Willow-Leaved Spiraea (Spiraea salicifolia). † Choke Cherry (Prunus Virginiana.) || * (r) * (r) Wild Red Cherry (Prunus Pennsylvanica). || Bird Cherry (Prunus padus). || Sand Cherry (Prunus pumila). || * (n) (r) Wild Plnm (Prunus Americana). * (1) Buffalo Berry (Lepargyraea argentea). * (0) || (r) Russian Olive (Elaeagnus hortensis songorica). * (0) Amur Barberry (Berberis amurensis). || * Rosemary Willow (Salix rosmarinifolia). || * Siberian Pea Tree (Caragana arborescens). || * (p) * * Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera). || * (r) * * Amur Tamarix (Tamarix amurensis). || (s) Manchurian Maple (Acer Tartaricum ginnala). || SHRUBS WITH COLORED FOLIAGE. Variegated Elder (Sambucus var.) ¶ Golden Elder (Sambucus nigra aurea). Golden Ninebark (Opulaster opulifolius aurea). || * Purple Barbery (Berberis vulgaris purpurea). || * The Russian Olive and the Buffalo Berry have silvery leaves. CLIMBING VINES. Sullivant's Honeysuckle (Lonicera Sullivantii). (j) || Russian Honeysuckle (Lonicera media). || * Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia). * || (t) Riverside Grape (Vitis vulpina). * Virginia Virgin's Bower (Clematis Virginiana). * (a) Nearly all the Ash found in the prairie portions of the state are Green Ash. (b) Cork Elm is frequent throughout the Minnesota valley, growing on rocky land and bluff sides. It is better adapted to dry locations than White Elm. (c) The Hackberry is common to the timber lands of southern Minnesota, and has been found as far north as Rainy Lake. It is an ornamental tree of the greatest merit. It is doing exceedingly well on dry prairies at Montevideo. (d) The Coffee tree has been found growing wild in the Minnesota valley as far west as New Ulm. It is a unique tree, with something of a tropical aspect. It is succeeding at Montevideo on a dry bluff side. The young leaves in June are of a rich brown color and very beautiful. (e) Salix alba vittelina is valuable for the winter effect of its bright red twigs. Seen in sunshine against a dark background it lights up the winter landscape as with a flame of fire. (f) The Lilac is a grand shrub in Minnesota. The variety Charles X appears to be better than the typical Syringa vulgaris. (g) The Sheepberry is a native shrub found throughout the state. It is beautiful in bloom, in foliage and in fruit. It is not too much to say that nothing better from the lawn planter's point of view has yet been introduced into the state. It does best in a somewhat moist location. (h) Albert Hegel's Honeysuckle is quite dwarfed, very fragrant and well adapted to a positition in front of the shrub border. It is a trailing plant and should be tied up to a stake. (i) This is a common native Honeysuckle of great beauty. It responds well to good cultivation and if kept tied up to a stake becomes one of the most striking objects in the shrub border. It is beautiful in flower, has fine foliage and in autumn is covered with scarlet berries. (j) Sullivant's Honeysuckle is also known as Lonicera flora. It is a fine climber, The flowers are inconspicuous, but it produces showy red fruit. (k) The Red-Berried Elder is a native shrub of great vigor, adapted to general planting. (1) The European Mountain Ash has failed as a tree at Montevideo from sun-scald. Treated as a shrub and allowed to sprout freely from the roots it has been very successful. (m) The Bessarabian Cherry may be expected to produce valuable fruit when it attains some age. (n) The Sand Cherry possesses much merit where a low growing shrub is required. Its leaves color beautifully in the autumn. (0) The Buffalo Berry and the Russian Olive are excellent shrubs with silvery foliage. If used in ornamental plantations, they should have a back ground of dark foliaged trees or shrubs. They both make excellent windbreaks on the prairie. (p) The Pea Shrubs are extremely hardy, thriving in the most exposed locations. (r) Native Shrubs. (s) This Tamarix from Russia is very fine and very valuable. One would think it to be a tender exotic, but it endures the Minnesota winters without protection. (t) Better known under the name of Ampelopsis quinquefolia. The recent changes in botanical nomenclature have resulted in producing some confusion in our lists. We have endeavored to follow in the list the nomenclature of "Britton and Brown's Flora," the latest authority on the subject. This is the standard of our state university, and is in accordance with the practice of the forestry division of the Department of Agriculture. We have derived much assistance from Sudworth's "Nomenclature of the Arborescent Flora of the United States," lately issued by the Department. The nomenclature of garden varieties of trees and shrubs is still in a chaotic condition, each nurseryman, with a few honorable exceptions, claiming the privilege of naming his stock to suit his own taste and fancy. The attention of propagators is particularly invited to the native shrubs mentioned in the foregoing list. It is through the cultiva tion and improvement of these that the greatest advances are to be made in the future. The patient cultivator will soon be rewarded by obtaining garden varieties of more value from the lawn planter's point of view than the original species, while selected specimens from the swamps and woodlands may occasionally present striking and unique habits of growth. Mr. Clarence Wedge: This is a paper I appreciate very much. Some of those foot notes ought to be a very excellent guide. I would like to ask Judge Moyer what the black poplar is and whether the hopwood, sometimes called the ironwood, is adapted to exposed situations at all? Judge Moyer: The black poplar was sent out under the name of Populus betulifolia, or birch leafed poplar, but in reading the bulletin published by Prof. Bailey, of Cornell, I found it was the black poplar of Europe, and the proper name was Populus nigra, and it is now found in the forests of New England, However, it is a European tree and properly named the black poplar. It is more