N. J., Dec. 26, 1894. He was brought up on a farm; received a public-school education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1852. He removed to Flemington, N. J., to practice; was a Republican candidate for presidential elector in 1872; was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the New Jersey Court of Chancery in 1875, 1882, 1887, and 1894, and was viceordinary of the court from 1880 till his death. He acquired a law library remarkable for the completeness of its sets of rare works. He had a high reputation as an equity judge.

Van Zandt, Charles Collins, lawyer, born in Newport, R. I., Aug. 10, 1830; died in Brookline, Mass., June 4, 1894. He was graduated at Amherst College in 1851; admitted to the bar in 1853; was clerk of the State Assembly in 1855-'57; Speaker of the House in 185859, 1866-69, and 1871-73; State Senator from Newport and chairman of the Judiciary Committee in 1873, and Lieutenant-Governor and President of the Senate in 1873-75. In 1877 he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, and served for three years. He was nominated to be United States minister to Russia in 1880, but declined the office. In politics he was originally a Whig, but had belonged to the Republican party since its organization, and in 1868 and 1876 was chairman of the Rhode Island delegations to the national conventions.

Walters, William Thompson, art collector, born in a logging town on the Juniata river, Pennsylvania, May 23, 1820; died in Baltimore, Md., Nov. 22, 1894. He was educated for a civil engineer, was placed in charge of an iron furnace at Farrandsville, Lycoming County, when eighteen years old, and there superintended the manufacture of the first iron produced in the United States by the use of mineral coal. Subsequently he demonstrated that iron could be made by the use of anthracite coal at Pottsville. In 1841 he removed to Baltimore and engaged in the commission business, afterward making a large fortune as a wholesale liquor merchant. He became interested in many railway and steamship lines, and acquired control of several short lines of railway, which he merged into the Atlantic Coast line, extending from Baltimore into Florida. He was also the pioneer in the importation of Percheron horses, but it was as a collector of works of art that he was best known. In his house in Baltimore he brought together the largest and costliest collection of art works in the United States, and when his treasures overflowed one building he bought another and connected them. He was an enthusiastic and discriminating collector for fifty years, and during the last eleven years that he had given annual exhibitions of his gallery more than $30,000 was paid by visitors, all of which he gave to the poor of the city. The bronzes that adorn the four public squares in Baltimore near the Washington Monument were presented to the city by him. He was one of the United States Art Commissioners to the Paris Expositions of 1867 and 1878 and the Vienna Exposition of 1873, a trustee of the Corcoran Art Gallery, in Washington, D. C., and a trustee of the Peabody Institute. Walters was a liberal patron of struggling artists of merit. His collections, which had been valued by experts at $1,000,000, were bequeathed to his two children. He also bequeathed $10,000 to the Maryland Institute for the Blind.

Mr.

Waterbury, Nelson Jarvis, jurist, born in New York city, in July, 1819; died there, April 22, 1894. He educated himself, studied law, became managing clerk to his preceptors, and formed a law partnership with Samuel J. Tilden in 1842. In 1845 he was appointed judge of the Marine Court in New York city; in 1850 he was legislated out of office; in 1855 he was appointed first assistant postmaster, and while in the office established the first subpostal station in the city; and in 1858 he was elected district attorney. He was defeated for re-election, and at the end of his first term was appointed judge-advocate general of the State. In 1868 he was appointed a member of a commission to revise the State statutes, and he compiled the "Code of Civil Procedure " now in use.

Watkins, Henry, actor, born in New York city, Jan. 14, 1825; died there, Feb. 5, 1894. He made his first appearance on the stage in 1839, at Fort Snelling, as Jaffler in "Venice preserved," and his first in New York on June 14, 1850, at the Chatham Street Theater as Edward Middleton in "The Drunkard," with Joseph Jefferson associated in the cast. In 1857 he and Edwin L. Davenport opened Burton's Chambers Street Theater under the name of the American Theater. The same year he managed for Mr. Burton at his Philadelphia and Baltimore theaters, and in November he became director of amusements at Barnum's Museum. In 1860 he went abroad and played in London and elsewhere for three years, and on his return to New York presented the Pepper ghost exhibition at Wallack's Theater. He made his last appearance in Philadelphia in September, 1893, in his own play of" Trodden Down." Mr. Watkins was author of many plays besides the popular" Trodden Down," among which were "The Bride of an Evening," "The Hidden Hand," "A Life worth having," "Molly Bawn," "A Game of Chess," "New York after Dark," "Set in Gold," "Queen of the Brigands," "Slaves of the Counter," and "Pride of Kildare."

