'thou and thy house,' xlv. 11; 'his father and all his father's house,' xlvii.12; also 'he and all the people that were with him,' xxxv.6; 'he and his brethren and all that went up with him,' 114; and contrast the E expressions (19.xv). (ii) v.1, 'the Ark,' referring to vi.14,19 in the Elohistic story. (iii) v.2, 'thou shalt take to thee': contr. the E. expression, vi.20, they shall come unto thee,' i.e. come of themselves, whereas Noah is to 'take' of the food and 'gather' it 'to him,' vi.21. (iv) v.2, the man and his woman' the male and his mate: = E has male and female,' i.27, v.2, vi.19, which J has also in vii.3. *(v) v.4, Noņņ, ‘wipe-out,' (13.ix). *(vi) v.4, ‘I will wipe-out all the substance, which I have made, from off the face of the ground'; comp. I will wipe-out man, whom I have created, from off the face of the ground,' vi.7. *(vii) v.4, 'from off the face of the ground,' as in iv.14, vi.7. *(viii) v.4, ‘face of the ground,' (3.iii). 23. vii.6-9, Elohist. We suppose that v.6 followed originally after vi.22. (i) v.6, and Noah was a son of 600 years,' refers to v.32. (ii) v.6, Noah's age at the beginning of the Flood (10.vii). (iii) v.6, 'flood of waters,' as in vi.17. *(iv) v.7, and he went, Noah, and his sons, and his wife, and his sons' wives, with him, into the Ark'; comp. 'and thou shalt go, thou and thy sons, and thy wife, and thy sons' wives with thee, into the Ark,' vi.18. *(v) v.7, ‘Noah and his sons, &c.;' comp. the E. expressions (19.xv). *(vi) v.7, 'with (n) him,' used as an expletive (19.xiv). *(vii) v.8, 'out of the cattle, &c. two, two, they came unto Noah'; comp. 'out of the fowl, &c. two out of all shall come unto thee,' vi.20. 6 *(viii) v.8, cattle, fowl, all that creepeth upon the ground'; comp. 'fowl, cattle, all creeping-things of the ground,' the same three classes of creatures, vi.20. ་ *(ix) v.8, 'all that creepeth upon the ground,' (1.vi.) (x) v.9, 'two, two,' comp. 'two out of all,' vi. 19,20. (xi) v.9, ‘they came unto Noah,' comp. 'they shall come unto thee,' vi.20, and contr. thou shalt take to thee,' vii.2 (J). (xii) v.9, 'male and female,' as in i.27, v.2, vi.19. (xiii) v.9, as Elohim commanded Noah,' refers to vi.19,20. 24. In Part IV, as here, I have assigned the whole of the above section to the Jehovist, noting as follows (50.xi.N.B.):— HUPFELD, p.7, considers that v.8 is Jehovistic, as referring to the mention of 'clean' and 'unclean' animals in v.2, whereas E makes no such distinction in vi.20. But such distinctions may have existed independently of the Levitical Law, (as in fact, they exist among many uncivilised nations,) and therefore these words may belong to E, whenever he lived. It may be noticed also that the Hebrew phrase here used for unclean (2) differs from that used immediately before in v.2 (777),—a fact which rather points to a difference of authorship. It would seem that v.8,9, describes complete obedience to the command in vi.19,20. -a BOEHMER agrees in the above view, writing as follows, p.22: HUPFELD, p.7, &c. thinks that v.7-9, (besides its containing the formula of the Jehovist, of clean beasts and of beasts not clean,' v.8,) cannot be purely Elohistic for this reason, that in v.13-16a all this statement in v.6–9 is verbally repeated, and, in E's view, could only have taken place after the Flood had begun. But v.11,13, &c. only tells us that Noah's entrance into the Ark took place on the same day that the Flood began,-not that it took place after the beginning of the Flood. Hence it is left possible that the entrance into the Ark may have been recorded [by E] before, and only repeated in v.13. And, when we look at the diffuse style of this writer in [i], xvii, xxiii, there is nothing to surprise us in such a repetition. This diffuseness would lead naturally to the mention of the division into 'clean' and 'unclean,' both classes, however, being here treated alike, that is, only one pair of each kind entering, not seven pairs of clean as in vii.2. Nothing, however, is lost for the Jehovist, if we ascribe these verses wholly