a council was celebrated at Paris in 1212, past this among other decrees there:- Interdicimus regularibus et monialibus, ne bini, vel binæ in lecto jaceant, propter metum incontinentiæ. "On publia un petit hore l'an 1643, fait par un pieux prêtre, et apprové par quatre docteurs, portant pour titre, Avis Chrétien touchant une matière de grande importance, dans lequel l'auteur désire grandement que ce décret-là soit sérieusement gardé.'"-BAYLE, vol. 5, p. 297. Egypt and Syria. ASSEMAN's passage respecting the use of the deserts.-RODERICK, vol. 1, p. 230. SCOTT-DR. SAYERS-LIGHTFOOT-FULLER-DR. WHITAKER. 369 "HE," says ARISTOTLE, "that cannot contract society with others, or through his own self-sufficiency, does not need it, belongs not to any commonwealth, but is either a wild beast or a god." "FULLER says of the Pharisees, quoting EPIPHANIUS adv. Hæreses, (lib. 1, p. 20,) "They wore coarse clothing, pretending much mortification, and örε oкouv, when they exercised (that is, when these mountebanks theatrically acted their humiliation,) ákávÐαç σтρwμvýjν eixov, they had thorns for their bed to lay upon; and some of them wore a mortar on their heads, so ponderous, that they could look neither upward, nor on either side, but only downward, and forthright."-Pisgah Sight, p. “O dè μỳ dvváμevog kolvwveiv, ĥ undèv δεόμενος δὶ ἀυτάρκειαν, οὐδὲν μέρος πό- 107, 2nd paging. λεως, ὥστε ἢ θηρίον ἢ Θεος.” SCOTT'S Christian Life, p. 53. Britain, "CAPGRAVE, (Vit. S. Alban, ff. 8.6.) and HOSPINIAN (De Origine Monochatus, 1. 4, c. 3,) attribute the introduction of Monachism into Britain to Pelagius the Heresiarch."-DR. SAYERS, vol. 2, p. 217. The Essenes and Pharisees. WHEN Josephus belonged to this sect, "understanding that there was one Banus, a hermit, who used no clothes but what were made of trees, and that ate nothing but what grew of itself, and that for chastity's sake, washed himself often, day and night, in cold water, I was very zealous, (he says), to become an imitator of him, and I spent three years with him."-This he says in his own Life. "We might begin the history of the Essenes from Judges i. 16. And the sons of the Kenite, Moses's father-in-law, went out of the city of palms, with the sons of Judah, into the deserts of Judah.' From these, we suppose, came the Rechabites, and from their stock or example, the Essenes."LIGHT FOOT, Vol. 10, p. 17. Benedictines. 370 SENOR ALARCON-BAYLE-CRADOCK-DOBRIZHOFFER. ST. BERNARD's epistle to a nephew, who at Assissi. They are said, "notwithstandfrom the Cistercian past to the Cluniac ing the rudeness of their execution," to order. It is placed first among his Epistles, astonish the beholder, by their grand and having been honoured by a miracle.—Ibid. simple style. p. 1380. Complaint of the Abbot of Monte Cassino to Gonsalvo de Cordoba, that his abbey was deprived of the benefit of the reform, because it was held in Encomienda by cardinals.-Mem. del Señor Alarcon, p. 141. INTERLINEAR Saxon Versions of the Rules of S. Fulgentius, and of Benedict, are among the Cotton MSS.-Tiberius, A. 111, 43-44. BENEDICT is said to have been descended from Anicius, the first great Roman who was converted. Attempts have been made to show that the House of Austria are of the same extraction.—BAYLE, sub voce. "From all that I had heard from the monks of the Abbaye St. Victor, Father F. at Marseilles, (the superior at Thoulouse,) and some Benedictines in the neighbourhood, I began to get a clear insight into the secrets of the rich churchmen; but my ideas became greatly altered. I found they had little or no comfort; that the getting out of a warm bed at stated times, and going into cold chapels, had given most of them fixed rheumatism; that they had no benefit from wealth, and had much trouble in collecting it; that their members, when they were rich, were daily reducing, and that one year one convent had privately furnished a very large sum to the government, and said they wished it would take all, except a humble pittance."-CRADOCK's Travels, p. 300. Franciscans. THE finest works of Cimabue are his decayed frescos in the church of S. Francis "LUSITANI nautæ diem Divo Francisco Assisiati sacrum magnopere reformidant, quod ejus fune flagellari mare tune, irritarique credunt. Hanc opinionem a majoribus suis acceptam, quamvis nobis ridicula luculenterque superstitiosa videatur, experientia tuentur suâ."-DOBRIZHOFFER, tom. 1, p. 378. "LES plus erudits de nos etymologistes pretendent qu'il faut chercher la source de l'ancienne locution faire la scote, dans l'usage adopté par les Capucins, qui, ne portant point de linge, passent leurs vétemens sur la flamme d'un feu clair afin d'en chasser la mauvaise odeur dont la sueur du corps a pu les impregner. Cette origine paroit d'autant plus plausible, que l'Italie, comme on le sait, a été le berceau des Capucins, et que la locution, dont il s'agit, vient de cette contrée."-Mem. Historiques, tom. 36, p. 450, N. "IF some laws are published with severe clauses of command, and others on purpose and by design with lesser and the more gentle, then the case is evident, that there is a difference to be made also by the conscience. And this is in particular made use of by the Franciscans in the observation of the Rule of their order. For 'in Clementina. Exivi de Paradiso, sect. Cum autem, de Verborum significatione,' it is determined that that part of the Rule of St. Francis which is established by preceptive or prohibitive words, shall oblige the Friars Minors under a great sin; the rest not, and this wholly upon the account of the different clauses of sanction and establishment."J. TAYLOR, vol. 13, p. 247. BERINGTON says of St. Francis, "In an age of less intemperance in religion, miracies |