Weed, Ella, educator, born in Newburg, N. Y., in January, 1854; died in New York city, Jan. 10, 1894. She was graduated at Vassar College in 1873; aided in establishing a school for girls in Springfield, Ohio, and taught there till 1880; and was a teacher in Miss Annie Brown's school for girls in New York city from 1884 till her death. When Barnard College was established in connection with Columbia College, Miss Weed was one of the first women called on to give practical form to the idea. She became a member of the executive committee, and chairman of the academic committee of the board of trustees, and during the formative period of the institution she acted as its executive head, advising the students, consulting with the parents, selecting the corps of instructors, and arranging the courses of study. She was a trustee of the Associated Alumnæ of Vassar College, and of the Vassar Students' Aid Society.

Welling, James Clark, educator, born in Trenton, N J., July 14, 1825; died in Hartford, Conn., Sept. 4, 1894. He was graduated at Princeton in 1844; began studying law; became associate principal of the New York Collegiate School in 1848; and was connected with the "National Intelligencer" in Washington, D. C. (most of the time as chief political writer), from

1850 till 1865. In 1867 he was elected President of St. John's College, Annapolis, Md.; in 1870 became Professor of Belles-Lettres at Princeton; and in 1871 was chosen President of Columbian College (now University), in Washington, D. C., which under his administration greatly prospered, was enlarged, and erected a fine new building in Washington. He held the last office till his death, but had tendered his resignation, to take effect on Oct. 1, 1894. From 1877 he was President of the Board of Trustees of the Corcoran Art Gallery, in whose interest he visited the principal artists of Europe in 1887, and from 1884 he was a regent and Chairman of the Executive Committee of

the Smithsonian Institution. He was a member of the Philosophical and the Anthropological Societies of Washington, president of the former in 1884, and President of the Copyright League of the District of Columbia. For some time before his death he was engaged in preparing for publication his lectures on literature at Princeton, his lectures on history at Columbian University, and a history of the civil war in its civil, political, and judicial aspects. He received the degree of LL. D. from Columbian University in 1868. West, Absalom M., military officer, born in Alabama, in 1818; died in Holly Springs, Miss., Sept. 30, 1894. He received a public-school education; was a member of the Mississippi Senate for 3 terms; was commissioned a brigadier general in the Confederate army, and acting commissary general, quarterinaster general, and paymaster general subsequently; was elected to Congress after the war, but was refused a seat; and was the first president of the Mississippi Central Railroad Company. In 1884 was the Greenback candidate for Vice-President.

Whiteman, Margaret (known in religion as SISTER M. ROSINA), educator, born in Charleston, S. C., Feb. 11, 1825; died in New York city, March 16, 1894. She renounced the world and entered the Mount St. Vincent Convent, then in Central Park, New York city, in 1849; was mistress of novices and secretary there for many years; and from 1892 was mother superior of the Roman Catholic order of Sisters of Charity of the United States. Since the removal of the convent to the Forrest Castle site and the erection of the present large building the institution has been one of the most noted Roman Catholic educational establishments in the country, and Sister Rosina was a most zealous worker in the cause.

