us by the name of Greece, was in the number of thofe places that were vifited by the Phoenician merchants. In one of thefe voyages, after they had expofed their commodities to fale with much fuccefs for five or fix days, and already prepared to return homewards, a number of women came to the fhore, among whom was the daughter of Inachus, king of the country, called lo by Perfian as well as Grecian hiftorians. These females had fcarcely approached the fhip, defirous of purchafing what most pleased their tafte, when the Phoenicians, animating each other, rushed upon them, and violently feized their perfons: the greatest part efcaped from the hands of the ravishers; yet Io was in the number of the captives, and she faw herself immediately torn from her country, and carried towards the Egyptian coafts.

II. This account of the rape of the daughter of Inachus, in which may be traced the origin of national enmity, though fupported by Perfian hiftory, is refuted by the records of Greece. Some time after this, as the Perfians relate, a number of Greeks, with whole name and country they declare themselves unacquainted, though they were fufpected to be inhabitants of Crete, committed depradations on the coaft of Tyre, in Phoenicia, and carried away Europa, the daughter of the monarch of the country. This act of violence was confidered as a just retaliation; but if the Phoenicians were cenfured as the perpetrators of the first injury, the Greeks, according to the Perfian hiftorians, gave fresh causes of complaint, and were guilty of the fecond provocation. They failed in a long fhip to Ea, a town of Colchis, fituated on the Phafis; and after they had fettled the affairs which were the immediate object of their voyage, they laid violent hands on Medea, the monarch's daughter, and carried her away. The infult was refented: an ambafiador was immediately difpatched into Greece; and the king of Colchis not only infifted on the reftitution of his daughter, but likewife on the punishment of her ravifhers. The application was treated with difdain; and the Greeks anfwered, that as no reparation had been made for the violence offered to Io, fo the king of Colchis could not in juftice expect a different treatment.

III. Thefe acts of rapacity, committed with impunity, induced Alexander, the fon of Priam, two generations after, to procure hinfelf a wife from among the Grecian women; and therefore, shielded by the plea of precedence, he carried away the celebrated Helen. An embatly from the Greeks, to recover Helen, and to demand the punishment of Alexander, was the confequence of this rape; but the cold treatment which the fervants of the king of Colchis had met in Greece, was repeated at the court of Prism, and the Trojans reprimanded the Greeks for urging claims for Helen, which they had rejected when advanced in favour of Medea.'

The freedom, the cafe, and the flowing elegance of Mr.

Lempriere's

Lempriere's tranflation are immediately confpicuous. The first great question which occurs is, whether the manner of a writer, if it can be transfufed, in the verfion of his language, is worth preferving? The generality of our tranflators certainly think this an object of little confequence, for they feldom attend to it. In our opinion, however, it is of the utmost importance, and particularly as, in critical remarks, publifhed in our own language, the styles of ancient authors is generally mentioned, either with commendation, or as example. We own too, that the fimple dignity of the Father of History is in our eyes fo attractive, that we fee with fome regret ornaments unfuitable, and unnatural.

2

It will be obvious alfo, from a very flight attention, that to a flowing period, accuracy is in fome degree facrificed. The first line is not a fair reprefentation of the modest proemium: nothing is faid of publication, or of research. The object of this hiftorical attempt of Herodotus is, &c.' are the literal words. Circumftantially to investigate,' was neither the defign, nor is it the language of Herodotus.-Again, the language of Mr. Lempriere would lead the unlearned reader to think, that the Perfian hiftory, and the Perfian records, were as familiarly known as the hiftory of the Tudors, or the Stuarts. At that period, it is highly probable, there were no Perfian manuscripts: it is certain that Herodotus was unacquainted with them, for his Perfian names always terminate. most improperly in s. Would the English reader fuppofe, that, in the first and second section, if we allow λoyolol HɛgO, the learned Perfians, instead of you Пego-Perfian reports, the Perfians are mentioned twice only, and then with the words are foot and heyovo-they fay'-that, in at least three paffages in these two fections, Perfian records, and Perfian hiftory, are introduced without any authority? Surely, in thefe inftances, elegant language is too dearly purchafed. In fubfequent paffages, the Perfians fay,' deny,' confefs,'. remark; but, in no inftance, is a fingle record, a single hiftorian, a fingle authority, mentioned.

In fact, we think the flowing verfion of Mr. Lempriere more pleafing than the more fimple and concife periods of Mr. Beloe; but to this are facrificed the manner of Herodotus, and, in many inftances, minute accuracy. From a comparifon of different parts, we find no eflential errors, no very important mifreprefentations.-The faults are thofe which we have pointed out; and the reader, that can pardon them, will receive pleasure and information from the work.As our article has been delayed, we expected to have heard of the fubfequent volumes; but they have not yet, we believe, appeared. When they are publifhed, with the copious notes and

illuftrations

illuftrations our tranflator has promifed, we shall return to the fubject, and examine the tranflation with more minute

accuracy.

A Sermon preached before the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in the Abbey Church of St. Peter, Veftminster, on Thursday, January 30, 1794, being the Anniver fary of the Martyrdom of King Charles the First. By Edward, Lord Bishop of Carlife. 4to. Is. Faulder. 1794.

T

RITE as this fubject is in itself, there is fufficient novelty in his lordship's manner of treating it, to intereft a leis accommodating audience *. In tracing the origin of the evils that led to the unhappy catastrophe of the day, the right rev. preacher afferts,

It is not to be denied, that in that unhappy period, the causes of alarm to the nation were many and well grounded: that the encroachments of the prerogative had been, in many particulars, fuch as it was right and neceffary to oppofe and to reprefs: ftill lefs is it to be denied, that many who first oppofed thefe encroachments were real lovers of their country, and grave, confcientious, and thinking men, feeking for that redrefs only, and thofe remedies which might be attained by means already known and authorised, and by the power of law.'

