sented a sleepy look, and when he was led from his box, I noticed lameness of the nigh hind leg. I called the attendant's attention to the fact, but was assured that the horse always came out stiff on that leg after a night's rest. Not having arrived at any certain diagnosis, I concluded to treat the animal symptomatically, and continued the administration of the aconite. On Saturday morning I saw the patient again, and found him standing in his box; learned from the attendant that he had been quiet all the previous day, had eaten a few carrots and drank freely of cold water. When he was brought out of his box I noticed that it required the greatest exertion on his part to move his limbs, and at every step he groaned with pain. He moved with a sort of a hop and catch, similar to a horse suffering from acute laminitis of the hind feet. All the joints were swollen, hot, and very sensitive to the touch. The feet were no warmer than usual, and there was no throbbing of the plantar arteries. Temp., 104; respirations and pulse, when at rest, less frequent than the morning previous. DIAGNOSIS : Acute Articular Rheumatism.-A cathartic pill was given, and sodium salicylate in three drachm doses ordered in his drinking-water every four hours. Dry bed and warm clothing recommended. At 5 P. M. same day I was called to see the patient again, and found that all the symptoms of nervous excitement of Thursday afternoon had returned, in a more aggravated form. The poor brute was standing in a corner of his stall, unable to move a limb, bathed in perspiration, head and tail elevated, pupils dilated, and on hearing the voice of his attendant he turned his head and neighed. The swelling of the joints had somewhat subsided, but they still remained very painful to the touch. Administered-R., potassa bromrid. oz.; extr. bellad. 1 drm. per mouth; two grs. of sulph. of morphia subcutaneously, and ordered the salicylate of sodium powders continued. On Sunday morning found the patient down; resp., 55; pulse, 100, and less forcible; temp, 104; sweating freely. On being urged and stimulated by the use of the whip, he leaped upon his feet, trembled violently, and for several minutes seemed almost unable to keep up, lifting his feet alternately, and showed symptoms of great pain. I evacuated his rectum and bladder; fæces apparently normal, urine remarkably clear and light in color, considering the high fever he had been suffering from. Administered more morphine hypodermically, and ordered the salicylate of soda . continued. In about fifteen minutes he threw himself down, almost without bending a joint. He remained down until I saw him again at 7 P. M., when we again succeeded in getting him up. Pulse, 120, hardly perceptible; respiration, 80; temp., 104. He trembled, and showed signs of increased agony. In five minutes he threw himself down in the same manner as he had done in the morning; more morphine was injected, and sod. salicylate ordered continued. Attendant left stables at 10 P. M. -on Sunday night, and found him dead the next morning. On Monday afternoon Drs. Houseman, Mustoe and myself made a post-mortem examination, and the following pathological changes were detected: Left kidney slightly congested; signs of hyperaemia in different portions of the large intestines; small intestines, stomach, spleen and pancreas apparently healthy; liver in parts degenerated. The diaphragm was next removed, and the trachea, oesophagus, and large bloodvessels being severed, the lungs and heart were removed intact. The bases of both lungs were very much congested; about 20 fluid ounces of port-wine-colored fluid was found in the pericardial cavity. The pericardium showed signs of recent inflammation; the left ventricle appeared somewhat larger than usual; the endocardium, the valves and chordae-tendinæ, all showed well marked signs of inflammation, being streaked with extravasations, and opaque or dull. The left ventricle was empty, right ventricle contained a small clot of coagulated blood. Owing to lack of time, especially on the part of the gentlemen with me, the autopsy was discontinued at this stage. Neither the joints nor the central nervous organs were examined. The non-examination of the latter I particularly regret, as I had reason to suspect what authors designate as a rheumatic metastasis to the meninges to have taken place at one period of the animal's illness. 75 ADAMS STReet, Brooklyn, N. Y. II.