Whiting, William Danforth, naval officer, born in Boston, Mass., May 27, 1823; died in New York city, March 19, 1894. He was appointed a midshipman in the United States navy on March 1, 1841; was promoted passed midshipman, Aug. 10, 1847; master, May 1, 1855; lieutenant, Sept. 14 following; lieutenant commander, July 16, 1862; commander, July 25, 1866; and captain, Aug. 19, 1872; and was retired by special act of Congress with the rank of commodore, because of total blindness resulting from exposures in the service, Oct. 12, 1881. During his naval career he was on sea service twenty years and two months, on shore on other duty eighteen years, and was unemployed fourteen years and ten months. He was a son of Gen. Henry Whiting, who served in the Indian wars and in the War of 1812. He was present on the "Levant" at the capture of Monterey, Cal., July 7, 1846; attended the naval school in 1847-'48; was on duty at the Naval Observatory, Washington, D. C., in 1853, and on coast survey duty in 1854-57; and served on the frigate "Niagara" at the laying of the Atlantic cable in 1857. In the civil war he was executive officer of the "Vandalia " at the capture of Port Royal in 1861, and commanded the "Wyandotte" in the South Atlantic squadron and in the Potomac flotilla in 1862; the "Ottawa" in the attack on and capture of the lower end of Morris island, and in the bombardment of Fort Wagner and Battery Gregg in 1863; and the "Savannah" in the Eastern Gulf Blockading squadron in 1864. In 1870 he commanded the double-turret ironclad " Miantonomoh." While captain of the flagship "Worcester," of the North Atlantic squadron (1872-75), he took out American contributions of food and clothing for the French sufferers by the Franco-Prussian War, which were sold to advantage in Liverpool and London, and the money forwarded to the relief committee. His last service was as chief of the Bureau of Navigation from 1878 till his retirement.

Whitney William Dwight, philologist, born in Northampton, Mass., Feb. 9, 1827; died in New Haven, Conn., June 7, 1894. He was the second son of Josiah D. Whitney and of Sarah Williston, a sister of Samuel Williston, whose princely benefactions (amounting to over $1,500,000) to Amherst College, Williston Seminary, and other New England institutions

of learning are not forgotten. Young Whitney was prepared for college in the high school of his native town, and entered Williams in the sophomore year, graduating there in 1845. He then entered the Northampton Bank, of which his father was cashier, and remained there for three years. Meanwhile he devoted his leisure to the study of natural history. It was at this time that he made his collection of the birds of New England, which he himself mounted, and which are now in the Peabody Museum in New Haven. In 1848 he went to Wisconsin and was engaged on the geological survey, but his fondness for linguistics was greater than that for natural history, and in 1849 he went to New Haven, where he studied

philology, and especially Sanskrit, under the venerable Edward E. Salisbury, who still lives, and where he was associated with James Hadley. He went to Germany in 1850, and studied during the winters at the University of Berlin under Franz Bopp and Albrecht Weber, and during the summers at the University of Tübingen under Rudolph Roth. With the latter he prepared an edition of the "Atharva Veda Sanhita " (Berlin, 1856), for which he copied the text from the manuscripts in the Royal Library in Berlin, and collated it with other copies in the libraries of Paris, London, and Oxford, which places he visited before his return to the United States. He was appointed to the clair of Sanskrit in Yale College in 1854, and in 1870 the title of his professorship became that of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology, which place he held until his death. He organized the department of modern languages in the Sheffield Scientific School when that institution was remodeled in 1862, and for many years thereafter continued in charge of the department. Also for a time he had classes in modern languages in the college proper. The national recognition of his high attainments came largely in consequence of a series of 6 lectures that he delivered before the Smithsonian Institution in Washington in 1864. These he repeated later in extended form before the Lowell Institute in Boston, and then published them as "Language and the Study of Language" (New York, 1867). This work also appeared in London, and was translated into Dutch and German. In 1849 he was elected to the American Oriental Society, served as its librarian in 1855-78, and as its corresponding secretary in 1857'84, becoming, subsequent to 1884, its president. His contributions to its journal were very great, and of its Vols. VI-XII half the contents were written by him, including a translation of the "Surya Siddhànta," with notes and appendix, being Hindu treatise on astronomy (1860); text, with notes, of the "Atharva Veda Pratiçakhya" (1862); the text, with English version, notes, and native commentary, of the "Taittiriya Pratiçakhya" (1871), which gained for him the Bopp prize from the Berlin Academy as the most important Sanskrit publication of the preceding three years; the "Index Verborum to the Atharva Veda" (1881); and reviews of Karl R. Lepsius's phonetic alphabet and of the opinions of Jean B. Biot, Albrecht F. Weber, and Max Müller on Hindu astronomy. He took an appreciative interest

