east of California, emigration to these states has taken place, to a considerable extent, but the immigration from the Eastern States, from Europe, Asia, and the Hawaiian Islands has continued to add largely to the population which at different periods was as follows: California has an area of 188,986 square miles, or 120,947,840 acres, of which not less than 89,000,000 including swamp lands capable of reclamation, are suited to some kind of profitable husbandry. It is supposed that at least 40,000,000 acres are fit for the plough, and the remainder is adapted to stock raising, fruit growing and other branches of agriculture. The soil and climate of California are eminently adapted to the growth of cereals, fruits and vegetables. The hardier fruits succeed well in all parts of the state, and along the southern coast, oranges, lemons, figs, pineapples, and other tropical fruits are raised. Cotton, sugar-cane, and indigo, are also produced in this portion. The yield of wheat in 1860 was over 5,000,000 of bushels; in 1866, it was 14,080,752 bushels, of which about 4,000,000 were used for home consumption, leaving 8,000,000 for export. Fruit trees grow rapidly, bear early, regularly, abundantly, and produce fruit of large size and superior quality. The soil and climate appear to be well adapted to grape culture, and the manufacture of wine. Three hundred varieties of grapes have already been cultivated, among which are the choicest wine producing grapes of Europe. It is estimated that thirty millions of vines are already set and will be in full bearing in three years. The vineyards seldom yield less than 1,000 lbs. of grapes per acre, and in some places the product is 20,000 lbs. per acre. The climate of California is favorable to stock raising, and in many parts this is the leading branch of husbandry. Horses, mules, oxen, beef cattle, cows, and sheep are extensively raised. Sheep husbandry is rapidly becoming an important interest. The slopes of the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada afford abundance of excellent pasture throughout the year. Another branch of industry progressing with satisfactory results is the cultivation of the mulberry and silk worm. The general absence of rain from May to November, and of explosive electricity, is said to be a climatic condition highly favorable to the raising of the silk worm. Cocoons raised in this State and sent to France for examination have been pronounced of superior excellence, and, on measurement, found to exceed the European by from 50 to 100 yards of silk. As both the mulberry and the silk worm are so thrifty, there is no reason to doubt that silk culture will succeed, and that it will become an important interest in the state. Four millions of cocoons were brought into market in 1866. Two large silk factories have been established in the State, and silk of very excelent quality is being manufactured. California has an abundance of timber of the finest varieties. The northern part of the coast is well covered with spruce, pine, and redwood, and the valleys with oak. The most remarkable tree in California, and the largest in the world is the Sequoia gigantea, or mammoth tree, growing with a clear straight stem, sometimes to the height of 400 feet, with a diameter from 30 to 40 feet in the largest specimens. It is found only on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, in Southern California. Fifteen or twenty groves are now known. By an act of Congress the land containing the "Big Tree Grove," in Mariposa county, embracing an area of 2,589 acres, has been ceded to the State, to be held for all time as a place of public resort and recreation. The same act also granted to the State, the Yosemite valley, embracing 36,111 acres, celebrated as one of the curiosities of the globe. The manufacturing industry of the State has rapidly increased. The number of establishments in 1860 was 8,468, with a capital of $22,051,096, using raw material valued at $27,051,674, the cost of labor being $28,402,287, and the product of the year's operations was valued at $68,253,228, leaving a profit of $12,799,267, or fifty-eight per cent. on the capital invested. The returns received from County Assessors, by the Surveyor General, and published in his report for 1867, show that the advance in this branch of industry has been no less remarkable than the agricultural development. The great and distinguishing feature of California, is, however, its mineral wealth. The first discoveries of gold were made in 1848, when the amount taken from the mines was $10,000,000, increasing to $40,000,000 in 1849, and upwards of $65,000,000 in 1853, which was the largest product of any year. The value of the products of a few of the leading staples of the state in 1866, was as follows: 5,229,826 pounds wool,.. 1,983,068 bushels potatoes,. 932,189 .2,868,672 .1,334,950 242,213 bushels beans,. 