10. Write the second person, singular number, and the third person, singular number, of the present tense

1. Tell of what tense, number, and person, each of these

verb chosen is of the correct form:

in the forests in June.

Wild flowers

3. Turn to Lesson in your Reader, and give the tense, number, and person of each verb used.

4. Copy ten verbs, and tell: (a) what each expresses, (b) what kind of verb it is, (e) what its two tense forms are, (d) whether it is regular or irregular, (e) how it is conjugated.

LESSON XVII.

MORE ABOUT VERB PHRASES.

I. Kinds of Verb Phrases.

A verb phrase may be

(a) transitive; thus, am striking the table, was seeking the lost sheep, had been admiring this picture, should have been watching the clock.

(b) complete; thus, the lion was roaring, we had been listening, they should have been waiting.

(c) copulative; thus, I will be faithful, he may have been a traitor.

1. Write five sentences, and use in each a transitive verb phrase.

2. Use in each of five sentences a verb phrase that may stand alone as a predicate.

3. Write five sentences, and use in each a copula made up of two, or more, words.

II. Participles.

1. What is a verbal word? Write five sentences, and use a verbal word in each.

2. Tell from what verb each of these verbal words is de

rived:-
walking,
forgotten,

running,

resting, being, remembered, seeming, been.

3. What may a verbal word express?

A verbal word may express action, existence, or condition; thus,

running,

being,

written, rested.

1. How may a verbal word be used?

A verbal word may be used as a noun, as an adjective, or as the complement of a verb which does not express action; thus,

Marching and counter-marching exhausted the army before a single battle was fought. Enchanting music filled the air.

The withered leaves lie dead.

The winds are wailing through the echoing woods.

5. Mention every verbal noun or verbal adjective in these sentences:

Leveling forests, draining swamps, and exterminating mischievous animals, are the first labors of the pioneer.

He was playing on a banjo.

Walking before breakfast gives one an appetite.
She gave one long, lingering look at her old home;
then turned her back upon these scenes forever.
Albert was mailing his letters.

He was educated at Cambridge, England.

6. Mention every verbal word used in the foregoing sentences to complete a copulative verb.

XL. A verbal word that is used to complete a copulative verb is called a participle.

A participle is so called because it participates (or shares) in the nature of the verb and in the work of the adjective.

A participle, like a verb, may express action, existence, or condition (thus, being, doing, seemed), may denote time (thus, breaking, broken, writing, written), or may take an object after it (thus, writing letters, making plans).

Like an adjective, a participle is used to complete a copulative verb and tell us something about the person, or thing, represented by the subject; thus,

7. What is a participle?

8. Why is a participle so called?

9. In what three ways is a participle like a verb? 10. In what is a participle like an adjective?

EXERCISE 1.

1. Of what use is a participle?

A participle completes a verb, and helps to form a verb phrase.

2. Read from the following sentences every verb phrase made of a copulative verb and a participle:

up

Two men are crossing the bridge.

They were living at Long Branch that summer.
He is working patiently.

I was standing at the door when the bell rang.

The ringing of the bells and the roaring of cannon

are deafening.

We were disappointed. She was discouraged.

3. Write ten sentences, and use a participle in each.

CAUTION. A participle does not assert, and should never be used in a sentence without is, are, was, were, has, have, had, or some word that asserts; thus,—

III. Present and Past Participles.

1. Tell which of these words express present time, and

XLI. A participle that expresses present time is

a present participle. A participle that expresses past time is a past participle.

2. Tell which of these are present participles, and from what verb each is derived: :

singing, hoeing, shoeing,

marking, looking.

3. How is the present participle formed?

The present participle is formed by adding ing to the present tense of the verb; thus, come, coming; ring, ringing; forget, forgetting.

4. Write the present participle of do, love, see, hand, go, find, get, fall, singe, knit.