in the World's Congress of Philology held in Chicago during 1893, approved of its plans, and aided in them by explicit suggestion of themes for discussion. Prof. Whitney was a contributor to the great Sanskrit dictionary of Böhtlingk and Roth (7 volumes, St. Petersburg, 1853-67). He was actively engaged on various editions of Webster's Dictionary," and later was editor in chief of the great "Century Dictionary (6 vols., New York, 1889-'91), the largest completed English dictionary in the world. The degree of Ph. D. was conferred on him by the University of Breslau in 1861, and that of LL. D. by Williams in 1868, William and Mary in 1869, and Harvard in 1-76, while that of J. U. D. was given him by St. Andrew's, Scotland, in 1874, and Litt. D. by Columbia in 1856. He was the first President of the American Philological Association, which he helped to found in 1869, and in 1865 was elected to the National Academy of Sciences, but resigned therefrom in 1882. Besides his membership in many other scientific societies, both at home and abroad, he was a correspondent of the Berlin, Turin, Rome, and St. Petersburg Academies, the Institute of France, and was a foreign knight of the Prussian order Pour le Mérite. Prof. Whitney wrote for the North American Review," the New England Magazine," and similar periodicals, and various articles in cyclopædias, and has contributed to the transactions of societies of which he was a member. Many of his writings were collected into book form under the title of "Oriental and Linguistic Studies," of which 3 series were issued in 1873, 1874, and 1875. Other important contributions to philology include: "Contributions from the Atharva Veda to the Theory of Sanskrit Verbal Accent" (1856); "On the Tyotisha Observation of the Place of the Colures and the Date derivable from it” (1864); "On Material and Form in Language" (1872); "Darwinism and Language" (1874); "Logical Consistency in Views of Language" (1880); Mixture in Language" (1881); " The Study of Hindu Grammar and the Study of Sanskrit" (1884); and The Upanishads and their Latest Translations" (1886). His other works included "Compendious German Grammar" (New York, 1869); “Gerinan Reader in Prose and Verse" (1870); "Life and Growth of Language" (1876), being Vol. XVI of the International Scientific Series," and which was translated into the French, Italian, German, Swedish, and Russian languages; " Essentials of English Grammar" (Boston, 1877); “Sanskrit Grammar, including both the Classical Language and the Older Dialects of Veda and Brahmana" (Leipsic, 1879; second edition, 1888), of which it is said that" wherever philology is studied the Sanskrit grammar of Whitney is a unique and indispensable adjunct"; and "Practical French Grammar" (1886). He was regarded as one of the foremost Sanskrit scholars of his time, and as a German scholar he had no superiors in this country. His text-books received high praise for their exact statements of general grammatical doctrine. In the science of language, of which his expositions and classifications were accepted as authoritative, he claimed that the development of speech was by the acceptance of conventional signs, and that its beginnings were imitative in lieu of the view advanced by others, who contend that language was spontaneously generated in the mind and coexistent with thought. He was never idle, and kept his mind closely upon his studies till the very last. In 1856 he married Elizabeth Wooster, a daughter of Roger Sherman Baldwin, of New Haven, who with 3 daughters and 1 son survive him. He was buried in New Haven, and the services were conducted by President Dwight, while his older colleagues acted as pallbearers. A memorial sketch, 28 pages, by Thomas D. Seymour, has been published.

Wildrick, Abram C., military officer, born in New Jersey, Aug. 5, 1836; died on Staten Island, N. Y., Nov. 16, 1894. He was graduated at West Point in 1857, and became brevet 2d lieutenant 3d Artillery. In the regular army he was promoted 2d lieutenant,

Oct. 5, 1857; 1st lieutenant, April 27, 1861; captain, Feb. 8, 1864; major, 5th Artillery, Nov. 3, 1882; and lieutenant colonel, 1st Artillery, July 1, 1892. In 1858 he had command of a battery during the San Juan troubles. At the beginning of the civil war he was in command of the arsenal at Fort Vancouver and its quartermaster and commissary stores, and promptly tendered his services to the Governor of New Jersey, desiring the command of one of the first regiments raised in that State; but through the wish or Gens. Wright and McPherson for his services on their staff he was unable to accept a volunteer command till the latter part of the war. He was commissioned colonel of the 39th New Jersey Infantry Oct. 11, 1864, and was mustered out of the service June 17, 1865. He was brevetted major in the regular army for gallant services during the siege of Petersburg, and lieutenant colonel for meritorious services during the war, both on March 13, 1865, and brigadier general of volunteers for gallantry in leading the assault on Fort Mahone in front of Petersburg on April 2 following.

