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BERKELEY (CAL.) PUBLIC SCHOOLS-ELEMENTARY DIVISION.

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General suggestions. For school use each week there are 1,200 minutes in each of the first and second grades, 1,350 minutes in the third, and 1,500 minutes in each of the remaining grades. The suggested allotment leaves a margin of reserve time in several of the grades which the teacher should bring to bear on the weak places of her work. The exigencies of schoolroom work will necessitate a shift in emphasis from time to time, but it is thought that with an approximation to the foregoing schedule all the work outlined in the course, after it gets to working smoothly, can be covered nicely. Later in the term it may seem advisable to alter this schedule somewhat. The schedule and the suggestions which follow presume that two classes are seated in each room. Where there is but one grade in a room the teacher will find it advisable to do much individual work with her pupils.

Opening exercises.-No set time has been allowed in this schedule for "opening exercises," for we feel that the time is too frequently wasted. Unless the teacher is determined to make it count for something and is willing to make special preparation for it, we think it better for her to forego any exercises and begin on the regular work of the day. If, however, the teacher feels that she can use 10 minutes of the time profitably, she will find that it can be taken without interfering with the preceding time apportionment.

Penmanship.-Where there are two classes in the room they should be combined during the writing period except, perhaps, in the primary grades. In the lower primary grades the writing period should be very short to avoid fatigue. In grades 3, 4, and 5 a 16-minute period daily should be given, in the sixth grade four 15-minute periods are allowed.

Drawing.-Where there are two classes in the room, combine for this work. Because of the time required to get the materials ready for use it is best to break the weekly time allotment into not more than three periods. Some of the teachers have only two periods, while others, again, prefer taking but one period and increasing the time proportionately.

Music. The time allotment given to this subject permits, in the first and second grades, five 17-minute periods per week; in the remaining grades, four 15-minute periods per week should be given to class instruction and one 25-minute period to the chorus singing. It is expected, in the chorus work, that two or more classes of like grade be combined.

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Arithmetic.-In the drill work, if the two classes combined are found to be unwieldy, the room can be handled in two sections by requiring one section to do written drill work while the other section is taken for the oral work or work at the blackboard. In the work on "applications" some teachers get satisfactory results by taking the room by rows, one row at a time. While the teacher is working with a given row the remaining ones are busy making preparation on the assigned work. This time allotment is quite sufficient for the essentials of arithmetic if the work be quick, snappy, and well thought out.

Geography.-Sufficient time is set aside to justify the devoting of a few minutes each day to the formal part of geography; that is to say, to locations and map inferences. It is to be understood that the important part of geography comprises the conceptions and ideas which make up the content of the subject. Nevertheless, clear notions of geography can be gained only through establishing mental images of the great land and water masses of the world in their true space relations. This can be secured only through devising a methodology which will give these results.

Spelling-Five 12-minute periods should be given to this work in the second and third grades; 14 minutes in grades 4, 5, and 6. Time can be economized by dictating to both classes during the period.

History. In the sixth grade five 28-minute periods are provided, and in the fifth grade four 30-minute periods. From time to time it will be well to take some time from reading and literature, in case the ground outlined in this subject can not be covered otherwise. History work in the second, third, and fourth grades must be made largely story-telling, which can be varied as the needs require.

Reading and literature.-The allotment provides for four 25-minute periods in the fifth and sixth grades, classes taken separately; and for five 24-minute periods in the third and fourth grades with a correspondingly larger allotment in the first and second. Frequently the work in reading and literature can be combined with history and geography, thus securing a greater measure of time for one or the other as the need indicates.

Language. At least four 20-minute periods per week should be given to language work in the fifth and sixth grades, classes separate. The classes in the lower grades may be combined to advantage for a portion of the formal review work; thus a considerable saving in time can be effected.

Physical exercise. The time allotted calls for two 5-minute periods each day for physical exercises. We would suggest that another period of 5 minutes be taken from other work, in addition. Attention to physical training should be given without fail each day.

JAPAN-THE ORDINARY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL COURSE-FOUR YEARS.

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JAPAN-THE HIGHER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL COURSE-TWO YEARS.

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2 Principal points of morals.

10 Reading, writing, and composition with characters in
daily use and sentences of common style.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division; cal-
culation of weights, measures, coins, and times; simple
decimal fractions; Abacus arithmetic-addition and sub-
traction.

3 Outlines of Japanese history and of Japanese geography..
2 Plants, animals, minerals, and other national phenomena..

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4

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2

girls..

1

Simple figures......

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Hours
per
week.

2

Principal points of morals.

10

4

Reading, writing, and composition with characters in
daily use and sentences of common style.

Decimal fractions, common fractions, simple proportions,
Abacus arithmetic-Addition, subtraction, multiplica-
tion, and division.

3 Outlines of Japanese history and geography (continued).
Plants, animals, minerals, and other natural phenomena.
Simple figures.

2 Solo singing.

3

Common gymnastics, sports; military gymnastics (for
boys).

3 Sewing, cutting, and mending of common garments.

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Simple work.

JAPAN-THE HIGHER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL COURSE-THREE YEARS.

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