483. Roberts, T. F. The university of a small nation. Contemporary review, 109: 240-46, February 1916.

Describes the work of the University of Wales. Also a plea for the study of Welsh literature.

484. Webb, William A. Is there still room for the humanities in a college of liberal arts? School and society, 3: 361-66, March 11, 1916.

An address delivered at the inauguration of President C. E. Brewer at Meredith college, Raleigh,
N. C., February 3, 1916.

SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION.

485. Caldwell, Horace N. Supervision of grades by high school principal. Sierra educational news, 12 : 98–101, February 1916.

Gives a plan of supervision for the union district type, the advantages of the plan and objections to it.

486. Chancellor, William Estabrook. the progress of a quarter century. 82, March 1916.

To be concluded in the April issue.

School board organization and functions:
American school board journal, 52: 11-14,

487. Churchill, Thomas W. The superintendent as the layman sees him. Journal of education, 83 : 263–65, 270, March 9, 1916.

488. Coffman, Lotus D. Differentiated curriculum

versus common elements.

School and home education, 35: 213-15, March 1916.

Paper on the same subject by W. C. Bagley, p.215-18.

Both papers were read before the Department of superintendence of the National education association, at Detroit, February 24, 1916.

489. Marsh, J. F. One board or more for state educational institutions? American school, 2:44-46, February 1916.

"The secretary of a State board of education discusses the advantages of such a plan for control of all the state's higher educational institutions, as he sees them."

490. Munro, William Bennett. School administration. In his Principles and methods of municipal administration. New York, The Macmillan company, 1916. p. 356-402.

491. Peters, Charles C. What the grammar school has a right to expect of the higher schools. Education, 36:415-24, March 1916.

Advocates the six-year high school. The gap between the grammar school and the high school should be eliminated, making the two one continuous whole. "It is highly abnormal that there should come here in our school system a break where nature has provided no corresponding break in the life of the youth. . . . School organization should certainly follow nature in breaking between the sixth and the seventh grades instead of between the eighth and the ninth."

492. Progress in school administration during 25 years. American school board journal, 52:16-17, 60-70, March 1916.

Letters from representative state superintendents.

The opinions of representative business men on the progress in city school administration are given on pages 29-30, 77-80 of this same issue.

493. Winship, A. E. To whom is the board of education responsible? Journal of education, 83: 270-72, March 9, 1916.

"Members of boards of education are responsible first, last and always, everywhere, at all times to the children and to them alone."

494. Wright, G. W. High school text books. Sierra educational news, 12: 83-85, February 1916.

Objections to the state publication of text books.

SCHOOL MANAGEMENT.

495. Canning, J. B. The meaning of student marks. School review, 24 : 196–202, March 1916.

Result of a statistical study of all marks given "during a period of five years in ten courses (two in each of five departments) in a very large school whose marking system is based upon implied positive standards."

496. Deutsch, Abraham. Some broader aspects of school discipline. Education, 36:449-55, March 1916.

Discusses subject from five points of view: (1) Present health and physical condition; (2) Home life and attitude toward school; (3) Past history; (4) School record; (5) Leisure. To be continued. 497. Engleman, James O. Methods and results of classroom supervision. American schoolmaster, 9:72–79, February 1916.

Address delivered before the Principals' section of the Illinois state teachers' association, at Springfield, December 29, 1915.

498. Every child at the school door. Survey, 35: 634-35, February 26, 1916.

A plea for individual instruction. Discusses a monograph recently published by the San Francisco State normal school, the result of a two-years' experience with a system of individual instruction of children in elementary grades. See item 306: "In re Every child, a minor, vs. Lockstep schooling; a suit in equity." Compiled by F. Burk.

499. Hartwell, Shattuck O. Overcrowded schools and the platoon plan. Cleveland, O., The Survey committee of the Cleveland foundation, 1916. 77 p. 12°. ([Cleveland foundation. Publications] 9)

One of the 25 sections of the report of the educational survey of Cleveland conducted by the Survey committee of the Cleveland foundation in 1915.

500. Preston, Carlton E. Are our schools hitting the mark? Educational review, 51:275-85, March 1916.

Criticizes the marking system in vogue in our schools. Says that it is by far the most crying evil in its effects upon the morals of pupils. Advocates the substitution therefore of a regular monthly statement in answer to only two questions: “(1) How nearly, in your opinion, is this pupil making the best of his abilities as a scholar; (2) Is he, so far as you have observed this month, manly and straight-forward in his dealings both with school officials and with his classmates?"

SCHOOL ARCHITECTURE.

501. National fire protection association, Boston, Mass. Fire protection in schools. 16 p. illus. 8°.

502. Schoolhouse construction and equipment in their relation to school neighborhood centers. Playground, 9: 433-41, March 1916.