Wilkinson, Morton Smith, lawyer, born in Skaneateles, Onondaga County, N. Y., Jan. 22, 1819; died in St. Paul, Minn., Feb. 4, 1894. He received a fair education; removed to Illinois in 1837, and was employed on railway work for two years; returned to Skaneateles and studied law; was admitted to the bar in Syracuse in 1842; and settled in Eaton Rapids, Mich., in 1843. In 1847 he went to St. Paul, and in 1849 was elected to the first Legislature of Minnesota Territory. Subsequently he was appointed to a commission to prepare a code of laws for the government of the Territory and his draft was adopted. In 1859 he was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican, and there served as chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims and as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was defeated for reelection, and President Lincoln declared publicly that his defeat was a national calamity. In 1864 he was a delegate to the Baltimore convention, and in 1866 to the Loyalists' convention in Philadelphia. He was elected to Congress from the 1st Minnesota District as a Republican in 1868, serving from March 4, 1869, till March 3, 1871, and being a member of the standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and of the select committee on the ninth census. In 1872 he joined the Liberal Republican party, and soon afterward the Democratic, and in 1874-78 was a State Senator.

Williams, George Huntington, geologist, born in Utica, N. Y., Jan. 25, 1856; died there, July 12, 1894. He was educated in Utica, and was graduated at Amherst in 1878; then, after studying in Brunswick and Göttingen, Germany, he settled in Heidelberg, where he made a specialty of petrography under Rosenbusch, and obtained his doctorate in 1882 cum summa laude. On his return to the United States he received an appointment in the Johns Hopkins University, becoming associate professor in 1885, and Professor of Inorganic Geology in 1892. His work at this university attracted many students, and his classes were large. The geology of Maryland became the special subject of his investigations, and he published many papers descriptive of his work, notably "Notes on the Minerals occurring in the Neighborhood of Baltimore" (1887), "Contributions to the Mineralogy of Maryland" (1889), and "Geology and Physical Geography of Maryland" (1894). The United States Geological Survey availed itself of his services at first in connection with his work on the microscopic examinations of crystalline rocks of Maryland and those elsewhere, publishing as special bulletins his results on "The Gabbros and Associated Hornblende Rocks occurring in the Neighborhood of Baltimore, Md." (1886) and "The Greenstone Schist Areas of the Menominee and Marquette Regions of Michigan (1890). He then prepared the Baltimore Atlas Sheet" for the "Geologic Atlas of the United States" in course of publication by the United States Geologieal Survey, and also a "Geological Map of Baltimore and Vicinity "(1892), as well as " Geology of Balti

more and Vicinity-Crystalline Rocks," which he prepared for a "Guide-Book of Baltimore" that he edited for the 1892 meeting of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. This subject he treated popularly in an address, " A University and its Natural Environment," which he delivered before the university on Commemoration Day, Feb. 22, 1892. Prof. Williams wrote the "Geology and Mineral Resources of Maryland" for "Maryland: Its Resources, Industries, and Institutions," of which he was editor in chief, and which was issued by the State Board of Managers for the World's Fair Commission, July, 1893. The titles of his papers are 72 in number, and include"Elements of Crystallography for Students in Chemistry, Physics, and Mineralogy" (New York, 1890), which is the best text-book on the subject written in the English language, and "The Volcanic Rocks of Eastern North America" (1894), a late paper of much geologic importance. In the use of mechanical appliances to petrographical work Prof. Williams showed much ingenuity, devising an electrical machine for cutting and grinding thin sections of rocks, and also by perfecting the only satisfactory petrographical microscope made in this country. He edited the department of mineralogy and petrography of the "Standard Dictionary," and was on the stuff of the revision of" Johnson's Cyclopædia." Prof. Williams was a member of the International Jury of Awards in the department of Mines and Mining at the World's Fair held in Chicago during 1893, and was a corresponding member of the Geological Society of London, a member of the French Mineralogical Society, and Vice-President of the Geological Society of America. He died of typhoid fever, originally contracted while engaged in field work in the vicinity of Washington for a geologic map of the Piedmont Plateau of Maryland.