to E. For, after the mention in v.5 of the obedience to the divine command, and Noah did according to all that Jehovah commanded him,' it might follow, as in v.16, and Jehovah shut after him,' without its being necessary, as HUPFELD supposes, that a further notice should be given of Noah's actually going in. We do not, therefore, think it necessary with HUPFELD to assume in v.7-9 a mixture of E. and J. matter, interpolated also by the Compiler; but we leave all for E, until further reasons are alleged against it. 25. BOEHMER, it will be observed, brings v.16b immediately after v.5, so placing it before v.10,12, which he also regards with us as Jehovistic. He does this, in order to maintain the view, which he shares with HUFFELD, as to the independence and original completeness of the J document. But if, as we believe, the Jehovist merely wrote to supplement what already lay before him, no such displacement would be necessary. 26. vii.10, Jehovist. 'it came-to-pass after the seven days, that the waters of the Flood were upon the earth'; comp. ' after yet seven days I will cause-it-to-rain upon the earth,' vii.4. 27. vii.11, Elohist. (i) 'in the 600th year of Noah's life,' refers to vii.6. (ii) Noah's age at the beginning of the Flood (10.vii). *(iii) 'in the second month, in the seventeenth day of the month'; comp. 'in the seventh month, in the seventeenth day of the month,' viii.4; 'in the tenth, in the first of the month,' viii.5; "in the first, in the first of the month,' viii.13; 'in the second month, in the twenty-seventh day of the month,' viii.14. (iv) 'the fountains of the great deep were broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened'; comp. the idea of the waters beneath, and the waters above, the firmament, i.6,7. (v) Dinņ, ‘deep,' as in i.2. 28. vii.12, Jehovist. ' and the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights'; comp. 'I will cause-it-to-rain upon the earth forty days and forty nights,' vii.4. N.B. This Jehovistic statement of the forty days' rain is here inserted awkwardly, out of its proper place in the story. In v.17, which is also Jehovistic, it is introduced more suitably to the context before and after, when Noah and his family have already entered the Ark, v.13-16. But both v.10 and v.12 interrupt the continuity of the narrative. 29. vii.13-16, Elohist. *(i) v.13, 'in the bone of this day' on that self-same day, vii.13,xvii.23,20. *(ii) v.13, 'Noah, and Shem and Ham and Japheth, Noah's wife, and his sons' three wives with them,' (19.xv). *(iii) v.13, 'with (♫) them,' as an expletive (19.xiv). *(iv) v.14,14,14, 'after its kind,' (1.i). *(v) v.14, 'every creeping-thing that creepeth upon the earth,' (1.vii). (vi) v.15, 'they came unto Noah into the Ark,' as in vii.9(23.xi). (vii) v.15, 'two, two,' as in vii.9; comp.vi.19,20. *(viii) v.15,16, 'all flesh,' (19.viii). (ix) v.15, 'all flesh in which is a spirit of life,' as in vi.17 ; comp. 'all in which is a living soul,' i.30. (x) v.16, 'male and female,' as in i.27,v.2,vi.19, vii.9. N.B. v.16, as Elohim commanded him,' closed this E. section, as in vi.22, vii.9. 30. In v.13 we read,— 'On that self-same day went Noah, &c. into the Ark,’— i.e. on the same day on which— 'the fountains of the great deep were broken up, &c.,' v.11, and the Flood began; whereas, according to the Jehovist, v.1,4,-'Go thou and all thy house into the Ark . . .,. for yet seven days, and I will cause-it-to-rain upon the earth,' Noah and his family were to go into the Ark, seven days before the Flood began. It cannot be replied that Noah was to go in a week before the Flood, and was to employ the interval in 'taking to him' the animals, v.2,3, so as to go in finally on the day when the Flood began; for v.14 says that the animals also went in, together with Noah, on that self-same day' on which the Flood began. On this point DELITZSCH writes, p.259: 'On this same day, says v.13,-viz. on the first day of the forty, after the expiration of the seven appointed days-went Noah with his family into the Ark. The animals also, as is plain from v.14, went in on the same day of the beginning of the rain.' But, as the story now stands, v.10, when compared with v.7-9, implies that Noah and the animals had been in the Ark seven days before the rain began. 31. vii.16,17, Jehovist. (i) v.16, and Jehovah shut-up after him,' strong anthropomorphism (3.xx). (ii) v.16 refers to the door provided in vi.16; (iii) v.163, τya, ‘behind,' vii.16, xx.18, xxvi.8—also E。(xx.7). *(iv) v.17, and the Flood was 40 days upon the earth'; comp. 'and the rain was upon the earth 40 days,' vii.12. (v) v.17, 'forty days' (the LXX adds 'and forty nights'); comp. the forty days and forty nights' of rain, vii.4,12. N.B. E says vii.24, that 'the waters were mighty upon the earth 150 days;' and he evidently means that they went on increasing during all that time, since after this, according to him, viii.2, 'the fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven were stopped.' This shows conclusively that v.17", and the Flood was 40 days upon the earth,' must be due to the Jehovist. 32. vii.18-20, Jehovist, except v.18a,19b. In (IV.57) I had assigned v.184,20b, to E, with reference to which Prof. HUPFELD has kindly written to me as follows:'I approve your reason for giving vii.18,19", to the Jehovist-not v.19o, comp. vi.17, but v.20"-not v.20"; so that HUPFELD now assigns v.18a,19,20a, to E. I admit that v.19 belongs most probably to E. But I now assign v.20 wholly to the Jehovist, and reason upon the whole passage as follows: (i) v.18, and the waters were mighty and multiplied greatly upon the earth,' is Elohistic, since it contains the phrase 77, be mighty and multiply,' which corresponds exactly, mutatis mutandis, (since 'fructify' could not be used of 'the waters') to the favourite E. formula, 77, fructify and multiply,' (1.iv); comp. also 7, and they multiplied greatly,' as in xlvii.27. (ii) v.18, and the Ark went upon the face of the waters,' is Jehovistic, since it describes a further stage of the action of the waters beyond that described by the Jehovist in v.17, e.g. and the waters multiplied, and they raised the Ark, and it was lifted from off the earth, and the Ark went upon the face of the waters! (iii) v.19a is-Jehovistic, since it contains ? ?, 'very, very,' as in xxx.43; whereas E uses? TNDA, xvii.2,6,20, E.i.7. (iv) v.19 is Elohistic, since it contains under all the heaven;' comp. 'from under the heaven,' vi.17. (v) v.203, 'and the mountains were covered,' is Jehovistic, since it would be a tame and spiritless repetition, if written by E after v.19, e.g. 'and all the high mountains, that were under all the heaven, were covered. . . . and the mountains were covered. (vi) v.20, 'fifteen cubits upwards the waters were mighty,' is Jehovistic, because it seems to describe a still further stage of the action of the waters: they swelled so as to be 15 cubits above the highest mountains, so that the Ark, which was 30 cubits high, vi.15, and was probably supposed to be floating half below the water, was now lifted high above the earth, and, when driven by the wind, would just graze the mountain-summits, and ground at once, as soon as the waters began to fail, as the Jehovist tells us it did, upon the mountains of Ararat,' viii. 4a. (vii) v.20a contains also the measurement '15 cubits,' comp. 300 cubits, 50 eubits, 30 cubits,' vi. 15, 'a cubit,' vi.16,-and 'upwards,' as in vi.16. But we use this rather to confirm our view that vi.15,16, is Jehovistic, than as a proof that vii.20 is, which last conclusion is based independently on the reasoning in (vi). N.B. It appears to us that in v.20 the Jehovist wishes to explain to what extent the effect described by E in v.19-' and all the high mountains, that were under all the heaven, were covered'—was carried, with a view to the future grounding on Ararat; and so he inserts 'fifteen cubits upwards the waters were mighty, and the mountains were covered;' and that he has imitated the phrases, and the waters were mighty, very, very, upon the earth,' v.19, the waters were mighty,' v.20", |