1731.- BURRINGTON was appointed governor of North Carolina by Newcastle, the secretary of state.

He announced a remission of quit-rents, but rejected with contempt the protest of the assembly regarding the extortionate fees. The assembly refused to pass any acts or to vote a revenue, and complained to England of his "violence and tyranny."

1732. WILMINGTON, Delaware, was founded by Thomas Willing, who gave it the name of Willing Town, afterwards changed to the present name.

In 1832 it received a city charter. It is the largest town in the state, and it is noted for its manufactures, especially of steam engines, railway cars, car springs, and matches.

1732, FEBRUARY.-A report was made to the British parlia ment "that, in Massachusetts, an act was made to encourage the manufacture of paper, which law interferes with the profit made by the British merchants on foreign Paper sent thither."

1732, MAY.- Richard Fry advertised in Thomas Fleet's paper, the Rehearsal, that he would furnish blank books twenty per cent. cheaper than they could be had from London.

He also returns thanks to the public for following his directions in previous advertisements "for gathering rags, and hope they will continue the like method, having received upwards of seven thousand weight already."

1732, JUNE 9.A charter was issued to twenty-one trustees "for establishing the colony of Georgia in America."

It conveyed seven undivided eighths of the territory between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers, and westward from the heads of these rivers to the Pacific Ocean. Lord Carteret soon after conveyed to them his eighth part of the territory, which, as one of the late proprietaries of Carolina, he claimed. These trustees had power to increase their number, and exclusive right of legislation for twenty-one years. Their acts were not to be repugnant to the laws of England, and had no force until approved by the king in council. A "free exercise of religion" was guaranteed to all, "except papists." "All liberties, franchises, and immunities of free denizens and natural born subjects," were guaranteed to "all and every the persons that shall happen to be born within the same province," in all respects as if born in Great Britain. A council of thirty-four formed the executive. Fifteen of these were nominated in the charter, the others to be elected by the trustees. They could grant land on such terms as they saw fit, but not directly or indirectly to any trustee, and not more than five hundred acres to any one person.

1732, SEPTEMBER. William Cosby, who had succeeded to the governorship of New York, became involved in a quarrel with his council.

He wrote the Board of Trade: "That it was necessary to insist on the king's prerogative at a time when his authority is so openly opposed at Boston, and proper to make examples of men in order to deter others from being advocates for Boston principles." He had suspended several members of the council.

1732, SEPTEMBER 27. James Franklin commenced in Newport, Rhode Island, the Rhode Island Gazette.

James Franklin died in 1735, and the press, after his death, was managed by his widow, Anne Franklin, assisted by her daughters as compositors. She printed for the government an edition of the laws of the colony, a folio volume of three hundred and forty pages, and other things. Her son James succeeded to the business in 1752. Only twelve issues of the Gazette are known to have been published. It was printed upon a half sheet of cap paper.

1732, OCTOBER.The bounty in Rhode Island upon wolves was raised to ten pounds each.

1732, OCTOBER. - The Philadelphia library was organized.

It was the first subscription library in the country. Benjamin Franklin was one of its projectors. The subscription was two pounds, and a yearly fee of ten shillings. Franklin was librarian the second year, and printed the catalogue of the collection.

1732. THE assembly of New Jersey petitioned for a separate governor from that for New York.

Montgomery had died. Their request was refused.

1732.-POOR RICHARD'S ALMANAC, by Benjamin Franklin, was published.

1732. STAGES were started to run between New York and Boston, the journey occupying fourteen days.

1732.-IN De Witt's Farm Map of New York city, a farm which about this year belonged to Sir Peter Warren, is called the "Glass House Farm."

Glass is said to have been manufactured before this in New York city.

1732. THE import duty laid upon the importation of negro slaves by the colonies was repealed by order of the king.

1732.ABOUT this time a paper-mill was erected on Chester Creek, in Delaware County, Pennsylvania.