316,508 $836,772 716,653 ..1,195,841 545,550 363,319 $27,913,821 The amount of land enclosed, was 4,207,131 acres; cultivated, 1,774,327 acres. The number of horses was 109,907; mules, 21,310; cattle, 436,363; sheep, 1,346,749; Cashmere and Angora goats, 2,753; hogs, 332,049; hives of bees, 27,204. Trade and Commerce of San Francisco, for the first six months of 1868: Imports from foreign countries, $8,000,000 gold; from the Atlantic states, $22,457,000, currency; an increase of $8,000,000 over the same period last year. The exports were-merchandise, $11,000,000; coin, $20,000,000; total, $31,000,000 gold. The duties on imports amounted to $4,028,522, and the receipts of internal revenue, $3,000,000. During these six months 1,550 vessels arrived, bringing 500,000 tons of freight. The arrivals of passengers by sea, were 32,186; departures, 11,367; net gain, 20,819. Of the $5,448,000 of merchandise shipped the first quarter of 1868, $4,316,000 was for some 50 articles of California produce, the principal items of which were as follows: wheat, $2,452,000; flour, $836,000; barley, $37,000; beans, $13,000; potatoes, $9,000; borax, $10,000; quicksilver, $7,000; ores, $78,000; hides and skins, $116,000; wool, $186,000; leather, $41,000; wine, $42.000; brandy, $9,000; and bread, $12,000. The gold deposits at the San Francisco Branch Mint during the first three months of 1868, amounted to 60,000 ounces, and the coinage to $1,312.000. The total exports of treasure for the first quarter of the past three years have been as follows: 1866. $9,532,544. 1867, $9,825,304. 1868, $10,540,415. The exports of merchandise for 1867 were $22,465,903; and of treasure, $41,676,722.16. About $6,000,000 was shipped east by the United States sub-treasurer, making the total, $47.676.292, and the aggregate of treasure and merchandise, $70,142,195. The total amount of treasure exported from 1849 to 1868, was $826,873,738.21. 4. CONNECTICUT. Capitals, Hartford and New Haven. Area, 4,674 square miles. Population, (1860), 460,147. This State includes the original colonies of Connecticut and New Haven. The Connecticut colony was settled in 1633, at Windsor, and in 1635, at Hartford and Wethersfield, by persons from Massachusetts; and the New Haven colony in 1638, by a company from England. Separate governments were maintained until the colonies were united by the charter of Charles II, in 1662. This State has two capitals, the legislature meeting alternately in each; it meets in Hartford in 1869. Comptroller.. MARSHALL JEWELL JAMES W. MANNING....... Putnam .1,000 Commissioner of School Fund.. ......GEORGE A. PAYNE.. ..Woodstock .CHARLES J. HOADLY........ Hartford Executive Secretary. .1,600 .1,600 The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, and Comptroller, are chosen by the legal voters of the State on the first Monday in April, annually, and hold office from the first Wednesday in May. By the Constitution, the Senate must consist of not less than 18, nor more than 24 members, to be chosen by districts; the present number of districts is 21. The House of Representatives consists of 237 members, 2 for each town incorporated prior to the adoption of the State Constitution of 1818, and one for each town incorporated since. The Senators and Representatives are elected, annually, at the same time as the Governor. The Commissioner of the School Fund is appointed by the legislature. The Secretary of the Board of Education is chosen by that Board. Every white male citizen of the United States, who shall have attained the age of twenty-one years, who shall have resided in the State for the term of one year, and in the town where he offers to vote, six months, and who is able to read any article of the Constitution, is entitled to the privileges of an elector, upon taking the oath prescribed by law, Brigadier General, 2d Brigade. ........ STEPHEN W. KELLOGG... Hartford. New Haven, .New Haven. New Britain. Hartford. Unionville. Waterbury. The military consists of 4 companies of Governor's Guards, and of the 1st division of State militia in which are 2 brigades with 4 regiments each, a part of which are unorganized, and 3 batteries of light artillery. JUDICIARY. By act of 1867, the Supreme Court of Errors is to consist of one Chief Judge and three Associate Judges, who shall also be judges of the Superior Court. Reversal of any judgment or new trial must be with the concurrence of a majority of the judges, but in reserved cases where no verdict has been rendered, if the judges are equally divided, the same may be determined by the casting vote of the chief justice. Parties in all cases, have a right to be heard in full court, and if one of the judges is absent, the Chief Justice, or, in his absence, the senior Judge present, shall summon one or more of the judges of the Superior Court to constitute a full court. The Supreme Court of Errors has final and conclusive jurisdiction of all matters brought by way of