Winans, Edwin B., legislator, born in Avon, N. Y., May 16, 1826; died in Hamburg, Mich., July 4, 1894. He removed with his parents to Michigan in 1834, received a public-school education, took part of the course at Albion College, and made the overland trip to California in 1850. After spending six years in placer mining and other enterprises, he became a banker in the town of Rough-and-Ready. He returned to Michigan in 1858 and engaged in farming. In 1861-65 he was a member of the State Legislature; in 1867, of the State Constitutional Convention; in 1876-'80, judge of probate of Livingston County; and in 1883-86, Representative in Congress from the 6th Michigan District. He was elected Governor of Michigan, as a Democrat, in 1890.

Winthrop, Robert Charles, statesman, born in Boston, Mass., May 12, 1809; died there, Nov. 16, 1894. He was the son of Thomas Lindall Winthrop, and was sixth in descent from John Winthrop, first Governor of Massachusetts. He was graduated at Harvard in 1828; studied law for three years in the office of Daniel Webster; and made his entry into public life in 1834 as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, of which he was Speaker for three successive years. In 1840 he was returned to Congress, where he served for ten years, being Speaker of the House in 1847-249, and acquiring a high reputation for ready argument and polished oratory. In 1850, when Daniel Webster was made Secretary of State, he was appointed to the latter's vacant seat in the Senate. Ilis abilities and experience would seem to have marked him out for a prolonged career in the Senate, but the conservative temper of his mind was the chief obstacle in the way of this. He was conscientiously opposed to the spread of slavery, but, having little sympathy with extremists on either side, he was defeated for election to the Senate in 1851 by a fusion of Free-Soilers and Democrats. In the same year he became a candidate of the Whig party for the governorship of his native State, and received a plurality of votes. The Constitution then required a majority, and on the election being thrown into the Legislature, he was defeated by the same fusion of parties as before. He felt that a wrong had

been done him, and never again figured in public life. He was President of the Massachusetts Historical Society for thirty years, and was chairman of the overseers of the poor of Boston nearly as long, while for many years he was the favorite orator on important national as well as State anniversaries. He outlived nearly all his political and literary contemporaries. He was twice married, and had 2 sons and 1 daughter. Many of his speeches and addresses were published separately, and were afterward issued in collected form as follow: "Speeches and Addresses on Various Occasions " (Boston, 1853); Addresses and Speeches from 1852 to 1867 " (1867); “ Addresses and Speeches on Various Occasions from 1869 to 1879" (1879); "Addresses and Speeches on Various Occasions from 1880 to 1886" (1886). He was also the author of "The Life and Letters of John Winthrop " (1864); "Washington, Bowdoin, and Franklin” (1876); and "Memoir of Henry Clay" (Cambridge. 1880). Among the finest of his orations are the two Washington Monument addresses on the laying of the corner stone in 1848 and upon the completion of the work in 1885, and that delivered at Yorktown on the one hundredth anniversary of the surrender of Cornwallis. He bequeathed $5,000 each to the Massachusetts Historical Society and the Boston Provident Association; $1,000 to the Boston Children's Hospital; and $250 each to the libraries of the BostoL Latin School and Trinity Church Sunday School. Wood, William, benefactor, born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1808; died in New York city, Oct. 1, 1894. He was graduated at Glasgow College and at St. Andrew's University; first came to New York city in 1830 to establish a branch of his father's banking house; made his permanent home here in 1844; and was engaged successfully in the banking business till 1869, when he retired. Before and during the civil war he was an ardent abolitionist, and assisted many refugee slaves on their way through New York to Canada. In 1869, on retiring from business, he was appointed a commissioner of the Board of Educa tion of New York city, and for four years was its president. During this period he successfully agitated the establishment of the Normal College, and from its opening, in 1870, he was regarded as its founder. He was a member of the Board of Education twenty years, and part of the time its president.

