Some of the nouns made from these verbs are:

reception,

grief,

perception,

relief,

deception,
belief.

Notice that if the noun ends in eption, the e comes before i in the verb. If you cannot remember this, when you are in doubt, think of the word Alice, in which the i comes next to 7, and the e next to c.

Use each pair of words following, in the same sentence: —

1. Which book is named by the word book? 2. What kind of water is named by the word water? 3. Whose slate is meant by the word slate? 4. How many pencils are named by the word pencils? 5. Whose hat is meant by the word hat? 6. What kind of trees are named by the word trees? 7. What people are meant by the word people? 8. Which house does the word house mean? 9. What desk does the word desk name?

A word may be used so that it will apply to any object, or objects, in the whole world, of that name; thus, book, water, slate, people, house.

1. To what does the word book apply when we say a blue book? 2. To what does the word water apply when we say running water? 3. To what does the word slate apply when we say Mary's slate? 4. To what does the word pencils apply when we say six pencils? 5. The word hat, when we say his hat? 6. The word trees, when we say tall trees? 7. To what does the word people apply when we say English people? 8. The word house, when we say the fourth house? 9. The word desk, when we say this desk?

When the application of a word is made less, we say that its application is limited.

1. Read the words used above to limit the application of book, water, slate, etc.

Words like blue, running, Mary's, six, his, tall, English,

fourth, may be used to limit the application of a noun.

2. In the sentence, Many men are lost at sea every year, which words are used to limit the application of a noun? 3. Suppose we say, All men are lost at sea every year, what do you think of the truth of the statement ? Why is it not true? What word has been changed? How does the word

all affect the application of the noun men?

Words like all and every may be used to extend the application of a noun; thus,

All men are mortal.

England expects every man to do his duty.

When the application of a noun is limited, or extended, we say that its application is modified.*

1. Read from these sentences every word used to modify the application of a noun or a pronoun :Tall trees from little acorns grow.

Waving flags, roaring cannon, and prancing horses remind us that the day is here.

You are generous.

Sharpen eight pencils for the class.

Margaret's father was a Scotch gentleman.

He was lame and old.

All foreigners who come to this country are immigrants.

Every pupil should do his best at all times.

XV. A word that modifies the application of a noun or a pronoun is an adjective.†

* Modified simply means changed.

† Adjective is from adjectivus, that is added. The adjective is so called because it is added to the noun to describe or point out the thing named.

2. Mention the adjectives used so far in the lesson, and tell what each adjective modifies.

3. Read every verbal word used in this lesson as an adjective. 4. In the following, mention every adjective used, tell what it modifies, and of what other use it is in the sentence: He was faithful.

I am poor.

It was new.

Lucy was gentle.

Oil is inflammable.

She feels proud.

John is idle.

It is playful.

XVI. An adjective may be used to show what is asserted; thus,

Grapes are plentiful.

We are timid.

5. Write ten sentences, and use two or more adjectives in each. Draw a line under every adjective and the noun which it modifies. What did you learn in Part I. about the use of the comma?*

Adjective is abbreviated adj.

EXERCISE 1.

1. Read the story called

LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION.

A gentleman once advertised for a boy to assist him in his office. Nearly fifty applied for the place. Out of the whole number, he, in a short time, chose one and sent the rest away.

"I should like to know," said a friend, "on what ground you chose that boy. He had not a single recommendation with him."

* See Lesson II., page 82, Part I.

"You are mistaken," said the gentleman; "he had a great many :"He wiped his feet when he came in, and closed the door after him; showing that he was orderly and tidy.

"He gave up his seat instantly to the lame old man who entered; showing that he was kind and thoughtful.

"He took off his hat when he came in, and answered my questions promptly and respectfully; showing that he was polite.

"He lifted up the book which I had purposely laid on the floor, and placed it on the table, while all the rest had stepped over it or shoved it aside; showing that he was careful.

“And he waited patiently for his turn, instead of pushing the others aside; showing that he was modest.

"When I talked with him I noticed that his clothes were carefully brushed, his hair in nice order, and his teeth white as milk.

"When he wrote his name, I observed that his finger-nails were clean, instead of being tipped with jet like the handsome little fellow's in the blue jacket.

"Don't you call these things letters of recommendation? I do; and what I can tell about a boy by using my eyes for ten minutes is worth more than all the fine letters he can bring me."

2. Copy every adjective that you can find in the story. 3. Write after each adjective copied a noun that names a person or thing which the adjective describes.

4. Which of the adjectives in the story express good qualities of the little boy? How did the gentleman find out that he had those qualities?

5. Write with each of those adjectives a word that expresses the opposite quality, the quality which you should avoid.

6. Write two adjectives which you think express qualities of the gentleman.

7. What is an adjective? What does the word modify mean?