error or complaint from the judgment or decrees of any Superior Court in matters of law or equity, wherein the rules of law or the principles of equity appear, from the file, records or exhibits of said court, to have been mistakenly or erroneously adjudged or determined. The Superior Court consists of six judges, exclusive of those who are judges of the Supreme Court; it has cognizance of all causes, civil and criminal, which are brought before it by suit, appeal, writ of error, scire facias, complaint, petition, or otherwise, according to law, and may try the same by jury or otherwise, as the law may require, and proceed therein to judgment and execution, but in all criminal trials, punishable by death, the court must consist of at least two judges, one of whom must be a judge of the Supreme Court. The judges of the Supreme Court of Errors and of the Superior Court are appointed by concurrent vote of the Senate and House of Representatives, and hold office for the term of eight years, but are disqualified by the constitution when seventy years of age. The Superior Court appoints its clerks, who are also clerks of the Supreme Court. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Samuel Nelson. District Judge, William D. Shipman. District Attorney, Hiram Wiley. Marshal, John Gould. Deputy Marshals, P. F. Barnum, F. M. Lovejoy, W. Russell, N. B. Payne. Clerk of Circuit Court, Alfred Blackman. Clerk of District Court, Loren P. Waldo. SUPREME COURT OF ERRORS. Chief Justice, Joel Hinman, New Haven. Associate Justices, Thomas B. Butler, Norwalk; John D. Park, Norwich; Charles J. McCurdy, Lyme; Elisha Carpenter, Wethersfield. Clerks of Courts, Chauncey Howard, Hartford; Arthur D. Osborne, New Haven; Wm. L. Brewer, Norwich; Elisha S. Abernethy, Bridgeport; Uriel Fuller, Brooklyn; Wm. L. Ransom, Litchfield; Chas. G. A. Vinal, Middletown; Joseph Bishop, Tolland. Reporter, John Hooker, Hartford. SUPERIOR COURT. Judges, Dwight W. Pardee, Hartford; James S. Phelps, Essex; Dwight Loomis, Rockville; Edward I. Sanford, New Haven; William T. Minor, Stamford; Miles T. Granger, North Canaan. STATE'S ATTORNEYS. Hartford County, William Hamersley, Hartford; New Haven County, Eleazer K. Foster, New Haven; New London County, Daniel Chadwick, Lyme; Fairfield County, Nelson L. White, Danbury; Windham County, Edward L. Cundall, West Killingly; Litchfield County, Charles F. Sedgwick, Sharon; Middlesex County, William T. Elmer, Middletown; Tolland County, Dwight Marcy, Tolland. TERMS OF SUPREME COURT. The State is divided into four Judicial Districts corresponding to the Congressional Districts, and two terms are held in each district, annually, as follows: 1st District, consisting of Hartford and Tolland Counties, 4th Tuesday in February, 1st Tuesday in September; 2d District, consisting of New Haven and Middlesex Counties, 2d Tuesday in February, 4th Tuesday in September; 3d District, consisting of New London and Windham Counties, 2d Tuesday in March, 4th Tuesday in October; and in the 4th District, consisting of Fairfield and Litchfield Counties, one term is held annually at Litchfield, in the county of Litchfield, on the 2d Tuesday of August, and two terms at Bridgeport, in Fairfield County, on 1st Tuesday in February, and 2d Tuesday in October. TERMS OF SUPERIOR COURT. Hartford County, Hartford, 2d Tuesday of March, 3d Tuesday of July, 4th Tuesday of September, 3d Tuesday of December. New Haven County, New Haven, 1st Tuesday of March, 2d Tuesday of May, 1st Tuesday of September, 2d Tuesday of October, 3d Tuesday of December. New London County, New London, 3d Tuesday of January, last Tuesday of March, 2d Tuesday of September; Norwich, 3d Tuesday of November. Fairfield County, Bridgeport, 1st Tuesday of March, 3d Tuesday of December; Danbury, 2d Tuesday of August, 3d Tuesday of October. Windham County, Brooklyn, 1st Tuesday of January, 3d Tuesday of April, 4th Tuesday of August, 1st Tuesday of November. Litchfield County, Litchfield, 4th Tuesday of January, 2d Tues. day of April, 2d Tuesday of September, 1st Tuesday of November. Middlesex County, Middletown, 1st Tuesday of February, 1st Tuesday of December; Haddam, 2d Tuesday of April, 1st Tuesday of September. Tolland County, Tolland, 2d Tuesday of April, 2d Tuesday of September, 1st Tuesday of December. FINANCES. Balance in Treasury to the credit of all accounts, April 1, 1867, $499,115.09 Receipts from all sources during the year, 2,711,236.17 $3,210,351.26 2,496,895.32 $713,455.94 RECEIPTS FOR CIVIL LIST ACCOUNT FOR YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 1868. The current expenses for the year ending March 31, 1868, were as follows: Debenture and Contingent Expenses of the General Assembly.. Account of Salaries... $400,483.10 9,950.26 1,525.33 1,171.92 10,147.46 208,304.68 207,938.36 64,466.22 4,000.00 39,478.15 402.00 953,866.91 2,400.00 $37,734.40 14,000.00 8,000.00 $1,958,868.79 .$86,273.85 39,907.05 |