XX. A word used to connect sentences together, or to connect words used in the same way in a sentence, is a conjunction.* 7. If the preposition and conjunction are both used to connect words, what difference is there between them? A preposition connects a noun, or a pronoun, used as its object to another noun or pronoun used in some other way. Or, it connects a noun or a pronoun to a verb, a verbal word, an adjective, or an adverb. A preposition shows relation. The preposition with its object modifies the word to which it connects that object. Conjunctions connect sentences. Or, conjunctions connect two nouns (or pronouns) used in the same way in a sentence, or two adjectives, or two adverbs, or two prepositions. A conjunction never connects words of different kinds, or words of the same kind used in two different ways. 1. As you read the sentences which follow, (a) mention every conjunction used; (b) tell whether the conjunction connects two sentences or two words; (c) tell what kind of words the conjunction connects: Julius will remain, but Edith must go. Ellen and Frank are going. They whistle, and sing, and dance, and shout. He and I will be there. Give it to him and me. Emily is neat and faithful, though slow. * A conjunction is so called because it conjoins, or joins together two things of the same kind. Conjunction is abbreviated conj. Arthur is displeased because Agnes will not come. Wisdom is the great boon; therefore get wisdom. We did not go, because it rained. We shall go to-morrow if the weather is pleasant. A conjunction may be used to connect phrases; thus, — Do you live in the country or in the city? 1. Learn to associate these conjunctions, which are always used together: and: He is both smart and good. Both Either or: Say either yes or no. nor: The boy is neither at home nor in school. or: I do not know whether I will or will not go. If he is sorry, then forgive him. not. If it will be done when you come, come at once. He doubted whether the book was for him She was not only vain, ambitious also. He would neither help me allow my friends to do so. Neither laugh stand. sneer at what you cannot under For three days I neither ate Send me only such articles slept. I have mentioned. Though he is poor, he is contented. He will neither go himself send anybody. I do not know If you neither study the report is true or not. pay attention, you will not learn. III. Copy five prepositions and five conjunctions from your Reader, and use each correctly in a sentence. LESSON X. THE PARTS OF SPEECH. 1. Write the name given to a word when it is used in a sentence (a) to name something, (b) to take the place of a noun, (c) to assert, (d) to modify the application of a noun, or a pro noun, (e) to modify the application of a verb, a verbal word, an adjective, or an adverb, (f) to connect a noun or a pronoun to some other word, and to show the relation between them, (g) to connect sentences, or to connect words used. in the same way in a sentence. 2. How many different classes, or kinds, of words do the work to be done in sentences? 3. What are they called? XXI. The seven classes, or kinds, of words which do the different kinds of work to be done in a sentence, are called The Parts of Speech. The parts of speech are the noun, the pronoun, the verb, the adjective, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction. 4. Which of the parts of speech may stand alone as the subject of a sentence? 5. Which part of speech may be used alone as the predicate of a sentence? 6. Which parts of speech are merely modifiers of other parts? 7. Which parts of speech are connectives? 8. Read these sentences, and (a) separate each sentence into its subject and predicate; (b) tell what kind of work each word does, and of what part of speech it therefore is:— The rope is in the belfry. An old man climbed the belfry stairs. He worked hard. A hard crust formed on the snow. This stone is very heavy. The cruel boys stone the birds. Alice is sitting yonder. Yonder tree is a linden. Margaret's slate and his pencil are here. She draws very rapidly. Edgar went to town, and Walter stayed on the farm. It is in its cage! Is a blacksmith's hand large and brawny? The large boys and girls walked slowly through the yard. |