-AN INSTANCE OF HALLUCINATION IN A FOWL. By E. C. SEGUÍN, M. D. In the autumn of 1868, while serving as Post Surgeon at Fort Craig, in the territory of New Mexico, I was a witness to the following remarkable example of hallucination and delusion in an animal: The animal was a young chicken, one perhaps three or four months old. A hen had been killed on the morning of the same day, and her head, with a short piece of bloody neck, lay in the court behind our mess quarters. I saw the chicken run up to this lifeless hen, seize its comb in his beak and make unmistakable attempts to "mount." He made frantic efforts to copulate with the lingering body of the hen, which in his fury he was shaking wildly about, over quite a part of the yard. At the same time appropriate movements of his hinder parts were made, just as if he were having connection with an actual hen. The struggle continued for many minutes, apparently much to the fatigue of the young cock. I then drew two conclusions from the event, which I still think correct, though I am glad to submit them to those who know more than I do of animal psychology. 1. There was hallucination and delusion. The chicken fancied that he saw and felt a real objective hen, and he accepted the illusion as real; there was no correction by judgment. 2. The chicken was under the influence of strong sexual excitement; a state, perhaps, corresponding to what is called satyriasis in man. III-MULTIPLE RENAL ABSCESSES IN A COW. BY CHAS. A. MEYER, D. V. S. CONSULTING SURGEON TO COLUMBIA VETERINARY COLLEGE, HOSPITAL Dept. On December 12, 1879, I was called to see a blooded cow, Alderny, a four-year old, which had given birth to the second calf some weeks previous to my seeing her. The history of the case was as follows: After she had given birth to her first calf she was taken with what the groom said was paralysis. A "cow doctor" was called in, who treated for such, and who applied turpentine to the loins. She never improved, and through his directions was taken to bull, and after the second parturition the following symptoms were presented to me : Very much emaciated; no desire for food; was not able to suckle calf, which was fed by hand; she gave about a quart of milk per diem, which was of a greenish-yellow color, thick, and had a bitter taste; had a stiff gait in posterior extremities, and no desire to move about; the tail had lost its power, the urine dribbled away constantly when she was compelled to move, and was thick and ichor-like; there was evidently paralysis of the sphinxter vesicae, due to some organic disease; the temperature was 102 3-5; the respirations were somewhat increased. My diagnosis was suppurative nephritis, and I recommended the owner to have the animal destroyed. The owner valued the cow highly, and told me she had presented the above symptoms for the past eight months, and wished her to be treated. I had her sent to an infirmary, but gave no medicine; about a week afterwards she suddenly fell dead after having eaten a little green fodder. The writer, desiring a post-mortem, was immediately informed of her death by the owner, the latter himself being anxious for one. Post-mortem forty-five minutes after death. On opening the abdomen, no blood seemed to flow; the lungs were of a healthy appearance, except a small patch of the right lobe, which was emphysematous. The ventricles firmly contracted; the left auricle and ventricle contained a fibrinous clot, almost white and gelatinous; on opening the aorta, I found the same fibrinous clot, which, on being drawn out, presented a beautiful cast of the aorta and its branches. This clot was proof of prolonged mortal agony. The liver, spleen, and digestive organs presented a healthy appearance; the kidneys were covered with a dirty, yellowish, infiltrated fat, presenting ecchymoses, near and around the suprarenal capsules. This adipose tissue I removed, and I found a pale appearance of the kidney; it was almost white, hard and heavy; in cutting through the organ, my knife grated as though cutting through sand, and I was almost compelled to use a saw. The section, when cut, showed an abscess in each lobule of the kidney, whose openings entered the pelvis of the kidney; each abscess was encased by about an inch of this hard, gritty sub stance, which tapered gradully towards the pelvis; both kidneys presented the same appearance; the bladder was thickened and contracted, the mucous membrame showed an ichorous, slimy appearance. The kidneys were unfortunately thrown away through misunderstanding, and therefore I was not able to make a microscopic examination, as I had intended. IV.