This article is published through the "courtesy of the Women's municipal league of Boston. Supplement to the Bulletin, April 1915. Prepared by Committee on schoolhouse construction and equipment in their relation to school centers, Alice G. Brandeis, chairman . . . Extracts only are published."

SCHOOL HYGIENE AND SANITATION.

503. Bennett, Victoria E. M. Some shortcomings and limitations of the school medical service. Child (London) 6 : 240-46, February 1916.

Conditions in England described.

504. Berkowitz, J. H. Free municipal clinics for school children; a review of the work of the school children's nose and throat clinics in New York city and conditions which necessitate such institutions. [New York, 1916] 16 p. illus. 8°. (Department of health of the city of New York. Reprint ser. February 1916.)

no. 41.

505. Holt, Ethelyn Fay. The child and the problem of the adjustment of the educative process. Middle-west school review, 8: 15-17, March 1916.

Discusses principally the school and the health of the child.

506. Jackson, Edward. Cards for sight-testing in schools. Ophthalmic record, 25 109-14, March 1916.

Argues that the ordinary letter tests are inadequate to produce results. Makes a strong plea for the international test of visual acuity, established by the International ophthalmological congress held at Naples in 1909. This test consists of the broken-ring device-placed at the center of a square or circular card. "It can be concealed," says the writer, "an instant and turned in either direction; and the person tested can not rightly guess in which direction it is turned, more than once in four or eight times." It furnishes a fixed or constant standard.

507. McCord, Clinton P. The school nurse and her work. American education, 19: 401-407, March 1916.

Prepared for the National organization for public health nursing, meeting in convention in San Francisco, June 21-25, 1915.

Considers the scope of activity of the school nurse and what subjects she must be familiar with if she is to realize her greatest possibilities in school health work.

508. Millberry, Guy S. The problem of dental hygiene in children. Child (London) 6: 247-52, February 1916.

Review of conditions in Great Britain. Advocates the creation of a new field of dental practitioners to be known as dental hygienists. Importance of the problem.

509. New York association for improving the condition of the poor. New York school lunch committee. In its Year book, 1915. p. 83-88.

Making inexpensive lunches available to 100,000 school children.

510. Prichard, Emma. Open-air schools. School and home, 8:9-12, February 1916.

Considers the conditions which led to the establishing of open-air schools, the program which was carried out in them, the results, as tabulated by educators and physicians who have been observing as trained scientists interested in finding the results of an experiment, and then gives the modifications that have been made in the original plans and the reasons therefor.

PHYSICAL TRAINING.

511. Bray, W. J. The school's responsibility for physical efficiency. Missouri school journal, 33: 58-64, February 1916.

512. Raycroft, Joseph E. The educational value of athletics in schools and colleges. School and society, 3: 295–300, February 26, 1916.

Read at the 29th annual convention of the Association of colleges and preparatory schools of the Middle States and Maryland, Philadelphia, November 26, 1915.

SOCIAL ASPECTS OF EDUCATION.

513. Kirkpatrick, Edwin A. Fundamentals of sociology, with special emphasis upon community and educational problems. Boston, New York [etc.] Houghton Mifflin company [1916] x, 291 p. 12°.

This book was prepared with the conviction that sociology may be of as much value to education as psychology.

CHILD WELFARE.

514. Slingerland, William H. Child-welfare work in California. Survey, 35 : 700702, March 11, 1916.

An illustrated, statistical article based upon a study of child-caring agencies and institutions of
California, published recently by the Russell Sage Foundation.

MORAL EDUCATION.

515. Baker, Ray Stannard. How to teach morals to boys and girls. American magazine, 816-11, 70-71, February 1916. illus.

Describes Milton Fairchild's "dramatic device" for improving the character of children by the use of pictures.

516. Swett, Harry P. The individual in education. Education, 36: 462-67, March 1915.

Ethical growth of children discussed. Best methods of training, etc.

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION.

517. Brown, Frank Llewellyn. Sunday school officers manual; the training of officers and committees. A practical course for Sunday school leaders. New York, Cincinnati, The Abingdon press [1916] 254 p. 16°.

Contains bibliographies.

518. Crafts, Wilbur Fisk. An American plan for keeping the Bible in public schools. [Ann Arbor, Mich., 1915] p. 193-216. 8°.

519. Friedman, Lee M. The parental right to control the religious education of a child. Harvard law review, 29: 485–500, March 1916.

Reviews the history of the subject from the sixteenth century, in England, to the present day. Cites many legal cases.