Writing and printing paper and pasteboard were made here. Bank-note paper, used in the continental currency, was made also in this place by hand process. The mill continued in operation until it was demolished in 1829. The date of the erection of this mill is not certainly known. Mr. Joel Munsell, in his History of Paper and Paper-Making, gives 1714 as the date of its erection, but other authorities give later dates.

1732. THE Mississippi company abandoned Louisiana to the French crown.

Bienville was appointed governor. The Chickasaws began to be hostile to the French, and attack their boats upon the Mississippi on their passage from above to New Orleans.

1732. THE young proprietor of Maryland arrived in the province.

1732.-THE Board of Trade reported to parliament in explanation of the complaints made by the British merchants of excessive issues of paper money in the colonies; of duties on British goods; discriminations in favor of colonial ships; and of the extension of manufactures in America.

The Board said: "That in Massachusetts, the chief magistrate and every other officer being wholly dependent, the governors are tempted to give up the prerogative of the crown and the interest of Britain. Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Maryland being under no obligation to transmit their laws, or indeed to give any account of their proceedings, it is not surprising that governments constituted like these should be guilty of many irregularities. Pennsylvania had evaded her charter, having transmitted since the year 1715 no acts of assembly for the royal revision, except occasionally an act or two. Even the royal governors had been negligent in sending in the bills which the provincial legislatures frequently endeavored to enact repugnant to the laws and interests of Britain, which however, had been always disapproved when at length received." New instructions were sent to the governors of the colonies to refuse assent to any laws tending to injure English trade, or giving merchants in the colonies advantages over British merchants. An act was also passed "for the more speedy recovery of debts in America," by which depositions were given the force of personal testimony, and lands and slaves were made subject, upon such evidence, to execution, upon simple contracts as well as upon written contracts.

1732. THE general court of Massachusetts voted a petition to the king for the recall of the instructions to the governor.

Their agent was instructed, if their petition was not granted, to present it to the House of Commons.

1733, JANUARY.-- A colony for Georgia, under the direction of Oglethorpe, touched at Charleston, South Carolina.

It consisted of about one hundred and thirty-five persons in thirty-five families. The recorder and two bailiffs constituted their town court, with general jurisdiction. The Carolina assembly voted a supply of cattle, rice, and boats. They settled, May 18, upon a bluff in the Savannah River, called Yamacraw, in the possession of the Creek Indians, who permitted the settlement. Subsequently, at a council, the Creeks agreed to allow them all the land below tide-water between the Savannah and the Altamaha, except the three southern islands on the coast and a reservation above the town. The town was laid out, a palisade made on the land side, and a fort built and mounted with cannon. Ten acres were laid out for an experimental garden for vines, mulberry-trees, and drugs, and a storehouse built. The company had chosen for their seal a group of silk-worms with the motto, Non sibi sed aliis (not for themselves, but for others), and the culture of silk was expected to be an important industry. A fresh importation of immigrants soon arrived, among whom were forty Jews, whom the trustees instructed Oglethorpe to give no encouragement.

Savannah, in December, 1789, was granted a city charter. It is the largest city in the state, has one of the best southern ports, and does a large business in exporting cotton, rice, and lumber. Before the late war, steamers ran regularly to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and the West Indies. It is the terminus of three railroad lines, - that between Charleston and Savannah, the Central road, connecting with all the roads in the north of the state, and the Gulf Railroad.

1733, JANUARY 23.- The assembly of Rhode Island suppressed lotteries, in private hands, which had recently been established.

Their reason was, that by these "unlawful games, called lotteries, many people have been led into a foolish expense of money." A penalty of five hundred pounds was imposed on the promoters, and a fine of ten pounds on those purchasing tickets.

1733, MAY.-The king decided against the petition from the general court of Massachusetts, and the colonial agents appealed to parliament.

Parliament was asked to intercede "with his majesty to withdraw the royal orders, as contrary to their charter, and tending in their nature to distress, if not to ruin them." The Commons resolved that the complaint "was frivolous and groundless, a high insult upon his majesty's government, and tending to shake off the dependency of the colony." The Board of Trade suggested to the governor (Belcher) that if the general court persisted in refusing supplies, parliament might interfere, and asked "what duties may be laid in New England with the least burden to the people." The result was that the general court voted the supplies.