Woodbridge, Mary A., reformer, born in Nantucket. Mass.; died in Chicago, Ill., Oct. 25, 1894. She was a daughter of Judge Isaac Brayton. In 1873-74 she was active in the women's temperance crusade in Ohio, and for many years President of the Women's Christian Temperance Union of that State. In 1879 she was elected recording secretary of the National Women's Christian Temperance Union; in 1853 she was conspicuous among the advocates of the proposed prohibition amendment to the Constitution of Ohio; and in 1890 was a delegate from the National Women's Christian Temperance Union to the annual meeting of the British Women's Temperance Association held in London under the presidency of Lady Somerset. At the time of her death she was the secretary of the World's Women's Christian Temperance Union.

OBITUARIES, FOREIGN, FOR 1894. Alboni, Marietta, Marquise Pepoli, an Italian contralto singer, born in Città di Castello, in 1826; died in Ville d'Avray, France, Feb. 27, 1894. She was the daughter of a customs officer of the papal government. At sixteen she made her debut at Bologna. After a great success in Milan she appeared in the principal theaters of Italy, Germany, Russia, Hungary, and England. Her first appearance in Paris was in 1850, in "Le Prophète." From that time she sang chiefly in London and Paris, and made tours in the United States, where her appearances were veritable triumphs. Madame Alboni has left the reputation of one of the first singers of the century. Her voice retained its quality, both in the head notes and the lower register, to the end of her life, but her excessive corpulence kept her from singing in public, except at rare intervals. Her first husband was the

Marquis Pepoli, and after his death she married Charles Zieger, a French officer.

Andlau, Gaston J. H. d', a French general, died in Buenos Ayres, in May, 1894. He served with distinction in the French army, and rose to high rank. He was intrusted also with important diplomatic missions, which he discharged with credit, and was elected a member of the French Senate. In 1887 his honorable career was blackened by disclosures implicating him in the Wilson scandal, relating to the Sale of decorations. He fled the country, was expelled from the Senate, and was condemned in contumaciam to five years of imprisonment.

Astley, Sir John, an English sportsman, born in Rome, Italy, in 1828; died in London, Oct. 10, 1894. He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, became an officer in the Scots fusilier regiment in 1548, and was wounded in the Crimea. After ten years of military service he entered the House of Commons. He succeeded to the baronetey in 1873. A cricketer and football player at school, a strong oar in the university, a crack shot, a capital boxer, an owner of race horses, a patron of the ring, he made sport the chief business of his life, and was an authority in sporting matters and a great favorite in sporting circles. In the last year of his life he published Fifty Years of my Life in the World of Sport at Home and Abroad."

Atlay, James, an English clergyman, born in Wakerley, Northamptonshire, England, July 3, 1817; died in Hereford, Dec. 24, 1894. He was educated at Grantham and Oakham schools, and afterward at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he was afterward fellow and tutor. He took orders in 1842, was curate of Warsop until 1846, and from 1847 to 1852 was vicar of Madingley, near Cambridge. He was Queen's preacher at the Chapel Royal, Whitehall, from 1856 to 1858, and in 1859 succeeded Dean Hook as vicar of Leeds. In 1868 he was appointed one of the canons of Ripon, and in 1868, on the death of Dr. Hampden, Bishop of Hereford, he was nominated for the vacant diocese by Mr. Disraeli (then Prime Minister). He was neither a great scholar nor an eminent theologian, like some of his associates among the lords spiritual, but both as vicar of Leeds and Bishop of Hereford his work was characterized by the exercise of fair abilities if not of shining talents. His nature was kindly and gentle, and among the clergy of his diocese he was greatly beloved.

Baert, Lieut., a Belgian officer, died in Leopoldville, Congo State, in September, 1894. He succeeded to the command of the Kerckhoven expedition into the Nile region, and sent reconnoitering parties to Wadelai and Lado. He was on the point of leading an expedition into the Bahr el Gazel province when the convention with Great Britain regarding its cession to the Congo State was abrogated.

Ballantyne, Robert Michael, an English author, born in Edinburgh, in 1825; died in Rome, Italy, Feb. 8, 1864. He went to Canada at the age of sixteen, and spent six years in the service of the Hudson Bay Company. After he returned to Scotland he published "Hudson Bay, or Everyday Life in the Wilds of North America" (1848). He went into the printing office of the Constables to learn the business with which his family were identified, but he had a stronger bent for literature, and in 1856 adopted that as his profession, and began to write tales of adventure for young people, many of them drawn from his Canadian experience. For some he gathered new observations by placing himself amid scenes that afforded a suitable setting. Thus he lived some time with the keepers of the Bell Rock light before writing "The Lighthouse"; "Deep Down" was the fruit of a visit to the mines of Cornwall; and "The Pirate City" of a winter in Algiers. He was a skillful artist in water colors. He produced 62 stories in 74 volumes. Some of the best known are " The Coral Island," "The World of Ice." "Ungava," "The Dog Crusoe," and "The Young Fur Traders."

