neceffary to move before fuch delivery can be made, hostages of the most refpectable people fhould be taken, "to fecure their following you the next day.

"All poffible means are to be used to prevent plunder"ing. As it is probable that captain Sherwood, who is " already detached to the fouthward, and will join you at

Arlington, will drive a confiderable quantity of cattle "and horfes to you, you will therefore send in these cattle "to the army, with a proper detachment from Petre's

corps, to cover them, in order to difencumber yourself; "but you must always keep the regiment of dragoons "compact. The dragoons themfelves muft ride, and take "care of the horses of the regiment. Those horses that "are destined for the ufe of the army, must be tied in "ftrings of ten each, in order that one man may lead ten "horfes. You will give the unarmed men of Petre's corps "to conduct them, and inhabitants whom you can trust.

"You must always keep your camps in good pofition, "but at the fame time where there is pasture; and you "must have a chain of centinels around your cattle when "grazing.

"Colonel Skeene will be with you as much as poffible, "in order to diftinguifh the good fubjects from the bad, to "procure the best intelligence of the enemy, and choose "those people who are to bring me the accounts of your "progrefs and fuccefs.

“When you find it necessary to halt a day or two, you' "must always intrench the camp of the regiment of dra"goons, in order never to rifque an attack or affront from "the enemy.

"As you will return with the regiment of dragoons "mounted, you must always have a detachment of captain "Frazer's or Petre's corps in front of the column, and the “fame in the rear, in order to prevent your falling into an "ambufcade, when you march through the woods.

"You will ufe all poffible means to make the country "believe, that the troops under your command are the "advanced corps of the army, and that it is intended to "pafs to Connecticut on the road to Bofton: you will like"wife infinuate, that the main army from Albany is to be "joined at Springfield, by a corps of troops from Rhode "Ifland.

"It is highly probable, that the corps under Mr. War"ner, now fuppofed to be at Manchester, will retreat before

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you; but should they, contrary to expectation, be able to "collect in great force, and poft themselves advantageouf"ly, it is left to your difcretion to attack them or not; al¿ ways bearing in mind, that your corps is too valuable "to let any confiderable loss be hazarded on this occafion.

"Should any corps be moved from Mr. Arnold's main 66 army, in order to interrupt your retreat, you are to take "as ftrong a post as the country will afford, and send the "quickest intelligence to me; and you may depend on

my making fuch movements as shall put the enemy be"tween two fires, or otherwife effectually fuftain you.

"It is imagined, the progrefs of the whole of this expe"dition may be effected in about a fortnight: but every "movement of it must depend on your fuccefs in obtaining "fuch fupplies of provifions as will enable you to subsist " for your return in this army, in cafe you can get no more. "And fhould not the army be able to reach Albany, be "fore your expedition fhould be completed, I will find

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means to fend you notice of it, and give your route an"other direction.

"All perfons acting in committees, or any officers under "the direction of the congrefs, either civil or military, to be made prifoners.

"I heartily wish you fuccefs; and have the honor to be, "fir, your humble fervant,

"JOHN BURGOYNE, Lieut. Gen.

"Head Quarters, August 9, 1777.”

It was feveral years after the confederation of the thir teen American ftates, before Vermont was added to the union. The inhabitants kept up a long and fevere altercation with the feveral governments, who claimed both territory and authority, until on the point of decifion by the fword, both parties appealed to the general congrefs. This was a business that divided and embarrassed, and was not terminated until the agents of Britain interfered, and offered advantageous terms to the Vermontefe, if they would withdraw from the confederated states, and become a province of Britain.

From their love of liberty, and their attachment to their country, thefe offers were rejected, though they complained heavily of the delays and evafions of the congrefs. Rough as their native mountains, and ftrong and flinty as the rocks that furrounded them, they bid defiance to dangers; and equally defpifed the intrigues of Britain, the fubterfuges of the claimants on their territory, and the fufpenfion in which they were held for a time by congrefs. They refifted obftinately the interferences and the claims of the neighbouring governments: their alienation from them, and their hatred to the state of New York in particular, daily increased and in spite of all oppofition, they continued their claims and supported their rights to be confidered a free, independent, and separate state, entitled to the fame privileges as the thirteen old colonies.

Colonel Ethan Allen, one of their principal leaders; a man of courage and ferocity, of pride without dignity, a writer without learning, a man of confequence merely from a bold prefumptive claim to a capacity for every thing; without education, and poffeffed of little intrinfic merit; wrote to congrefs on this occafion, and obferved, "that

"Vermont has an indubitable right to agree to terms of a "ceffation of hoftilities with Great Britain, provided the "United States perfift in a rejection of her application for "a union with them. But not difpofed to yield to the "overtures of the British government,” he added, “I am "as refolutely determined to defend the independence of "Vermont, as congress are that of the United States; and "rather than fail, will retire with hardy Green Mountain "Boys into the defolate caverns of the mountains, and wage war with human nature at large."

After long suspension and many impediments, congress thought proper, in order to prevent the effufion of blood among themselves, which this occafion threatened, to accede to the reasonable demands of these legitimate fons of freedom, who chofe delegates for congrefs, maintained their independence, and were a ftrong link in the confederated chain, against the encroachments and the power of Britain.*

The afflictions of this extraordinary lady did not terminate in America. By the affiduity of the phyficians, and the tender care of a most affectionate wife, major Ackland partially recovered from his wounds in a fhort time, and was permitted to repair to New York. It was not long before his health was sufficiently restored to embark for England: but his wounds incurable, and his mind depressed, he was led to habits of intemperance, that foon put a period to his life.

* A further defcription of the fettlement and progrefs of the Hampfhire Grants, may be seen at large in a late accurate history of Vermont, written by doctor Samuel Williams. This work is replete with moral and philofophical obfervations, which are honorary to the very fenfible writer, and at once entertain and improve the reader.

The death of her husband, and the domestic afflictions of the family of lord Ilchester, the father of lady Ackland, all combined to overpower the heroifm of a mind fuperior to most of her sex, and involved this unfortunate lady in a deep and irretrievable melancholy.

Governor Penn was the laft proprietary governor of the ftate of Pennsylvania. After the revolution, different modes were adopted. The patent granted by the crown to the celebrated PENN, the founder of that colony, included a vast territory; but the enormous claims of the family were extinguished by an act of the legislature of Pennsylvania. This was not in confequence of any political delinquency of the late governor, who had acquitted himself with ability and address, and retained his patriotism and attention to the interests of his country, to the end of the conteft. The heirs of the family voluntarily relinquished their extenfive claims, in confideration of a very handsome fum of money paid to the claimants by the legislature, in lieu of all quit-rents that might hereafter be demanded.

Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union between the States of New Hampshire, Maffachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

ARTICLE 1.

The ftyle of this CONFEDERACY fhall be, "THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA."