XV. The possessive case of a noun or a pronoun is used to limit the application of another noun, and is an adjective.
XVI. An adverb belongs to the word that it modifies.
XVII. Prepositions govern the objective case.
[The references are to pages.]
A or an, article, 66. Abbreviations, table of, 390-392; used in writing exercises, 43, 49, 64, 71, 86.
Abstract, meaning of, 107 (note). Abstract nouns, 106, 107. Action words, 44-46. Adjective, from adjectivus, 63 (note). Adjectives, definition, 63; diminutives,
168; numeral, 158, 160; possessive, 158, 162; pronominal, 158, 161, 162; proper, 69, 158, 162; qualifying, 158-160; list of qualifying, 303, 304; verbal, 158, 161; comparison, 165, 166; impossible to compare some, 167; irregular com- parison, 167; use same form of comparison in a series, 291; use of comparative degree, 289; avoid doubling the form of comparison, 291;
use of adjectives, 284-302; to assert or to complete a copulative, 64, 286; belongs to word it modifies, 288; denoting number must agree with noun it limits, 289; position of, 286, 287, 290; cautions against errors, 289-291; cannot modify an- other adjective, 290;
used as noun, 266; as adverb, 338; words and combinations used as adjectives, 295-301; parsing of ad- jectives, 288.
Adjective clause becomes noun clause when antecedent is omitted, 369. Adjective element, 351.
Adverbs, definition, 73; adverbs of time, place, manner, degree, and modal adverbs, 208; comparison of, 313, 314; irregular comparison, 213;
used to ask a question, 366; to com- plete a copulative verb, 366; modi- fies a verb, adjective, etc., 336; belongs to word it modifies, 338; position of, 340, 341; must not be used with verb expressing condi- tion, 289; avoid superfluous ad- verbs, 341; further cautions, 210, 214, 341, 342;
used as adjective, 295; as noun, 266; as subordinate conjunction, 372, 373; words and combinations used as adverbs, 338, 339; parsing of adverbs, 343.
Adverbial element, 351. Adverbial phrase, 209. Adversative conjunction, 216; shows what, 241.
Alone and only, use of, 342. Alternative conjunction, 216; shows what, 241.
And, wrongly used before infinitive, 82, 330.
Antecedent, from ante and cedo, 277 (note).
Antecedent, definition, 277; of relative
pronoun, 363; modified by adjec- tive clause, 363; may be a phrase or clause, 369; rules for pronouns with antecedents, 277-280. Any, use of, 291.
Apostrophe, used in forming plurals, 116.
Article, definite and indefinite, 66, 67; repeated to distinguish meaning, 290.
As, used in comparison, 342.
As, relative pronoun, 363.
| Comparison of adjectives, 165–170; of adverbs, 213, 214; rules for writ- ing, 166; adjectives compared ir- regularly, 167.
Comparison, descriptive, of objects, 309.
Comparison with, 354.
Complement of verb, 51, 52, 145, 174.
Auxiliary verbs, 316-320; definition, Complete and incomplete verbs, 50-
Baby By, here's a Fly, 41.
Be, verb to be, used to show continu- ance, 318; not always an auxiliary, 320; conjugation illustrated, 188, 244, 245, 313.
Biography, brief outline of, 335. Birds' Party, The, 25.
Can, present and preterit tenses of, 189; used to express ability or possibil- ity, 317.
Capitals and marks, rules for use of,
6-8, 11, 31, 33, 34, 69, 94, 95, 219. Case, definition, 146; dative, 251; nom- inative, 146, 147; nominative ab- solute, 262; objective, 147; posses- sive, 147; vocative, 258, 259. Cepi, to take, spelling of words derived from, 60.
Christ and the Little Ones, 31. City, outline for description, 308. Clause, 232, 376; dependent and inde- pendent, 376, 377; subjunctive, 312; used as adjective, 295; as adverb, 338; as noun, 272; as subject of sentence, 232; position of, 299, 368; punctuation of, 299; verb must agree in tense with principal verb in sentence; exception, 330. Collective nouns, 105, 106; used as sub- ject of verb, 240.
Compounds formed from who, which
Compound words, plural of, 116. Conjugation, 181-191; of regular verb, 187, 314; of irregular verb, 187, 313. Conjunctions, definition, 86; adversa- tive, alternative, copulative, and causal, 216; coördinate and sub- ordinate, 358, 359; distinguished from prepositions, 86; not inflect- ed, 214; uses, 356, 357; list of con- junctions used together, 87, 88; list of conjunctions used to intro- duce verb in subjunctive, 316; avoid superfluous conjunctions, 359; parsing of conjunctions, 361. Connectives, 349, 351.
Contractions, 57; list of, 225. Coördinate, meaning of, 358 (note). Copula, may consist of two or more
words, 176; negative copula, 337. Copulative conjunction, 216; shows what, 240. Copulative verb, definition, 175; fol-
lowed by nominative case, 243, 333.
Dative, from dare, to give, 251 (note). Dative case, 250, 251.
Declarative sentence, definition, 6, 10; punctuation of, 6, 11; subject of, 231, 232.
Comma, rules for use of, 250, 292, 299, Declension, 148-156; definition, 148;
301 (note), 348, 349, 392, 393. Command, a form of sentence, 2. Common noun, 30.
Comparative degree used when but
two objects are compared, 165, 289.
declension of noun, 148; of pro- nouns, 149. Definite article, 66. Definitions, 393, 394.
Degrees of comparison, see comparison.
Demonstratives, 126; used as adjec- Im, prefix, 68.
tives, 128, 131.