--INTERESTING MANNER OF EXTENSION OF RINGWORM (TRICOPHYTON TONSURANS). BY CHAS. A. MEYER, D. V. S. In October, 1879, I was asked to look at a horse with skin disease; one which had been lately purchased, but whose skin had broken out in round and scaly patches; the patches were one quarter to one half inch in diameter. My diagnosis was ringworm, and I placed the animal under treatment; in a few days other cases were shown me, and in a little over a week twenty three horses were affected; they were saddle horses, and the disease baffled me for a while. I used the various mercurial preparations; gave sun baths; but there was very little change for the better. I put the horses under an alkaline treatment, both externally and internally, but of no avail; my patches would continue to form, the hairs break off, and the patches were covered with a thick scurf. I then had the stable disinfected, harness and blankets washed and hung in the sun. I then used a preparation of carbolic acid one part to four parts glycerine, with directions to have the horses washed with soap and warm water, and when dry to touch the parts affected twice per day with the above mixture. On the other cases I used crude petroleum. In a few days I had a change for the better; on those where carbolic acid and glycerine were used the cases recovered in from nine to fourteen days; on those where I used crude petroleum they recovered in from four to seven days. When I saw that the disease was under control I had the saddles re-lined and the trappings touched with a strong solution of carbolic acid; in six weeks the disease was entirely eradicated. I would state that care should be used in employing the petroleum, as when applied to too large a surface it acts like a vesicant. Only the affected spots need to be saturated with the oil. One groom, disregarding his instructions, used it over a large surface, and the hairs all came out, although a new growth of hair took place. My experiments shows that petrolenm is the most efficient parasiticide for Tinea tonsurans, and makes a quicker cure. The parts of the body most affected were the face, neck, shoulders and back. Strange to say, either only the left side of the twenty-three horses was affected, or, where both sides were affected, the left showed the disease most intensely. This phenomenon I attributed to the fact that the horse first affected stood near the entry, and that a current of air, in carrying the germs, deposited them chiefly or exclusively on the most exposed side of the animals. ANATOMICAL NOTES. 3. REMARKABLE GLANDS ON THE SIDE OF THE DOG'S AORTA.-Young dogs possess either singly on one, or doubly on both sides of the assending aorta, brownish glandular substances of the same structure as the thyroid gland, and as large as a lentil. They were found muchex ceeding these dimensions in a dog afflicted with goitre. They have been found four times out of ten in the new-born human being. From their structure, and their evident sympathy (pathologically established) with the thyroid gland, they merit the designation of aortic thyroid glands.—Centralblatt fuer Chirurgie, 1879. No. 36. 4. A LINE OF DEMARCATION BETWEEN THE SAUROPSIDA AND MAMMALIA ABOL- · ISHED. The dictum that the Mammalia alone possess Corpora Quadrigemina, and that their four tubercles are represented by only two bodies in reptiles (Huxley, Claus, Gegenbaur), is erroneous. The posterior pair was found, as a concealed lentiform ganglion in the region intervening between the optic lobes (corpora bigemina) and the cerebellum, in turtles and other ordinary reptiles examined. A distinct elevation visible on the surface is noticeable in the sheltopusik (pseudopus) and anaconda (eunectes), but in no reptile so beautifully marked as in the iguana, where, though smaller, they are as distinct as in any mammal. It is to defective dissection that the oversight of this important relation, which has led to the erroneous inference mentioned, is due.-N. Y. Medical Record, March. 5. THE BRAIN OF THE IGUANA.-A more extended study of this brain, preliminary to a thorough microscopical analysis, demonstrates the following noteworthy features: The anterior pair of the corpora quadrigemina is very large, and at the basilar surface there seems to be a distinct corpus geniculatum (externum) in the shape of a tubercular elevation of the optic tract. The posterior pair is covered by the antiflected cerebellum, which, on its ventricular face, is raised into two symmetrical prominences by the posterior pair. The trochlearis, or fourth pair, is given off behind this posterior pair. A distinct nerve tract appears to enter the anterior pair from the medulla, by the side of the posterior pair; this is perhaps analagous to the lemniscus superior of mammals. The pedicles of the olfactory bulb are very thin, as in the alligator. The immense size of the optic lobes makes the hemispheres appear proportionately small, though, in reality, they exceed those of the alligator, relatively. No other animal, not excluding birds, has such large optic lobes to my knowledge. E. C. SPITKZA, M. D. 6. THE BRAIN OF THE PTEROPUS.—I have obtained the brains from five specimens of the large fruit-bat, or "flying fox" of New Zealand. Two features are re |