thrifty than the cottonwood. Mr. Wedge: Is it ever called the Norway poplar? We have a tree with us that is called by that name. Judge Moyer: I presume possibly it may be the same thing. It is the common poplar of Europe; perhaps it is the same thing. One question you asked in regard to the hop tree. I called it by the name of hop tree, but it is always called ironwood. Mr. Wedge: Is it adapted to common use? Judge Moyer: Its leaves stay on all winter; in that respect it is like our red oak. It is common at our place on the bluffs. I have not been so very successful in introducing it on the dry bluffs. I think it has to be treated the same as hard maple. Mr. Lord: Did you ever succeed in getting the seed? Judge Moyer: No, I have not. Mr. Lord: Does it grow large? Judge Moyer: It never grows very large. Mr. Elliot: I have seen it a foot through. Judge Moyer: It is very common through the Minnesota valley, along the Minnesota river. It is said to grow at Miner Lake; so it is a hardy tree. It grows about as fast as the box elder, and is a very handsome, attractive appearing tree. One peculiarity about it is that the leaves always hang with one edge up so as to give the tree a sort of tropical appearance. It is a peculiarity of the leaves that the edges always turn up. The only objection I have to the tree is that it leaves out very late in the spring; it is about the last tree to obtain its foliage. It leaves out right down on the trunk first, and the top is the last to leave out. The President: What is the value compared with the elm? Judge Moyer: It is as good as the elm, but it will not make as large a tree. Mr. Allan: It is used as a street tree. Judge Moyer: I have been very much pleased with the rock elm. It grows very well with us; it is a native of the Minnesota valley. Mr. Wedge: Does it grow as fast as the white elm? The President: It is a handsome tree. Judge Moyer: Yes, it is a very handsome tree. The President: What do you think of the black ash? Judge Moyer: I have never tried that. Mr. Elliot: It does not make a very rapid growth on dry soil. Judge Moyer: It grows fifty miles north of us on the Chippewa river. Our native ash is the green ash. I have heard it called the white ash, but it is not. I do not know of any tree to plant on the prairie better than our native ash. Mr. Underwood: In regard to this paper, I heartily concur with Mr. Wedge that it is a most excellent and valuable paper, and I think our society is exceedingly fortunate to have a gentleman in its membership who is capable of producing such an excellent paper. A word about the ash. I have been trying to locate the different kinds of ash, determine them definitely, and I have a block of trees that I think were taken from the woods as young trees and planted out. Among them I had rows of ash, elm, maple, box elder and different kinds, and they got mixed up some. A inan brought those trees along one day and wanted to sell them, and we bought them as lawn trees. I was struck this summer by the very dark appearance of six of these trees. I said, "There are some handsome maples." I had not noticed them before. They were probably four inches in diameter or over, large, thrifty, nice trees, and as I approached them I saw they were not maples. I looked at the top and concluded they were butternuts, or some nut bearing tree. When I got nearer to them still I found they were a variety of ash. I had long been wanting to determine what the ash was that we are growing here, and, so far as I have been able to locate it, it seems to be the common ash we have been growing is the green ash. I used to call it the white ash, and I was not satisfied as to what those half dozen trees were. I got out our botany and our encyclopedias, and Henderson; I got all the authority I could, and asked everybody I saw, especially woodsmen; I think they are usually good authority, men accustomed to the woods; and I finally located those half dozen trees as being black ash. They were certainly thrifty. growing in gravelly soil, and never had particularly good care, but under the same circumstances that the other trees were planted they were stronger growing than almost anything else, stronger than any ash I ever saw, and a very handsome tree. If Judge Moyer can give me any light on the subject as to whether they are black ash from the poor description I have given of them, or anything with regard to this common ash that grows along the Mississippi river, whether it should be called the green ash or what it should be called, I would be very glad to know. I noticed this, there is a variation in all trees such as the elm and ash. Take the seed and plant it and you will find there is a great deal of variation in the trees; you will get a tree that is different from anything else. For instance, take this tree we call the green ash. You see them growing together, and in fifty trees there will apparently be a half dozen varieties, but they are all grown from the seed of the trees growing along the Mississippi river. Perhaps Judge Moyer can tell us more about the ash. Mr. Arthur Bryant, (Illinois) What do you think of the blue ash? Judge Moyer: I am not familiar with it. The President: I do not think I have ever seen it. Judge Moyer: I have lived in western Minnesota since I came to the state and am not acquainted with eastern Minnesota. I have seen the black ash growing at Glenwood in the western part of the state, on bottom lands where springs come down. It is a longer lived tree that the green ash. I noticed when Prof. Arthur reported on the ash trees in Iowa, he reported that nearly all of the ash trees in Iowa were green ash, and I think we will have to come to the same conclusion in Minnesota, in the western and southwestern part of the state, at least. I do not know the white ash well enough to know whether it is common in this neighborhood or not. I do not believe there is much white ash in the state, although Prof. MacMillan reported in a bulletin that it grows throughout Minnesota. |