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Belleau, Sir Narcisse Fortunat, a Canadian statesman, born in Quebec, Oct. 20, 1808; died there, Sept. 14, 1892. He was educated at the Quebec Seminary, became a successful lawyer, and was chosen, in 1852, a member of the Legislative Council, of which he was Speaker from 1857 till 1862. He was Mayor of Quebec in 1860. He was Minister of Agriculture in the brief Cartier-Macdonald ministry in 1862. In 1865 he succeeded Sir Etienne Taché as Premier, and after the confederation was formed, in 1867, he became the first Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, being afterward appointed for a second term.

Bermudez, Remigio Morales, President of Peru, born in the province of Tarapaca, Sept. 30, 1836; died in Lima, March 31, 1894. He obtained such slight education as his country then afforded, and engaged in the nitrate trade in his native province. Joining the revolutionary army in 1854 as a lieutenant, he took a prominent part in the defeat of Col. Chacano at Arica and in routing the force of Gen. Guardo and winning the final victory that resulted in the overthrow of Gen. Echinique's government. When President Castilla in his turn provoked an insurrection in 1864, Bermudez was found again on the side of the revolution. President Pardo made him a lieutenant colonel and prefect of the city of Trujillo. During the war with Chili he commanded the force that marched to Arica and displayed signal bravery. In the uprising against President Iglesias and the Clericals he joined the revolutionary standard of Caceres. When the latter was elected President, in 1886, Col. Bermudez became Vice-President. He was elected President in 1890 in succession to Caceres for the term ending Aug. 10, 1894.

Billroth, Theodor, an Austrian surgeon, born at Bergen, island of Rügen, in 1829; died in Vienna, Feb. 6, 1894. His family was of Swedish origin. He studied at Greifswald, Göttingen, and Berlin, and took his degree as doctor of medicine in 1852. After assisting Prof. Langenbeck in Berlin several years, he was called to the chair of Surgery at Zürich in 1858, and in 1867 became Professor of Surgery in Vienna University. He was one of the boldest and most skillful operators of his time, and the pioneer in the excision of cancer of the pylorus and other capital operations. Military surgery owes much to his study and zeal, especially improved transport of the wounded and a more thorough and careful ambulance service in general. The great reform that he had at heart after practicing throughout the Franco-Prussian War in the hospitals at Mannheim and Weissenburg was the abolition of war altogether, which has come to be more barbarous since the invention of the lacerating small projectiles and high velocity of the modern rifle and of other new destructive weapons. He founded a school of hospital nurses, and planned the model hospital in Vienna composed of isolated small buildings. Besides many valuable papers and reports, he wrote in conjunction with Prof. Pitha a "Handbook of General and Special Surgery."

Blackburne, E. Owens, the pen name of Elizabeth Casey, an Irish novelist, born in Slane, County Meath, in 1848; died in Dublin, April 6, 1894. She became blind when eleven years old, and after her sight was restored, when she was eighteen, she taught herself so well that she took a prize in the examinations of Trinity College. She wrote much for periodicals, and published "A Modern Parrhasius" (1875); “A Woman scorned" (1876); “Illustrious Irish women' (1877); "The Way Women love" (1877); “Molly Carew" (1879); "A Bunch of Shamrocks" (1879); "My Sweetheart when a Boy" (1880); "The Glen of Silver Birches" (1880); "The Love that loves alway" (1881); and "The Heart of Erin " (1882).

Bray, Sir John Cox, an Australian statesman, born in Adelaide, in 1842; died in Colombo, Ceylon, June 18, 1894. He studied and practiced law, entered the Legislative Assembly of South Australia in 1871, and four years later becaine a member of the Cabinet. He repeatedly held office, and in 1881 formed a ministry. which remained in power three years. For some