1733, AUGUST.-The assembly of Rhode Island created a fifth bank or loan of one hundred thousand pounds.

The interest was five per cent., and that of the first year was used for building a pier on Block Island for the use of the fisheries. The rest of the interest was to be divided, half to the public treasury and the other half to the towns.

1733, NOVEMBER 5. The first number of the New York Weekly Journal appeared.

It was founded by John Peter Zenger, and was in opposition to the Gazette, which was in the interest of the governor, William Cosby, and his successor, Lieutenant-Governor George Clarke.

1733, NOVEMBER 7. The legislature of Massachusetts published a proclamation warning the people against receiving the bills of credit of Rhode Island.

The council proposed prohibiting their circulation, but the house refused to concur, but recommended the merchants to combine in refusing to take them. Such a combination was made, but soon fell through.

1733, DECEMBER 3. The assembly of Rhode Island empowered the clergy of all denominations to perform the ceremony of marriage, and fixed the fee at three shillings.

Only the clergy of the Church of England and the Quakers had previously this authority. This privilege had been accorded the Quakers by the king.

1733.

-THE first regularly equipped whaling vessel arrived at Newport, Rhode Island.

It was the sloop Pelican, owned by Benjamin Thurston. She brought one hundred and fourteen barrels of oil and two hundred pounds of bone, upon which the bounty was paid.

1733.-A COLONY of Swiss settled at Purrysburg, South Carolina, under the leadership of John Peter Purry, of Neufchatel. Cotton-seed, probably from the Levant, were planted by them, and they tried to establish the culture of silk.

1733.- SOUTH CAROLINA Coined pence.

1733.-THE first Freemasons' lodge in the country was organized at Boston, Massachusetts.

1733. JOHN HARRIS obtained from the proprietaries of Pennsylvania a grant of three hundred acres of land on the left bank of the Susquehanna River, and purchased five hundred acres more from the Indians.

This land was the site of Harrisburg, the capital of Pennsylvania.

In 1753 Harris's son was granted the right to build a ferry over the river; in 1784 the town was laid out, and then called Louisbourg; but in 1791 the name was changed to its present one, and in 1812 the seat of the state government was removed there from Lancaster.

1733.- MARYLAND issued ninety thousand pounds in bills of credit.

Each county was to have a thousand pounds to pay for public buildings. Three thousand pounds were to be devoted to the erection of a government house. A certain sum to be paid planters for the tobacco they burned, and the rest to be lent out at four per cent. interest, payable one third in 1748, and the rest in 1764, the interest forming a sinking fund for the redemption of the bills. They were made a legal tender for everything but proprietary and clergy dues.

1733.-THE parliament imposed a duty upon sugar, molasses, and rum imported into the colonies from the Dutch or French West Indies. The act to be limited to three years.

The act was intended to force the colonies to buy their supplies of these articles from the British West India Islands. The manufacture of rum had become an important industry in New England. Rhode Island protested against this act as "highly prejudicial to her charter," but the Commons refused to receive the petition on the ground that the bill was a money bill. New York petitioned the House of Lords, saying that it was only in the produce of the West Indies that their exports there could be paid for. The agent of New York, Partridge, wrote the Duke of Newcastle, in forwarding the petition, that "besides the injury the bill will be in itself, almost tantamount to a prohibition, it is divesting the colony of their rights as the king's natural-born subjects and Englishmen, in levying subsidies upon them against their consent, when they are annexed to no country in Great Britain, have no representatives in Parliament, nor are any part of the Legislature of this Kingdom." The general court of Massachusetts expressed itself also in opposition to the act. A great deal of molasses was imported, but very little duty was paid.

1734. THE city of New York made public provision for "The relief and setting on work of poor, needy persons, and idle vagabonds, and sturdy beggars, and others who frequently commit great depredations, and having lived idly become debauched and thievish."