new hopes, surrounded by a fresh, strong civilization, somewhat crude it is true, but virile and promising. For him this was not to be!

For months preceding the Commencement of 1859, Mr. Mann had been giving himself with the strength of his whole nature to the effort of adjusting the financial affairs of the institution. It was seen at last that assignment was the only course, and with tireless energy he labored to organize a new company of friends to take hold of the institution and carry it on after assignment. The earlier weeks of summer were spent in this way, and soon after Commencement he found himself prostrated with fever. It did not seem serious, but his health was failing. On the morning of the second of August, the physicians announced that he had but a few hours to live. With steady courage he called about him his students and friends, some forty in number, and gave to each one the caution or encouragement which he felt to be the special need of the hour. It was near sunset, and he was heard to say, faintly, "Now I bid you all goodnight!" . . The great heart ceased to beat Horace Mann was dead.

The whole community was stricken. One hundred of the students came from their summer homes to take a last look at the face of him whom they loved and honored. On the day of burial a great concourse of men and women came to pay the last sad tributes of respect and affection. A hymn was sung by the choir of the village church where he used to worship. Prayer was offered by Rev. H. I. Nye, and the Rev. Eli Fay spoke earnest and stirring words in testimony of Mr. Mann's great worth and the mighty work he had undertaken and carried forward in Ohio.

A year later his body was disinterred and removed to the Old North Burial ground, at Providence, R. I., and laid in eternal rest beside his first wife, the daughter of Dr. Messer, once President of Brown University.

But what are the tangible results of Horace Mann's work in Ohio? Like the influence of the sunlight as it plays on a thousand hills, or the dew as it blesses the varied landscape, these influences are hard to gather and to name. Horace Mann worked

out for Ohio, and for our great Middle West, some of the marvelous problems which have helped to make the Ordinance of 1787 more than a high-sounding phrase of campaign orators.. He taught such an interpretation of non-sectarianism as has been a blessing to the great people of our State and far away to the westward. He did much to fix the rank and standing of women

in co-educational institutions. But, most of all, he and his colleagues gave to Antioch, and to the wide territory since influenced by her, those ideals of scholarship, devotion to duty and interest in the public welfare, which, through his students and by his writings, have been wrought into schools from Ohio to California.

Altogether apart from Mr. Mann's visible work in the institution, may be found agencies which he set in operation, whose influence only eternity can measure. It was a great thing for the new West that a high standard of scholarship should be placed before her sons and daughters, and that a few of them, trained by "teachers with the discipline of West Point and the conscience of the Massachusetts Normal School," should be sent out into every corner of the State and ultimately to the farthest boundaries of the nation, with the sound scholarship and the love of truth that never failed.

Mr. Mann's reputation as a great apostle of education gave his opinions greater weight than those of almost any other man in the country. As a result, the most radical educational ideas were received from him with respect, and he carried forward the practical embodiment of co-education and non-sectarianism as few other educators could have done. He went into every corner of the State and into the great West, and by public addresses and personal contact kindled in the minds of thousands of the young people a devotion to truth and duty which, in their old age, still holds its inspiration.

But, with due allowance for all other things, Mr. Mann's greatest work in the West was done in Antioch and through Antioch. Many of his students have followed his ideals with a high devotion, and have made them living forces in education, particularly in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri and California. In the great work that Dr. Harris did in St. Louis none supported him more loyally and none contributed more largely in patience and faith, in enthusiasm and the vision of truth, than the Antioch trained men and women.

Horace Mann's life at Antioch was full of petty annoyances, grievous disappointment and heart sacrifices, but at the same. time it was rich in victory for the cause in which he labored. In those years he wrought mightily for the higher education and elevation of woman. He demonstrated that men and women can be educated together with profit to intellect and to morals. He gave an interpretation of non-sectarianism which was wholly new to the thought of his time. He showed that conduct and character are the central elements in the intellectual and moral

life. Greater than all, in those six years he stamped upon hundreds of young people such high ideals and touched them with such glowing inspiration that their influence was always to count mightily for the highest and best. Far and near he stimulated thousands of people to nobler thinking and higher living.

After his death friends carried on as best they might the work which he had undertaken. Willing hands were found and tender hearts and true, but the great master spirit was gone. The college has undergone many hardships, and its work at times. has suffered sorely, but still there are found signs of the old ideals and there breathes yet about its spacious halls something of the large devotion to truth, of the steady following of science, of the earnest love of learning, and, most of all, of that largeminded devotion to truth which has gone so far to make ours the land of free thought and of free speech. The spirit of the real Antioch could never be kept within bounds. It must have a field proportionate to the high ideals and the broad range of its interests.

"The real Antioch promptly slipped the fetters of the little Ohio town. It took possession of great hearts in great communities, backed by great commonwealths. A non-sectarian, coeducational, co-racial war-cry became the bugle notes that gave success to Ann Arbor, Cornell and the long line of State Universities that have come to be in the Western States since Antioch was born. Whatever becomes of the Yellow Springs Antioch, the Antioch of Horace Mann is one of the greatest educational successes of the century.”*

* Rev. Jenkin Lloyd Jones, in New Unity.

HOMES OF THE MOUND BUILDERS.

WILLIAM JACKSON ARMSTRONG.

[Col. W. J. Armstrong was inspector of the United States consulates under the administrations of President Grant. He is the author of "Siberia and the Nihilists," "The Heroes of Defeat," etc. EDITOR.]

The Mound Builder is still a mystery. His story has not been told. He is not yet intelligibly tangent to any known race. He is not only prehistoric, but unconnected. His clues are shy and evasive, lacking the thread of either written speech or hieroglyphic memorials. His silence is impressive. He is the Pelasgian of the Western World, without articulate voice to reach his successors. On the Latin theory, omne ignotum pro magnifico, he tends in popular fancy to enlargement and idealization. Something, however, is being concretely, if slowly, learned of him. For a century or more he has been studied empirically and superficially in these western valleys along the great Mississippi basin. Generations of the early modern settlers here, the pioneers of the woods, and their successors, the cultivators of the soil, looked with inquiring wonder on his huge traces, his burial tumuli, his gigantic earth-works, his implements of flint and diorite. Then they gave him up as an unresolved and impossible problem. They had dimly heard, however, that he was an "Aztec," or "Toltec," or possibly a Tartar. And learned investigation has not proceeded much further. The scholar is still a fumbling sciolist, dealing with the now mute inhabitant, who, in the twilight centuries, settled down here amid the mysterious forests. Or, who knows, he may have been, like the forest themselves, autochthonOus - the Adam and Eve of the occident?

But, as has been intimated, some progress has been made in the knowledge of this misty and elusive denizen of the early wilds. The unearthing and inspection of his remains in recent years having thrown new light upon his habits and customs, possibly, his grade in civilization. As is fitting, in the region where