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deemed provisional only, and shall be in all respects subject to the paramount authority of the United States, at any time to abolish, modify, control, and supersede the same, and in all elections to any office under such provisional governments all persons shall be entitled to vote under the provisions of the fifth section of this act. And no person shall be eligible to any office under such provisional governments who would be disqualified from holding office under the provisions of the third article of said Constitutional Amendment.

Under this act, the President appointed as commanders of the Military Districts: For the 1st, Major General John M. Schofield; for the 2d, Major General Daniel E. Sickles; for the 3d, Major General John Pope; for the 4th, Major General E. O. C. Ord; and for the 5th, Major General Philip H. Sheridan. By order of the President, before the close of the year, most of these commanders were removed and others appointed in their places.

A supplemental act of March 23, directed the commanding General in each District to cause a registration to be made of the male citizens qualified to vote by the provisions of the act. After the completion of the registration, an election was held to choose delegates to a convention for the purpose of establishing a constitution and civil government in each State, and also to vote for or against a convention. Under these acts and a second supplementary reconstruction act of July 19, 1867, and the amendatory act of March 11, 1868, Arkansas, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina framed and adopted constitutions of State government, and they were admitted to representation in Congress as States of the Union, by the acts of June 22 and June 25, 1868. (For the Specific Acts admitting these States, see “Public Acts," page 248.) Soon after the passage of the above acts, the commanders of the Military Districts in which these States were situated, withdrew the military authority, and civil rule was again established. In most cases, to facilitate the inauguration of the executive officers elected in the different States, they were appointed by the military commanders to the positions they were to occupy, before the meeting of the legislatures. The number registered in each State, and the election returns under the reconstruction acts were as follows:

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Mississippi, Texas and Virginia having failed to comply with the requirements of the reconstruction acts, have not been admitted to representation in Congress. In Texas and in portions of other Southern States, the lawlessness of some districts has required the presence of the military force of the General Government to preserve peace and order. A special committee of the Texas Constitutional Convention reported, July 21, 1868, 1,035 homicides committed in Texas in three years, of which 319 were committed in 1868.

FINANCES.

During the year 1867, the aspect of the finances was much improved by the consolidation of the public debt, and a reduction of its amount. From December 1, 1866, to December 1, 1867, the Legal Tender notes had been reduced upwards of $107,000,000 by a gradual contraction of the currency. This measure had been urged by the Secretary of the Treasury in his report as necessary for the maintenance of the credit of the government, and as advantageous to the industrial and social interests of the country; but a wide difference of opinion existed both in the public mind and among members of Congress, in regard to this policy. Some persons advocated continued contraction, while others opposed it; the latter urging that there was no excess of money in the country, all being needed for the movement of crops, and the uses of healthful trade. One party favored the suppression of "GreenLacks," or Government notes, while another advocated an increase of these and a withdrawal of National Bank notes. Congress repealed the law giving the Secretary power to reduce the currency, January 1, 1868.

A difference of opinion also existed in reference to the mode of payment of the National loans, especially the bonds known as "Five-twenties." There were some who recommended the payment of the principal as it became due in legal tender notes, while others urged that the faith of the nation was pedged to the full payment of principal and interest in coin. Various measres were brought before Congress, and the question entered very largely into the discussion of political questions in the Presidential campaign of 1868, bat no decisive measures were passed by Congress.

The whole subject of Currency and Finance will be discussed in another pace, in a paper prepared expressly for this volume, and we simply add here the following statistical tables. They serve to present the condition of the tances of the country, and exhibit the changes in duties levied on leading articles, the receipts and expenditures of the government, the public debt at ferent dates, the kinds of United States bonds, the number and condition of the National Banks, and the debts of the several States.

I. TABLE SHOWING THE DUTIES LEVIED ON THE FOLLOWING LEADING ARTICLES FROM 1789 TO 1867.

Date of Tariffs.

Sugar.

Coffee.

Tea, Souchong. Salt (in bulk).

Pig Iron.

Bar Iron.

Glass Manufactures.

Cotton
Manufactures.

Woolen Manufactures.

Silk Goods.

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Aug. 5, 1861..2 cts. p. lb. 4 cts. p. lb. 15 cts. p. Ib. 12 cts. p. 100lbs.

Dec. 24, 1861..2
July 14, 1862..3

June 30, 1864. 3
March 2, 1867.

* Imposed July 27, 1813.

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II. RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF THE TREASURY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR WHICH ENDED JUNE 30, 1868.

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Sales of Stamps..

.123,246,648.62

25,775,502.72

$229,915,08,811

140,424,045.71

7,001,151.01 692,549,685.88

$1,069,889,970.74

$893,922.22 .130,834,437.96

131,728,360.18

$1,201,618,330.92

$22,500,947.77

14,280,730.98

5,685,663.70

18,644,091.03

2,674,364.93

36,488,709.81

$100,274,508.22

$4,837,900.33

14,852,252.02

Taxes on Watches, Carriages, Silver Plate, Billiard Tables, 1,140,370.35

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A discrepancy will be noticed between the amount received by the office of Internal Revenue ($191,180,564.28), and by the United States Treasury ($191,087,589).

The difference is due to the

fact that the same receipts are not entered upon the books of the two offices on the same day].

III. TABLE SHOWING THE ORDINARY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES of the United States Treasury for the fiscal year which ended June 30, 1868, as compared with those of the fiscal year 1867. [Prepared expressly for this work, by EDWARD YOUNG].

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IV. TABLE SHOWING THE ESTIMATED SALES OF MERCHANDISE, (exclusive of sales by wholesale and retail liquor dealers, apothecaries, cattle-brokers, &c.), in the following States, computed from the receipts of Internal Revenue in the fiscal year 1868.

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