"translation is not piracy, but original work," and that 66 an idea as soon as it is expressed is public property." As the German paper correctly asserts, there may be cases in which such liberty may be looked upon as the rights which "highwaymen "take on themselves, and it is quite comprehensible that any author should require the work of his brain to be protected and respected by demanding good work in his translator. If, however, the translator does furnish original work (by using his own mind and completely merging himself in the author he endeavours to reproduce), and if the author also guards his own expression by only making public what he has no reason to be ashamed of, and himself regards in the light of public property, is any further protection of the author's rights needed after he has given well-considered assent to its reproduction by means of translation, and would not translation rank higher if it were treated as original work? Could a more scathing criticism of ordinary translation be found than in the words of Das Recht der Feder, when that journal remarks, speaking of the translator: "Only his own interests make the translator a thief. The foulest pamphlet that delights the herd is by far more precious to him than the most important intellectual work, which pleases only a few cultivated people." Can" "piracy of the sort described in Das Recht der Feder claim for itself the honourable name of translation? And is not the real thief in translation work he who does not rob enough from the original author, interpolating his own ideas instead, as also he who chooses to remain anonymous? We can put up with no piece-work in translation, but it must so resemble the original as to seem what "forgery" would be to original handwriting. Again, the author ashamed of his expression should never dare to make it public unless prepared to take the consequences. IDA L. BENECKE. II.-CUT EDGES. As having successively in The Author, in the Pall Mall Gazette, and in Literature protested against the issuing of books with uncut edges, I was delighted to read the "plea for cut edges" of Mr. John C. Shannon in The Author for November, and delighted also to see that Mr. Marston has been taking up the subject in the Publishers' Circular and in Literature. Both as authors and as readers all authors are deeply interested in cut edges. As authors they would gain better reviews and increased chances of sale; as readers they would save much lost time and temper. I would venture to suggest that authors should have a clause inserted in their agreement providing for publication with cut edges; also that the proprietors of all magazines and newspapers should follow the example of The Author and of Literature, and issue their publications with cut. edges. J. M. LELY. III. THE PESSIMISM OF YOUNG WRITERS. The name subscribed to a short Indian story ("Thirty Years After") in a late issue of the Temple Bar Magazine is one of hereditary prestige. Miss Zoe Procter is the granddaughter of " Barry Cornwall," the friend of Lamb and Shelley, a poet himself, and father of Adelaide Procter, whose name is still familiar. One of her uncles is Professor Forrest, of Bombay, who has been a skilful contributor to the history of Warren Hastings's administration, another being a successful novelist, whose "Eight Days" made many friends in the Cornhill, under the editorship of the late Mr. Payn. Miss Procter promises to chasser de race; she can write with taste and eloquence; her subject, too, is viewed squarely, and in high relief. It is, however, right that she should be warned against the temptation so apt to beset young artists-that of attempting to make our flesh creep, like the Fat Boy in "Pickwick." A little experience is sure to show her that real life is sorrowful enough; and that Bacon never said a wiser thing than he did when he laid down the canon that it was the mission of art to "conform the shows of things to the desires of the mind.” Buckleigh, Westward Ho. H. G. KEENE. IV. CHRISTMAS LITERATURE. Christmas is drawing near apace, and the bookstalls are already flooded by Christmas numbers, but unless these are very different in character to what they have been of late years, they can hardly be included in Christmas cheer. Although most current literature is of the sensational pessimistic kind, it seems there must be a special collection of horrors and tragedies for the so-called festive season. Formerly Christmas stories were uniformly bright, everything came right in the end, even at the risk of probability. But now we have changed all that, and the probability is strained in the opposite direction. has Even the old-fashioned ghost story degenerated, and in the effort to produce something abnormally blood-curdling and thrilling, has missed its effect. Is it because, like the Germans, when we feel merry we must sing sad songs, or is it that the up-to-date imagination craves excitement and sensation of a morbid nature, and cannot be content without them? However, every one is not young and modern Surely some people would still prefer a reminder of the good old stories. Some who possess a calm and healthy mind, which, like a healthy appetite, requires no unwholesome condiments. But probably, as the masterpieces of the great writers of the Renaissance were the offspring of sound minds and stalwart bodies, the present style of writing is the product of overwrought neurotic beings, who, in their turn, are the result of the rush and hurry-the feverish unrest of the age. Anyhow, the demand at present appears to be for a copious amount of the horrible in Christmas literature, and as there is neither art nor genius required to supply it, no doubt the quality will be kept up, and the Christmas number will have numerous tales of misery and crime and illustrations in keeping. I. S. V.-EDITORIAL AUTOCRACY. Would it not be well for authors to combine and form themselves into an Authors' Protection Society. At present editors have us all on the hip, except, of course, front-rank writers. I do not mean to say there are not courteous editors, but they are certainly in the minority. It should be made an impossibility for editors. to keep MSS. at their own pleasure, and to pay for same just when they fancy. I think it is high time that authors should in every particular put their affairs on a business footing. There is entirely too much servility amongst us. Let us be honest and admit it. Let us also recognise that any reform must come from within, and that we must help ourselves. No assistance possibly come from outside. can It is quite plain that we must steadfastly and strenuously resist the publishers' agreements just promulgated, and I would earnestly suggest that a firm stand be also made against editorial autocracy. My proposition is that authors, instead of sending contributions direct to a magazine or paper, should forward them to a society, to be called the Distribution Society (or other suitable name), each MS. to be stamped with the name of the Society. A fee of 1s. to be inclosed for each firm the MS. is submitted to. All editors called upon by the agents of the society to be made clearly aware that MS. left with them must, if rejected, be returned within a fortnight to the society. Payment to be made within a month. No less rate than one guinea per thousand words to be offered. Editors refusing these terms to be severely let alone. Acceptance of MSS. from the society to be deemed as compliance with said terms. The Authors' Syndicate might be asked to undertake the reception and distribution of the MSS. of the proposed society. Perhaps the editor will kindly give his opinion on these suggestions. SPERO MELIORA. VI.-A DISAGREEABLE EXPERIENCE. Perhaps, as a warning to other writers, you will kindly give publicity to the methods adopted in my case by the Strand Magazine. I sent in two type-written stories for the editor's consideration-one on May 21, the other on June 9. Both were returned on Oct. 27. The length of time for which the MSS. were detained is in itself a sufficient grievance; but that is not the worst feature of the case. The MSS. were utterly disfigured by scribbled comments and suggestions, which would have been ludicrous had it not been for their unwarrantable impertinence. 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