And though it be truly added by his lordship,

But there were others who acted on very different ideas; who from the beginning infinuated, and in no long time were bold enough openly to declare, that the means of redrefs already known and au thorifed were feeble and infufficient: that new expedients must be found, and new powers affumed: and that the conftitution, inadequate, as it was faid, to fecure the liberty of the fubject, muft be modelled and formed anew :'

The confequence thence most obvious is unfortunately overlooked. For what is it but this: that if thofe intrufted with the conftitutional powers of government abufe and pervert them, they are not only chargeable with the guilt of their own misconduct, but alfo with the mifchiefs that may enfue from the interference of fuch as maintain that the known and authorised means of redrefs being feeble and infufficient, new expedients must be found, and the conftitution new-modelled. Much then as we have to deprecate from the agents to be in

* Whoever be the preacher, or whatever the doctrine, we believe it is the invariable practice of the house of lord, to vote thanks for the fermons preached before it.

troduced

troduced for this purpofe, which his lordship moft justly styles of all others the most terrible,--the passions and the unbridled will of the multitude at large;' yet they who, in the first inftance, fupercede the conftitution, are certainly the inftigators of them. But, though from his lordship's premifes we have looked in vain for that pertinent and momentous warning to thofe invested with the executive power; we have, however, its counterpart, and very properly applied.

Would to God that thefe reflections might be permitted to stop here! would to God, that we had no examples to refer to, but those which have had place among ourfelves! There is no pleature to a generous mind, in dwelling upon the calamities of others. But it is not poffible, when the providence of God hath permitted an example to arife more striking still and more terrible than our own-it is not poffible that we fhould clofe our eyes against it: it would not even be right that we fhould attempt to do fo.-"When the judgments of God, faith the Prophet, are in the earth, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteoufnefs." And if the miseries which our fathers were doomed to fuffer have not yet been fufficient to teach us righteoufnefs and wifdom, let us, at leaft, learn thofe leffons from the ftill more dreadful miferies of our neighbours.

6

Only let there be no attempt to practise deceit and impofition upon ourfeives. It will then be our first wifdon; to fee and to acknowledge, that the foundations of the calamity have in both cafes a near refemblance to each other. In both cafes, there were real grievances to be complained of: in both cafes, there was a hafty fubverfion of the established government, before men were at all agreed, as to that which should be fubftituted in its ftead; and in both cafes alfo, there was a want of that prudence, which might have calculated before-hand the force of thofe new powers which were about to be created and fet in motion, when the multitude fhould be once emancipated from the control to which it had been before accuftomed.'

In reference to the calamities that defolate France, as ori ginating from the caufes before pointed out, his lordship concludes with fentiments, far diflerent, indeed, from thofe which had recently been founded upon the fame occafion and from the fame pulpit; but which, nevertheless, most perfectly accord with the beit feelings of a man and a Christian.

• Miferable and afflicted people! - For ourselves, let us bow before our God with humility and fear: let us thank Him, that we of this nation were once recovered from the wanderings of our hearts, and beg devoutly, that he would never punish us by a renewal of thofe delufions, or fuffer us to be again fo tempted. For them,though in their fury they have, indeed, attempted to kindle among us alfo thofe flames of difcord which have confumed their land, and

to involve us in the fame guilt and mifery with themselves-yet even fo, even whilst we are compelled, in defence of all that is dear and precious to us, to 'unfheath the fword, and to feek for our fecurity in war, because in war only it could be found,-still let them know, that the religion which they have rejected, and the Saviour whom they have defied, have taught us even now to pray for their happinefs and peace.'

Works of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin: confifting of his Life, written by Him/elf, together with Effays, 'Humorous, Moral, and Literary, chicly in the Manner of the Spectator. (Concluded from Vol. VIII. New. Arr. p. 369.)

UPON whatever topic Dr. Franklin employed his pen, he had always the art of rendering it interefting; and, at the fame time it is but juftice to add, that he generally chofe the moft ufeful and important fubjects. The fecond volume of this publication, therefore, contains an excellent and inftructive collection of effays, which may be entitled the moral works of Dr. Franklin.

From effays fo generally excellent, there is little room for felection.-We fhall, however, prefent our readers with two fpecimens.

NECESSARY HINTS TO THOSE THAT WOULD BE RICH. Written Anno 1736.

"The ufe of money is all the advantage there is in having money. For fix pounds a year you may have the use of one hundred pounds, provided you are a man of known prudence and honesty. He that spends a groat a day idly, fpends idly above fix pounds a year, which is the price for the ufe of one hundred pounds.

He that waftes idly a groat's worth of his time per day, one day with another, waftes the privilege of ufing one hundred pounds each day.

He that idly lofes five fhillings worth of time, lofes five fhillings, and might as prudently throw five fhillings into the fea.

'He that lofes five fhillings, not only lofes that fum, but all the advantage that might be made by turning it in dealing, which, by the time that a young man becomes old, will amount to a conûder able fum of money.

Again: he that fells upon credit, afks a price for what he fells, equivalent to the principal and intereft of his money for the time he is to be kept out of it; therefore, he that buys upon credit, pays intereft for what he buys; and he that pays ready money, might let that money out to ufe: fo that he that poffeffes any thing he has bought, pays intereft for the use of it.

Yet, in buying goods, it is beft to pay ready money, becaufe, C. R. N. ARR. (XI.) dug. 1794,

Hh