Dependent clause, 376.
Derivative words, 387.
Description, rules for writing, 307. Different from, 354.
Diminutives, 108, 168.
Diphthong, definition, 385; improper, 385.
Do, used to give emphasis, 317; not always an auxiliary, 320; present and preterit tenses, 190.
Each other, use of, 291. Either, use of, 291. Elements of sentence, 349, 350; may be
words, phrases, or clauses, 350-351. Elephant, outline for description, 308. Equally, use of, 341.
Exclamation, a form of sentence, 2; punctuation of, 8.
Exclamation not a part of speech, 91. Exclamation point, 8, 11, 92.
Fox and the Raven, The, 9. Fox and the Stork, The, 3.
Gender of nouns, 109-111; masculine and feminine, 109; of pronouns, 132-136; masculine, feminine, and neuter, 132, 133.
Give, verb to give, present and pret- erit tenses of, 187. Got, proper use of, 330.
Grammar Land, reference, 96 (note).
Had, wrongly used, 330.
Have, had, used to show completion, 318; not always an auxiliary, 320. Have, verb to have, present and pret- erit tenses of, 190.
He, his, or him used for singular noun of indeterminate gender, 278. Hence, thence, whence, use of, 341. Her, hers, use and parsing of, 294, 295.
Imperative sentence, definition, 7, 11; punctuation, 7, 11; subject of,
232. In, prefix, 68.
Indefinite article, 66.
Indefinite pronouns, 128, 131; may be used as adjectives, 157. Independent clause, 377. Indicative, from dicare, 311 (note). Indicative mode, 311.
Infinitive, definition, 267; has no mode,
315; may take an object, 268; may be modified by an adverb, 268; not inflected and does not assert, 268; present infinitive used after verb in past tense, 330;
used as adjective, 295; as adverb, 339; as noun, 268.
Inflection, definition, 148; called com- parison, 166; called conjugation, 187; called declension, 148. Inquiry, a kind of sentence, 2. Interjection, from inter and jacere, 91 (note).
Interjection, 91-94; definition, 91; punc- tuation, 92.
Interrogation point, 6, 11. Interrogative pronouns, 127; must be of same case as noun represented, 282; used as adjectives, 128. Interrogative sentence, definition, 6, 11; punctuation, 6, 11; direct and indirect questions, 233, 234; sub- ject of interrogative sentence, 234.
Intransitive verbs, 173.
Irregular verbs, 180; lists of, 181, 182. Italics, rules for use of, 220.
Leader of a phrase, 351.
Letters of introduction, rules for, 257- 258.
Letters of recommendation, 64. Like, incorrectly used for as, 342.
If, does not necessarily imply subjune- Love, verb to love, conjugation illus-
Many, used with noun of singular
Masculine and feminine pronouns used
to represent objects without sex, 134.
Material nouns, 104.
May, present and preterit tenses of, 190; used to express liberty or liability, 317.
Modal adverbs, 208.
Mode, or mood, from Latin word for manner, 310 (note).
Mode, 310-316; definition, 310; mode of verb, 311; indicative, impera- tive, and subjunctive, 311. More and most, to be avoided before comparative and superlative de- gree, 291.
Must, expresses obligation or neces- sity, 317; not inflected and has no past tense, 319.
My, mine, use and parsing of, 294, 295.
dative case, 251; in possessive case, 147; in vocative case, 258; inde- pendent in construction, 259, 260, 262;
used as an adjective, 157, 292, 293; to identify a person or thing, 247; as object of transitive verb or verb- phrase, 147, 242; of verbal word, 145, 147, 243; as subject of verb, 142, 145, 242; to show to whom or for whom, 251; with modifiers, as adverb, 262; as subject of sentence, 231; united by conjunctions as sub- ject of sentence, 231; noun not inflected for person, 142; object of preposition understood, 254; nouns ending in eption, 61; plural of nouns from foreign languages, 118; nouns without plurals, 115; words and combinations used as nouns, 266-268; nouns and verbs spelled alike but differently ac- cented, 225; parsing of noun, 270.
Negatives, two equal an affirmative, Noun clause, 369. 214.
Neither, use of, 291; neither, nor, 359.
Neuter, meaning of, 133 (note). Neuter gender, 133.
Niagara, outline for description, 335. No, wrongly used for not, 341. Nominative, meaning of, 147 (note). Nominative absolute case, 262. Nominative of address, 259.
Nominative pronouns, 147.
None, use of, 291.
Number of nouns, 113-121; of pro-
nouns, 130-132; of verbs, 137–139; of adjectives, 289. Numeral adjectives, 158, 160.
Object of verb, 54, 145, 171. Object of transitive verb limits the application of verb, 174. Object of preposition, 79, 145. Objective pronouns, 147.
Of, used to denote possession, 151, 152. Old Oaken Bucket, 366.
Not, used to form negative copula, One another, use of, 291.
Noun, from nomen, 24 (note). Nouns, definition, 24; may consist of one or more words, 29; abstract, 106, 107; collective, 105, 106; mas- culine and feminine, 109; material, 104; proper and common, 30-38; singular and plural, 113-121; ver- bal, 104;
declension, 148; case, 146, 147; noun or pronoun in apposition, 248; in
Only, to be placed next to the word it
modifies, 290, 291, 342. Our, ours, use and parsing of, 294, 295.
Parsing, 220; of adjective, 288; of adverb, 343; of conjunction, 361; of noun, 270; of pronoun, 282, 283; of relative pronoun, 365; of prepo- sition, 352; of verb or verb-phrase, 325.
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