520. Grant, Warren P. Scientific management and Sunday school superintendence. Biblical world, 47: 161-67, March 1916.

Purpose of the article is to show that "the present basis of superintendency organization in the Sunday school, namely, the adult, intermediate, and primary departments, is fundamentaly wrong, if the result desired is an efficiently conducted school."

521. Matthews, Basil Joseph, ed. The fascinated child; talks with boys and girls. London and Edinburgh, New York [etc.] Fleming H. Revell company [19-] 205 p. 12°.

MANUAL AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING.

522. Bennett, Charles A. The school factory at Bradley institute. Manual training and vocational education, 17: 520-34, March 1916.

Deals with the adaptation of the factory system to school conditions.

523. Bengtson, Caroline. Private trade schools in Chicago. Manual training and vocational education, 17: 497-510, March 1916.

The writer says that the private trade schools of Chicago supply vocational training for a considerable group of the population, many of the students having come from smaller towns where trade training can not be secured.

524. Davenport, Eugene. The educative value of work.-VII. Resourcefulness. School news and practical educator, 29: 308, March 1916.

To be continued next month.

Other articles in the same series are on the Intellectual element in manual labor, Turning failure into success, Accuracy, Efficiency, and Decision.

525. Education for work. New republic, 6 : 145-46, March 11, 1916.

Discusses vocational education, and primarily the introduction of the Gary system into New York City.

526. Kane, Sandy Morrow. The manual-training idea. Industrial-arts magazine, 5:93-96, March 1916.

Says our schools should give our boys initiative and ability, and that one of the most effective movements toward equipping boys with these qualifications is the development of the manual side of the curriculum in conjunction with the intellectual side. Thinks that the greatest mistakes in education to-day are being made in that phase of education called manual training.

527. Willoughby, George. Paying wages to boys in public schools. National magazine, 43: 889-92, February 1916.

Tells about the trade school or Boardman apprentice shops of the city school district of New
Haven, Conn.

VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE.

528. Blackford, Katherine M. H. and Newcomb, Arthur. Analyzing character. The new science of judging men; misfits in business, the home and social life. New York, The Review of reviews company, 1916. 488 p. illus. 8°.

529. Hadley, Arthur T. Choosing a career. Yale alumni weekly, 25: 698-99, March 3, 1916.

Address delivered to seniors on February 24 under the auspices of the Bureau of appointments. "In the choice of a career there are three things to be considered: fitness, opportunity, and reward." Each requirement is considered separately.

530. Jacobs, Charles Louis, comp. A vocational guidance bibliography, prepared for school and public libraries and arranged especially for youths, teachers and specialists, compiled for the Commissioner of industrial and vocational education. January, 1916. California, State printing office, 1916. 24 p. 8°. (California state board of education. Bulletin no. 12)

531. Kitson, H. D. Psychological tests and vocational guidance. School review, 24: 207-14, March 1916.

Discusses the value of experimental psychology in determining questions of vocation. Treats the subject under two aspects-objective and subjective.

532. O'Leary, Iris Prouty. Department store occupations. Cleveland, O., The Survey committee of the Cleveland foundation, 1916. 127 p. diagrs. 12°. ([Cleveland foundation. Publications] 11)

One of the 25 sections of the report of the educational survey of Cleveland conducted by the Survey committee of the Cleveland foundation in 1915.

533. Westgate, C. E. Vocational guidance in the stadium high school, Tacoma, Washington. Manual training and vocational education, 17 : 511-14, March 1916.

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION; HOME ECONOMICS.

534. American association of farmers' institute workers. Proceedings of the nineteenth annual meeting . . . held at Washington, D. C., November 9 to 11, 1914. East Lansing, Mich., 1915. 123 p. 8°. (L. R. Taft, secretarytreasurer, East Lansing, Mich.)

Contains: 1. Anna Barrows: Teaching home economics at farmers' institutes, p. 80-84; Discussion, p. 84-86. 2. A. C. True: The use of the Smith-Lever fund for farmers' institutes as a phase of extension work, p. 107-10; Discussion, p. 110-13.

535. Lacy, Mary G. The farmer and his tools. Educational review, 51: 268-74, March 1916.

Advocates various means for bringing the farmer in connection with the printed page, such as traveling libraries, etc.

536. Monahan, A. C. Extension teaching in agriculture and household arts in Ireland. Catholic educational review, 11: 221-28, March 1916.

537. Steele, Clara M. Domestic art in the high school commercial course. Journal of home economics, 8: 112-17, March 1916.

Gives the outline of a course in domestic arts to meet the needs of a business girl.

538. Swaim, John E. The influence of boys' and girls' club work in rural schools. Oklahoma home and school herald, 24: 94-95, 119, March 1916.

The moral and mental influence for good on the pupils.